Undecaprenyl phosphate (UP), also known lipid-P, bactoprenol and C55-P., is a molecule with the primary function of trafficking polysaccharides across the cell membrane, largely contributing to the overall structure of the cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria . In some situations, UP can also be utilized to carry other cell-wall polysaccharides, but UP is the designated lipid carrier for peptidoglycan. During the process of carrying the peptidoglycan across the cell membrane, N -acetylglucosamine and N -acetylmuramic acid are linked to UP on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane before being carried across. UP works in a cycle of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation as the lipid carrier gets used, recycled, and reacts with undecaprenyl phosphate. This type of synthesis is referred to as de novo synthesis where a complex molecule is created from simpler molecules as opposed to a complete recycle of the entire structure.
14-702: [REDACTED] Look up UDP in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. UDP may refer to: Political parties [ edit ] Ulster Democratic Party , in Northern Ireland União Democrática Popular ( Popular Democratic Union (Portugal) ) Unidad Democrática y Popular ( Democratic and Popular Union ), a former Bolivian umbrella party United Democratic Party (disambiguation) , multiple organisations Science and technology [ edit ] Undecaprenyl phosphate ,
28-455: A BacA homologue. Undecaprenyl phosphate is also known to be the "Universal Glycan Lipid Carrier". When UP is inhibited, the peptidoglycan synthesis is interrupted and it could lead to cell lysis . Furthermore, UP is involved in the metabolism of many cellular processes that can potentially be targeted by antibiotics. Also, it is common for bacteria to use UP to translocate glycan ; however, certain bacteria do not use undecaprenyl phosphate as
42-510: A bacterial cell membrane carrier lipid Uridine diphosphate , an organic chemical User Datagram Protocol , a network communications method User Defined Primitive, a construct in Verilog Usenet Death Penalty , a discussion group disciplinary response Universality–diversity paradigm Other uses [ edit ] Unit Deployment Program , a military assignment system Unitary development plan ,
56-476: A discussion group disciplinary response Universality–diversity paradigm Other uses [ edit ] Unit Deployment Program , a military assignment system Unitary development plan , a land use planning system Universidad Diego Portales ( Diego Portales University ), in Chile Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
70-404: A former Bolivian umbrella party United Democratic Party (disambiguation) , multiple organisations Science and technology [ edit ] Undecaprenyl phosphate , a bacterial cell membrane carrier lipid Uridine diphosphate , an organic chemical User Datagram Protocol , a network communications method User Defined Primitive, a construct in Verilog Usenet Death Penalty ,
84-426: A glycan translocator. UP is involved in transporting peptidoglycan subunits from the cytoplasmic face of the cell membrane to the periplasmic or extracellular surface. In the process, UP (also called lipid-P) complexes with UDP- N -acetylmuramic acid pentapeptide (UDP-NAM pentapeptide) to form lipid I, displacing UMP. From there, lipid I complexes with N -acetyl glucosamine (NAG) to form lipid II. Lipid II then
98-526: A land use planning system Universidad Diego Portales ( Diego Portales University ), in Chile Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title UDP . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UDP&oldid=1249266029 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
112-423: Is an example of one of these antibiotics. It is a generic topical cream used for "cuts, scrapes, and burns", possessing "bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties". The process is accomplished by targeting and inhibiting the enzyme used to renew UP—membrane-bound undecaprenyl phosphatase hydrolyzing undecaprenyl diphosphate to UP. This renewal process is crucial for maintaining the flow of lipid I and lipid II across
126-477: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages UDP [REDACTED] Look up UDP in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. UDP may refer to: Political parties [ edit ] Ulster Democratic Party , in Northern Ireland União Democrática Popular ( Popular Democratic Union (Portugal) ) Unidad Democrática y Popular ( Democratic and Popular Union ),
140-420: Is flipped across the membrane by a flippase to the outside leaflet of the cell membrane. The NAG-NAM pentapeptide subunit is then added onto the growing peptidoglycan chain, leaving behind undecaprenyl diphosphate . The extra phosphate on undecaprenyl diphosphate is cleaved by a pyrophosphatase and UP is then recycled to the cytoplasmic face of the cell membrane. UP also serves as the lipid transporter for
154-423: Is found in vast quantities, which is then phosphorylated into UP. For Gram-negative bacteria however, there has yet to be any indication that they contain any undecaprenol at all. Instead of having an undecaprenol be phosphorylated, it appears that instead, Gram-negative bacteria undergo a dephosphorylation of undecaprenyl diphosphate which is catalyzed by both a type-2 phosphatidic acid , phosphatase homologue, and
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#1732772830059168-466: Is recycled by a pyrophosphatase and flipped to the cytoplasmic face again. UP is a valuable transporter for cell wall equipment. That being said, the components necessary for the proper UP functioning can be inhibited, restricting the aiding of cell wall synthesis. As a result, the bacteria's structure is compromised, and its ability to combat lysing is lost. On a larger scale, this is helpful when fighting, or preventing bacterial infections. Bacitracin
182-554: The O-antigen component of lipopolysaccharide. It is supposed that sugars are assembled into O-antigen subunits directly on UP on the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membrane. Then the UP-O-antigen subunit gets flipped to the other side of the membrane, where similar UP-O-antigen subunits interact and aggregate the O-antigen subunits into repeating-subunit chains, leaving undecaprenyl diphosphate behind. Again undecaprenyl phosphate
196-565: The title UDP . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UDP&oldid=1249266029 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Undecaprenyl phosphate The synthesis of UP differs between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. In Gram-positive bacteria, undecaprenol
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