German submarine U-861 was a long-range Type IXD2 U-boat built for Nazi Germany 's Kriegsmarine during World War II . Laid down in Bremen and launched on 29 April 1943. She was equipped with two stern torpedo tubes and 24 mines .
23-462: She was commanded throughout her service life by Korvettenkapitän Jürgen Oesten ( Knight's Cross ). German Type IXD2 submarines were considerably larger than the original Type IXs . U-861 had a displacement of 1,610 tonnes (1,580 long tons) when at the surface and 1,799 tonnes (1,771 long tons) while submerged. The U-boat had a total length of 87.58 m (287 ft 4 in), a pressure hull length of 68.50 m (224 ft 9 in),
46-469: A 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 with 2575 rounds as well as two 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns with 8100 rounds. The boat had a complement of fifty-five. She joined 4th Flotilla for training on 2 September 1943, where she remained until 31 March 1944. She then joined 12th Flotilla for active service until 30 September 1944. For her last assignment, she joined 33rd Flotilla , as part of Monsoon Group operating out of Penang in
69-517: A beam of 7.50 m (24 ft 7 in), a height of 10.20 m (33 ft 6 in), and a draught of 5.35 m (17 ft 7 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, nine-cylinder diesel engines plus two MWM RS34.5S six-cylinder four-stroke diesel engines for cruising, producing a total of 9,000 metric horsepower (6,620 kW; 8,880 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing
92-539: A five-point naval star above. In contradiction to Imperial German Navy tradition, where sleeve rings encircled the lower cuffs, the Volksmarine cuff strips formed 40% rings. German Navy The German Navy ( German : Deutsche Marine , pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃə maˈʁiːnə] ) is part of the unified Bundeswehr (Federal Defense), the German Armed Forces. The German Navy
115-711: A number of development and testing installations as part of an inter-service and international network. Among these is the Centre of Excellence for Operations in Confined and Shallow Waters (COE CSW), an affiliated centre of Allied Command Transformation . The COE CSW was established in April 2007 and officially accredited by NATO on 26 May 2009. It is co-located with the staff of the German Flotilla 1 in Kiel whose Commander
138-412: A total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010 PS; 750 kW) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.85 m (6 ft) propellers . The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 200 metres (660 ft). The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 20.8 knots (38.5 km/h; 23.9 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 6.9 knots (12.8 km/h; 7.9 mph). When submerged,
161-753: A transition stage for the navy, allowing the future Marine to draw on recently experienced personnel upon its formation. Also, from 1949 to 1952 the US Navy had maintained the Naval Historical Team in Bremerhaven. This group of former Kriegsmarine officers acting as historical and tactical consultants to the Americans, was significant in establishing a German element in the NATO senior naval staff. In 1956, with West Germany 's accession to NATO,
184-503: Is also engaged in operations against international terrorism such as Operation Enduring Freedom and NATO Operation Active Endeavour . Presently the largest operation the German Navy is participating in is UNIFIL off the coast of Lebanon . The German contribution to this operation is two frigates, four fast attack craft , and two auxiliary vessels. The naval component of UNIFIL has been under German command. The navy operates
207-502: Is double-hatted as Director, COE CSW. In total, there are about 65 commissioned ships in the German Navy, including; 11 frigates , 5 corvettes , 2 minesweepers , 10 minehunters , 6 submarines , 11 replenishment ships and 20 miscellaneous auxiliary vessels . The displacement of the navy is 220,000 tonnes . Ships of the German Navy include: In addition, the German Navy and the Royal Danish Navy are in cooperation in
230-510: Is the lowest senior officer rank ( German : Stabsoffizier Rang ) in the German Navy . The official manner, in line to ZDv 10/8, of formal addressing of military people with the rank Korvettenkapitän (OF-3) is "Herr/Frau Korvettenkapitän". However, as to German naval traditions the "Korvettenkapitän" will be addressed "Herr/Frau Kapitän", often in line to seamen's language "Herr/Frau Kap'tän". Rank insignia Korvettenkapitän , worn on
253-671: The Bundesmarine (Federal Navy), as the navy was known colloquially, was formally established. In the same year the East German Volkspolizei See (literally People's Police Sea) became the Volksmarine (People's Navy). During the Cold War all of the German Navy's combat vessels were assigned to NATO 's Allied Forces Baltic Approaches 's naval command NAVBALTAP . With the accession of East Germany to
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#1732783873876276-521: The Imperial German Navy and Kriegsmarine the "Korvettenkapitän" was the lowest officer rank of the senior officer's rank group. The rank insignia consisted of shoulder strap and sleeve stripes. Shoulder straps had to be worn on uniform jackets and consisted of twisted silver-braids (without pip/star) on padding in navy blue weapon color. Cuff insignia consisted of three stripes, and a five-point naval star above. The sleeve rings encircled
299-522: The Indian Ocean , on 1 October 1944 until the end of the war. On her final long trip back to Norway carrying vital supplies from the Far East, she struck an iceberg south of Greenland, but reached Trondheim safely on 19 April 1945, with very little fuel remaining. U-861 surrendered on 9 May 1945 at Trondheim , Norway. She was transferred to Lisahally , Northern Ireland, shortly afterwards. She
322-469: The "Ark Project". This agreement made the Ark Project responsible for the strategic sealift of German armed forces where the full-time charter of three roll-on-roll-off cargo and troop ships are ready for deployments. In addition, these ships are also kept available for the use of the other European NATO countries. The three vessels have a combined displacement of 60,000 tonnes. Including these ships,
345-693: The Federal Republic of Germany in 1990 the Volksmarine along with the whole National People's Army became part of the Bundeswehr . Since 1995 the name German Navy is used in international context, while the official name since 1956 remains Marine without any additions. As of August 2024, the strength of the navy is 15,531 men and women. A number of naval forces have operated in different periods. See German warships permanently participate in all four NATO Maritime Groups. The German Navy
368-468: The German Navy participates in peacekeeping operations, and renders humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. It also participates in anti-piracy operations. The German Navy traces its roots back to the Reichsflotte (Imperial Fleet) of the revolutionary era of 1848–52 . The Reichsflotte was the first German navy to sail under the black-red-gold flag. Founded on 14 June 1848 by the orders of
391-444: The boat could operate for 121 nautical miles (224 km; 139 mi) at 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 12,750 nautical miles (23,610 km; 14,670 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-861 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 24 torpedoes , one 10.5 cm (4.13 in) SK C/32 naval gun , 150 rounds, and
414-576: The democratically elected Frankfurt Parliament , the Reichsflotte 's brief existence ended with the failure of the revolution and it was disbanded on 2 April 1852; thus, the modern day navy celebrates its birthday on 14 June. Between May 1945 and 1956, the German Mine Sweeping Administration and its successor organizations, made up of former members of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine (War Navy), became something of
437-575: The lower cuffs. Korvettenkapitän was in the Volksmarine of the GDR the lowest grade of the senior officer's rank group. It was comparable to Major of the NPA Land Force and Air Force. The rank insignia consisted of shoulder strap and sleeve stripes. Shoulder straps had to be worn on uniform jackets and consisted of twisted silver-braids with one gold pip (star) on padding in navy blue weapon color. Cuff insignia consisted of three stripes, and
460-627: The sleeves and shoulders, are one five-pointed star above three stripes (or rings on sleeves; without the star when rank loops are worn). The rank is rated OF-3a in NATO , and equivalent to Major in Heer , and Luftwaffe . It is grade A13 in the pay rules of the Federal Ministry of Defence and is senior to the regular OF-2 rank of Kapitänleutnant (en: Lt ), as well as to OF-2 Stabskapitänleutnant . (Oberstabsarzt) Major In
483-607: The total ships' displacement available to the Deutsche Marine is 280,000 tonnes. Procurement of joint support ships (either two JSS800 for an amphibious group of 800 soldiers, or three smaller JSS400), was planned during the 1995–2010 period but the programme appears now to have been abandoned, not having been mentioned in two recent defence reviews. The larger ships would have been tasked for strategic troop transport and amphibious operations, and were to displace 27,000 to 30,000 tons for 800 soldiers. The naval air arm of
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#1732783873876506-507: Was originally known as the Bundesmarine (Federal Navy) from 1956 to 1995, when Deutsche Marine (German Navy) became the official name with respect to the 1990 incorporation of the East German Volksmarine (People's Navy). It is deeply integrated into the NATO alliance. Its primary mission is protection of Germany's territorial waters and maritime infrastructure as well as sea lines of communication . Apart from this,
529-556: Was sunk by the Royal Navy on 31 December 1945 in position 55°25′N 07°15′W / 55.417°N 7.250°W / 55.417; -7.250 as part of Operation Deadlight . Korvettenkapit%C3%A4n Korvettenkapitän ( German: [kɔʁˈvɛtn̩kapiˌtɛːn] ; English: Corvette captain ) is the lowest ranking senior officer in a number of Germanic-speaking navies. Korvettenkapitän , short: KKpt /in lists: KK , (English: Corvette captain )
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