84-605: The United States Foreign Service is the primary personnel system used by the diplomatic service of the United States federal government , under the aegis of the United States Department of State . It consists of over 13,000 professionals carrying out the foreign policy of the United States and aiding U.S. citizens abroad. Its current director general is Marcia Bernicat . Created in 1924 by
168-594: A Senior Foreign Service with a rank structure equivalent to general and flag officers of the armed forces and to the Senior Executive Service . It enacted danger pay for those diplomats who serve in dangerous and hostile surroundings along with other administrative changes. The 1980 Act also reauthorized the Board of the Foreign Service, which "shall include one or more representatives of
252-529: A bridge between the European and American intellectual communities. In 1819 his publication, in three volumes, of A Statistical, Political and Historical Account of the United States of America helped secure his election in 1826 as a corresponding member of the Académie des sciences, Morales et Politiques . The publishers of the encyclopedic series, L'art de vérifier les dates , commissioned him to research
336-432: A candidate is put on the register, they can remain for 18 months. If they are not hired from the register within 18 months, their candidacy is terminated. Separate registers are maintained for each of the five generalist career cones as well as the 23 specialist career tracks. Technically, there are many registers (one for each Foreign Service specialty and then one for each generalist cone). The rank-order competitiveness of
420-433: A candidate's eligibility being terminated. It can be difficult for a candidate to receive a top-secret clearance if they have extensive foreign travel, dual citizenship, non-United States citizen family members, foreign spouses, drug use, financial problems or a poor record of financial practices, frequent gambling, and allegiance or de facto allegiance to a foreign state. Additionally, it can be difficult for anyone who has had
504-610: A candidate's probability of success. Step 1 for a generalist is the Foreign Service Officer Test (FSOT). For a specialist, it is an application on USAJobs . Before taking the FSOT, applicants must submit six personal narratives. The FSOT itself is a written exam consisting of four sections: job knowledge, English expression, situational judgement, and a written essay. Specialists fill out applications tailored to their particular knowledge areas. Given how varied
588-577: A correspondence with William Sampson , a United Irish exile in New York, who had been three years in Paris. But their common interest was broader than Ireland. Sampson was counsel for the abolitionist Manumission Society and victor in the case People v. Phillips (1813) which secured recognition in the United States for priest-penitent privilege . Warden was able to communicate Grégoire 's high praise for Sampson's defence of religious toleration. After
672-625: A farewell address to the Presbytery, he wrote: Everyone of you has both publicly and privately circulated republican morality--that religion is a personal thing--that Christ is the head of the Church--that his Kingdom is not of this world--that the will of the people should be the supreme law ;--and now from terror . . . you have met as a military inquisition. Rather than seek a new licence to preach, in New York he found employment as
756-478: A handful of cases of FSOs on consular assignments selling visas for a price. Members of the Foreign Service must agree to worldwide availability, that is, they must be willing to be deployed anywhere in the world based on the needs of the service. In practice, they generally have significant input as to where they will work, although issues such as rank, language ability, and previous assignments will affect one's possible onward assignments. All assignments are based on
840-569: A provisional license to preach from the Presbytery of Bangor , County Down . He was a pupil of Rev. James Porter at nearby Greyabbey , following his lectures on natural and experimental philosophy (keeping notebooks he presented to Porter's son almost four decades later). Like Porter, Warden joined the Society of United Irishmen . Inspired by revolutionary events in France , and despairing of
924-501: A rebel ambush of government troops at Saintfield on 9 June, on 10 June (later recalled as "Pike Sunday") Warden assembled the first of his forces, 300 men, whom he marched on Newtownards . After repelling the first assault, the garrison of Yorkshire Fencibles withdrew, allowing the rebels to establish in the town a French revolutionary style Committee of Public Safety . The "Republic" lasted but three days. Beginning late on 12 June, Warden as " aide de camp " to Henry Munro , witnessed
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#17327758896791008-492: A salary could not engage in private business, but could continue to collect fees for services performed. Lucile Atcherson Curtis was the first woman in what became the U.S. Foreign Service. Specifically, she was the first woman appointed as a United States Diplomatic Officer or Consular Officer, in 1923 (the U.S. did not establish the unified Foreign Service until 1924, at which time diplomatic and consular Officers became Foreign Service officers). The Rogers Act of 1924 merged
1092-520: A seven-point scale; these individual scores are then aggregated. At the end of the day, a candidate will be informed if their score met the 5.25 cutoff score necessary to continue their candidacy. This score becomes relevant again after the final suitability review. Successfully passing the oral assessment/FSOA earns a candidate a conditional offer of employment. Candidates must then obtain a Class 1 (worldwide available) medical clearance, top secret security clearance, and suitability clearance. Depending upon
1176-622: A significant health problem to receive a Class 1 medical clearance. The Foreign Service rejected all candidates with HIV until 2008 when it decided to consider candidates on a case-by-case basis. The State Department said it was responding to changes in HIV treatment, but the policy change came after a decision by the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia in Taylor v. Rice that suggested
1260-469: A source of friction. The Foreign Service Act of 1946 also repealed as redundant the 1927 and 1930 laws granting USDA and Commerce representatives abroad diplomatic status, since at that point agricultural and commercial attachés were appointed by the Department of State. The 1946 Act replaced the Board of Foreign Service Personnel, a body concerned solely with administering the system of promotions, with
1344-868: A teacher, first as principal of the Columbia Academy, at Kinderhook, and in 1801 head tutor at nearby Kingston Academy in Ulster county . He also tutored the family of John Armstrong Jr. When in 1806 President Jefferson appointed the Revolutionary War general Minister to the court of Napoleon , Warden accompanied him as legation secretary to Paris . In 1808 Jefferson appointed Warden consul pro tempore , but despite loyalty shown in defence of his employer when attacked by Federalist press, in September 1810 Armstrong relieved Warden of his duties, two days before relinquishing his own position. In
1428-657: A wide correspondence with, among others, Alexander von Humboldt , Joel Roberts Poinsett , Alexander Dallas Bache , the Marquis de Lafayette , Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac , Washington Irving and Thomas Jefferson . In 1809, Warden was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia . In France, as a friend of leading French writers and intellectuals, Warden offered assistance to visiting scholars from America providing
1512-682: Is difficult, as diplomacy tends to establish the concept of recognition upon an assumed sovereignty over geographical territory; the SMOM, in this case, receives diplomats at its headquarters in Rome, as all permanent missions to the SMOM are jointly accredited as permanent missions to the Holy See. In relation, many more non-state international organizations, such as the IFRC / ICRC , maintain permanent non-voting observer status to intergovernmental bodies such as
1596-440: Is the tendency of the resident in-country staff of an organization to regard the officials and people of the host country as "clients." This condition can be found in business or government. A hypothetical example of clientitis would be an Foreign Service officer (FSO), serving overseas at a U.S. embassy, who drifts into a mode of routinely and automatically defending the actions of the host country government. In such an example,
1680-419: Is three weeks long. Depending upon the specialty, employees will then undergo several months of training before departing for their first assignment. Members of the Foreign Service are expected to serve much of their career abroad, working at embassies and consulates around the world. By internal regulation, the maximum stretch of domestic assignments should last no more than six years (extensions are possible at
1764-750: The Bureau of Global Talent Management . As the head of the bureau, the director general held a rank equivalent to an assistant secretary of state . Three of the last four directors general have been women. On September 15, 1789, the 1st United States Congress passed an act creating the Department of State and appointing duties to it, including the keeping of the Great Seal of the United States . Initially there were two services devoted to diplomatic and consular activity. The Diplomatic Service provided ambassadors and ministers to staff embassies overseas, while
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#17327758896791848-698: The Empress Marie Louise . Notwithstanding his haste in getting his credentials recognised by the newly returned Bourbons , in August 1814 Warden was dismissed. He never again held diplomatic appointment. In 1810, Warden had not won friends in the Madison administration with his translation of the principal abolitionist reference in France, Henri Grégoire 's De la Littérature Des Nègres (1808). In his preface, Warden noted that, "ardent" in their desire to amass riches, Europeans "affected to believe, that
1932-550: The Rogers Act , the Foreign Service combined all consular and diplomatic services of the U.S. government into one administrative unit. In addition to the unit's function, the Rogers Act defined a personnel system under which the United States secretary of state is authorized to assign diplomats abroad. Members of the Foreign Service are selected through a series of written and oral examinations . They serve at any of
2016-599: The State Department would heed Warden's argument that for a consul "to be useful to his country in arts, sciences and manufactures, [he]must have no commercial engagements", that his salary be commensurate with his situation, and that he needed to be as much a cultural agent as a commercial one. Warden's observations on politics, literature, medicine (in 1806, he formally enrolled in the Ecole de Medicine de Paris ), chemistry, natural science, and education resulted in
2100-670: The United Nations General Assembly , appointing individual representatives to the observer office. This government -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . David Bailie Warden David Bailie Warden was a republican insurgent in the Irish Rebellion of 1798 and, in later exile, a United States consul in Paris . While in American service Warden protested
2184-621: The United States Agency for International Development . The Foreign Service is managed by a director general who is appointed by the president of the United States , with the advice and consent of the Senate . The director general is traditionally a current or former Foreign Service officer (FSO). Congress created the position of director general through the Foreign Service Act of 1946 . Between 1946 and 1980,
2268-523: The United States diplomatic missions around the world, including embassies , consulates , and other facilities. Members of the Foreign Service also staff the headquarters of the four foreign affairs agencies: the Department of State , headquartered at the Harry S Truman Building in the Foggy Bottom neighborhood of Washington, D.C. ; the Department of Agriculture ; the Department of Commerce ; and
2352-545: The rout of the main rebel conjunction at Ballynahinch . Warden escaped the fate of his mentor, James Porter, hung at Castlereagh's insistence outside his church in Greyabbey in July. Through the intercession of influential friends, Castlereagh allowed him permanent exile. After several weeks on a crowded prison ship, on which William Steel Dickson recalled Warden's "lively, rational and entertaining conversation", he sailed for
2436-533: The union with Great Britain , Ireland had seen the birth of a new, overwhelmingly Catholic, national movement under Daniel O'Connell . Hailing him on his death in 1847 an "incarnation of a people", Honoré de Balzac noted that for twenty years O'Connell's name had filled the press of Europe as no man since Napoleon. Of this in Warden's extensive, wide-ranging, correspondence there appears to be no record. Warden died on 9 October 1845, in Paris, where he had lived for
2520-488: The Board of Examiners for an oral assessment based on those skills. This stage of the assessment process also varies for generalists and specialists. For specialists, there is a structured oral interview, written assessment, and usually an online, objective exam. For generalists, the FSOA consists of a case-management exercise, group exercise, and structured interview, The various parts of the oral assessment/FSOA are scored on
2604-420: The Board of the Foreign Service, which was responsible more broadly for the personnel system as a whole, and created the position of director general of the Foreign Service . It also introduced the "up-or-out" system under which failure to gain promotion to higher rank within a specified time in class would lead to mandatory retirement, essentially borrowing the concept from the U.S. Navy. The 1946 Act also created
United States Foreign Service - Misplaced Pages Continue
2688-527: The Consular Service provided consuls to assist United States sailors and promote international trade and commerce . Throughout the nineteenth century, ambassadors, or ministers, as they were known prior to the 1890s, and consuls were appointed by the president, and until 1856, earned no salary. Many had commercial ties to the countries in which they would serve, and were expected to earn a living through private business or by collecting fees. This
2772-552: The Department of Agriculture (specifically the Foreign Agricultural Service , though the secretary of agriculture has also authorized the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service to use the system as well), and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). USAID, Commerce, and Agriculture senior career FSOs can be appointed to ambassadorships, although the ranks of career ambassadors are in
2856-464: The Department of Agriculture in addition to the existing FSOs of the Department of State, U.S. Information Agency, and U.S. Agency for International Development. The Foreign Service Act of 1980 is the most recent major legislative reform to the Foreign Service. It abolished the Foreign Service reserve category of officers, and reformed the personnel system for non-diplomatic locally employed staff of overseas missions (Foreign Service Nationals). It created
2940-642: The Department of Agriculture. Commercial attachés remained with State until 1980, when Reorganization Plan Number 3 of 1979 was implemented under terms of the Foreign Service Act of 1980. In 1946 Congress at the request of the Department of State passed a new Foreign Service Act creating six classes of employees: chiefs of mission , Foreign Service officers , Foreign Service reservists, Foreign Service staff, "alien personnel" (subsequently renamed Foreign Service nationals and later locally employed staff), and consular agents. Officers were expected to spend
3024-817: The Department of State, the United States Information Agency , the United States Agency for International Development , the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Labor, the Office of Personnel Management, the Office of Management and Budget, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, and such other agencies as the President may designate." This board is charged with advising "the Secretary of State on matters relating to
3108-686: The FSOT score." The most qualified candidates are invited to participate in the Foreign Service Officer Assessment (FSOA). Formerly known as the oral exam and administered in person in Washington, D.C. and other major cities throughout the United States , the FSOA is now conducted entirely online. Specialists also undergo a QEP, but their essays are collected as part of the initial application on USAJobs. Foreign Service specialist (FSS) candidates are evaluated by subject matter experts for proven skills and recommended to
3192-560: The Foreign Service Act. The evaluation process for all Department of State Foreign Service officers and specialists can be broadly summarized as: Initial application, Qualifications Evaluation Panel (QEP), oral assessment/Foreign Service Officer Assessment, clearances and final suitability review, and the register. All evaluation steps for generalist and specialist candidates are anchored using certain personality characteristics. For generalists there are 13, for specialists there are 12. Familiarity with these characteristics dramatically improves
3276-405: The Foreign Service lifestyle. For both employees and their families, the opportunity to see the world, experience foreign cultures firsthand for a prolonged period, and the camaraderie amongst the Foreign Service and expatriate communities in general are considered some of the benefits of Foreign Service life. Some of the downsides of Foreign Service work include exposure to tropical diseases and
3360-480: The Foreign Service). In addition, the agricultural legislation stipulated that agricultural attachés would not be construed as public ministers. On July 1, 1939, however, both the commercial and agricultural attachés were transferred to the Department of State under Reorganization Plan No. II. The agricultural attachés remained in the Department of State until 1954, when they were returned by Act of Congress to
3444-616: The Foreign Service, and the latter to manage the examination process. In 1927, Congress passed legislation affording diplomatic status to representatives abroad of the Department of Commerce (until then known as " trade commissioners "), creating the Foreign Commerce Service . In 1930 Congress passed similar legislation for the Department of Agriculture , creating the Foreign Agricultural Service . Though formally accorded diplomatic status , however, commercial and agricultural attachés were civil servants (not officers of
United States Foreign Service - Misplaced Pages Continue
3528-610: The French capital. Warden does not appear to have regularly associated in Paris with Myles Byrne , William Putnam McCabe or John Allen , men who had assisted Robert Emmet in his attempt to renew the United Irish insurrection with a rising in Dublin in 1803 . Byrne, however, does record in his memoirs an incident in 1820 when both he and Warden were together of assistance in Paris to the widow of Reverend William Jackson , "one of
3612-584: The Middle East) where assignments are unaccompanied. The children of Foreign Service members, sometimes called Foreign Service brats , grow up in a unique world, one that separates them, willingly or unwillingly, from their counterparts living continuously in the United States of America . While many children of Foreign Service members become very well developed, are able to form friendships easily, are skilled at moving frequently, and enjoy international travel, other children have extreme difficulty adapting to
3696-403: The President's wife. Further support was offered by the network United Irish exiles, among them Thomas Addis Emmet , William MacNeven , William Sinclair and John Chambers, and on other Ulster Presbyterian immigrants who had been significant to Democratic-Republican electoral successes in major eastern cities. In August 1811 Warden returned to Paris as Consul. A year later, Madison added
3780-706: The Service, including furtherance of the objectives of maximum compatibility among agencies authorized by law to utilize the Foreign Service personnel system and compatibility between the Foreign Service personnel system and the other personnel systems of the Government." The Foreign Service Act, 22 U.S.C. § 3903 et seq . , defines the following members of the Foreign Service: Additionally, diplomats in residence are senior Foreign Service officers who act as recruiters for
3864-521: The United States Foreign Service. They operate in designated regions and hold honorary positions in local universities. While employees of the Department of State make up the largest portion of the Foreign Service, the Foreign Service Act of 1980 authorizes other U.S. government agencies to use the personnel system for positions that require service abroad. These include the Department of Commerce ( Foreign Commercial Service ),
3948-693: The United States he had shared articles from Irish journals, including the Belfast Monthly Magazine produced by the initiator of the United Irish movement, William Drennan . Although he contemplated writing a history of the United Irishmen, after the diplomatic restraint of U. S. Service Warden no longer seemed engaged with Ireland politically. His papers reveal encounters with visiting Irish writers, among them John Banim , Maria Edgeworth and Thomas Moore . The circle they suggest, however, does not include Irish political exiles in
4032-521: The United States in 1831. His Democracy in America may owe something to Warden's perceptions. It is possible that they also discussed Ireland from which de Tocqueville was to report in 1835, finding conditions for the majority not at all improved from those against which Warden had revolted forty years before. Warden himself never returned to Ireland, although others who left under the same circumstances as himself did so with relative impunity. When in
4116-484: The United States, Jefferson (to whom Warden continued to send political reports from Paris) interceded with his successor in the White House , James Madison . He described Warden as "a perfectly good humored, inoffensive man, a man of science and I observe a great favorite of those of Paris… ". Warden was also favoured by Eliza Parke Curtis, granddaughter of George Washington and a close friend of Dolly Madison ,
4200-659: The United States. From America, Warden was pseudonymously to write A Narrative of the Principal Proceedings of the Republican Army of the County of Down . The account was sent to Ireland where the authorities made some effort to intercept it. Before sailing for America, Warden applied to the Presbytery of Bangor for a certificate of his licence to preach. He was informed that "the Presbytery from motion of prudence unanimously refused to grant it". In
4284-515: The assignment to countries with inadequate health care systems, and potential exposure to violence, civil unrest and warfare. Attacks on US embassies and consulates around the world—Beirut, Islamabad, Belgrade, Nairobi, Dar es Salaam , Baghdad, Kabul, and Benghazi, among others—underscore the dangers faced. Foreign Service personnel stationed in nations with inadequate public infrastructure also face greater risk of injury or death due to fire, traffic accidents, and natural disasters. For instance, an FSO
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#17327758896794368-501: The ban on HIV-positive applicants would not survive a lawsuit challenging it. Once an applicant passes the security and medical clearances, as well as the Final Review Panel, they are placed on the register of eligible hires, ranked according to the score that they received in the oral assessment/FSOA. There are factors that can increase a candidate's score, such as foreign language proficiency or veteran's preference . Once
4452-436: The black colour of the negro was sufficient excuse ... to treat him worse than a brute". But Grégoire had "proven by facts, that blacks not only possess talents, but also those nobler virtues that elevate man in the scale of being" so that for the loss of their liberty there can be no just argument or compensation. From Glasgow University Warden recalled the insistence of his teacher, John Millar , that any bargain entered into at
4536-480: The bulk of their careers abroad and were commissioned officers of the United States, available for worldwide service. Reserve officers often spent the bulk of their careers in Washington but were available for overseas service. Foreign Service staff personnel included clerical and support positions. The intent of this system was to remove the distinction between Foreign Service and civil service staff, which had been
4620-426: The candidate's specific career track, they may also require eligibility for a top secret sensitive compartmented information (TS/SCI) clearance. Once a candidate's clearance information has been obtained, a final suitability review decides if this candidate is appropriate for employment in the Foreign Service. If so, the candidate's name is moved to the register. Failure to obtain any of these clearances can result in
4704-584: The corruption of diplomatic service by the "avaricious" spirit of commerce and condemned slavery. Warden continued in Paris as an academician, widely recognised for his pioneering and encyclopaedic contributions to the understanding of international law, and of the geography, history and government of the Americas . Warden was born in 1772 in the townland of Ballycastle near Newtownards in County Down , Ireland. His father (Robert Warden; m. Elizabeth Bailie)
4788-455: The cost of liberty is unequal and "ought to be broken". Remaining in France, in 1813 Warden published his first book, On the Origin, Nature, Progress and Influence of Consular Establishments . It circulated widely in diplomatic circles, and has been classed as a "pioneering" contribution to "the emergence of doctrinal views and a specialist literature on international law". Warden protested
4872-610: The department rotates FSOs every two to three years to avoid it. During the Nixon administration, the State Department's Global Outlook Program (GLOP) attempted to combat clientitis by transferring FSOs to regions outside their area of specialization. Robert D. Kaplan writes that the problem "became particularly prevalent" among American diplomats in the Middle East because the investment of time needed to learn Arabic and
4956-593: The description of Autograph letter signed : Paris, to Noah Webster, 1829 Sept. 17. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 270659525 Author, book collector, and diplomat. From the description of Papers of David Bailie Warden, 1800–1843. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 79455374 David Bailie Warden was a diplomat and teacher, and was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1809. From the description of Papers, 1797–1851. (American Philosophical Society Library). WorldCat record id: 154298257 From
5040-410: The diplomatic and consular services of the government into the Foreign Service. An extremely difficult Foreign Service examination was also implemented to recruit the most outstanding Americans, along with a merit-based system of promotions. The Rogers Act also created the Board of the Foreign Service and the Board of Examiners of the Foreign Service, the former to advise the secretary of state on managing
5124-413: The director general was designated by the secretary of state . The first director general, Selden Chapin , held the position for less than six months before being replaced by Christian M. Ravndal , who held the position until June 1949. Both men were career FSOs. Beginning on November 23, 1975, under a departmental administrative action, the director general has concurrently held the title of director of
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#17327758896795208-527: The duties of “Agent of American Prize-causes”: Warden was to assist with deluge of claims from American shippers, merchants and insurers arising from the zealous enforcement at sea of the Napoleon's Continental System of embargo against Britain. Warden found the new ambassador, Joel Barlow , more sympathetic: Barlow had lived in Paris under the Republic and had been a friend of Thomas Paine . When, at
5292-437: The end of 1812, Barlow unexpectedly died, Warden succeeded in having himself recognised by the French foreign minister, the duc de Bassano , as American "consul general". The arrogation of office did not sit well with rivals in the service, or with the incoming ambassador. William H. Crawford found himself having to contend with a subordinate who dined with de Bassano, socialised with Empress Joséphine and attended theatre with
5376-542: The first martyrs to the independence of his native land" (Jackson had been executed as a French agent in Dublin following contact with Tone in 1794). On the title pages of his published works, Warden credited himself as a corresponding member of the Belfast Literary Society . The society avoided political topics: Warden was elected in recognition of on an American journal he had kept on weather, disease, and meteorological phenomena. Warden did maintain
5460-471: The large number of diplomatic postings where it was spoken meant diplomats could spend their entire career in a single region. Diplomatic service Diplomatic service is the body of diplomats and foreign policy officers maintained by the government of a country to communicate with the governments of other countries. Diplomatic personnel obtain diplomatic immunity when they are accredited to other countries. Diplomatic services are often part of
5544-548: The larger civil service and sometimes a constituent part of the foreign ministry . Some intergovernmental organizations, such as the European Union , and some international non-state organizations, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta , may also retain diplomatic services in other jurisdictions. For non-state organizations, the reciprocation of diplomatic recognition by other jurisdictions
5628-420: The needs of the service, and historically it has occasionally been necessary for the department to make directed assignments to a particular post in order to fulfill the government's diplomatic requirements. This is not the norm, however, as many Foreign Service employees have volunteered to serve even at extreme hardship posts, including, most recently, Iraq and Afghanistan. FSOs must also agree to publicly support
5712-483: The officer has come to view the officials and government workers of the host country government as the persons he is serving. Former USUN ambassador and White House national security advisor John Bolton has used this term repeatedly to describe the mindset within the culture of the US State Department . The State Department's training for newly appointed ambassadors warns of the danger of clientitis, and
5796-410: The policies of the United States government. The State Department maintains a Family Liaison Office to assist diplomats, including members of the Foreign Service and their families, in dealing with the unique issues of life as a U.S. diplomat, including the extended family separations that are usually required when an employee is sent to a danger post. Clientitis (also called clientism or localitis)
5880-573: The previous thirty-eight years. He had not married and was without family. He was a close (but not it appears intimate) friend of Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte , Napoleon's one-time American sister-in-law. He was of practical assistance to the socialite when, after Napoleon's final exile in 1815, she arrived in Paris in the hope of yet finding advantage in her dissolved marriage to Jerome Bonaparte . In Warden's papers, she appears, next to Alexander von Humboldt as one of his most persistent correspondents. American diplomat, author, and book-collector. From
5964-402: The prospects for reform under the British Crown , the society resolved to secure a national and representative government by insurrection. When the call to arms came in County Down, on 7 June 1798, Warden had been hastily commissioned as a local commander to replace the United Irish veteran William Steel Dickson caught up, with most of the county leadership, in a government dragnet. Following
6048-454: The rank of Career Minister, accorded to the most senior officers of the service, and established mandatory retirement ages. The new personnel management approach was not wholly successful, which led to an effort in the late 1970s to overhaul the 1946 act. During drafting of this act, Congress chose to move the commercial attachés back to Commerce while preserving their status as Foreign Service officers , and to include agricultural attachés of
6132-603: The register is only relevant within each candidate's career field. Successful candidates from the register will receive offers of employment to join a Foreign Service class. Generalists and specialists attend separate orientation classes. Generalist candidates who receive official offers of employment must attend a six-week training/orientation course known as A-100 at the Foreign Service Institute (FSI) in Arlington, Virginia. Specialist orientation at FSI
6216-407: The republican character of Americans had been tarnished by the "insatiable and indiscriminate pursuit of objects of traffic". [U]nfortunately, the opinion, however ill-founded, is almost universal that every American is more or less engaged in foreign or domestic trade or barter; and the noble and independent spirit of the country is believed to be avaricious and commercial. It was many years before
6300-454: The shrine of commerce, the ruling powers of different countries have sacrificed the most solemn principles, and individuals, by a sort of Circean enchantment, have been transformed into monsters divested of everything that constitutes the social man. Nothing can be conceived more mean, selfish or contracted, than the mind of a person whose sentiments and thoughts are regulated by the balance of profit and loss. He regretted, in particular, that
6384-655: The six-year limit for medical reasons, to enable children to complete high school, etc.; the eight year limit is difficult to pierce and is reserved for those who are deemed "critical to the service" and for those persons at the deputy assistant secretary level). By law, however, Foreign Service personnel must go abroad after ten years of domestic service. The difficulties and the benefits associated with working abroad are many, especially in relation to family life. Dependent family members generally accompany Foreign Service employees overseas. This has become more difficult in regions marked by conflict and upheaval (currently many posts in
6468-691: The specialties are, applications vary. Candidates are asked to rate their own levels of experience, citing examples and references who can verify these claims. The applicant's entire package (including their personal narratives) is then reviewed by the Qualifications Evaluation Panel (QEP). In July 2022, the State Department eliminated the minimum passing score for the FSOT; the QEP now uses a holistic approach to candidate evaluation, scoring "each candidate based on educational and work background, responses to personal narrative questions, and
6552-428: The tendency of American merchants to regard his consular services as an extension of their own network of foreign correspondents and factors; as a device for recovering losses and gaining competitive advantage but without the corresponding costs of commission. The fixation with commerce was in general to be regretted. Instead of "softening" animosities, commerce had become a source of international and social division. At
6636-423: The vast majority of cases drawn from the Department of State, with a far smaller sub-set drawn from the ranks of USAID mission directors. The total number of Foreign Service members, excluding Foreign Service nationals, from all Foreign Service agencies (State, USAID, etc.) is about 15,600. This includes: The process of being employed in the Foreign Service is different for each of the five categories as defined in
6720-640: The volumes on North and South America in 1821. These ran to ten volumes and were written over thirteen years. In a "biographical sketch" of Warden's years in Paris published by the Institut Francais de Washington, Francis C. Haber described him as "America's cultural ambassador". Warden was "among the active core" of the Société de géographie . With Edmé-François Jomard (an engineer-geographer in Napoleon's scientific expedition to Egypt in 1798 ), he
6804-471: Was a tenant of the Marquess of Londonderry , whose son Robert Stewart, the future Lord Castlreagh , fatefully for Warden, was to become Chief Secretary for Ireland . Warden attended Bangor Academy and Glasgow University . At Glasgow, he was awarded a Master of Arts in 1797 with a prize for natural philosophy and a certificate in midwifery . While he was to retain his interest in medicine, Warden accepted
6888-419: Was an arrangement challenged in the first professional survey of the service, David Baillie Warden 's pioneering work On the Origin, Nature, Progress and Influence of Consular Establishments (1813). As acting consul in Paris, Warden had found himself being treated by American merchants as no more than a hireling agent. In 1856, Congress provided a salary for consuls serving at certain posts; those who received
6972-487: Was behind the society's patronage of studies of Mesoamerica . Their terms for a competition for the best new work on "American antiquities", including maps "constructed according to exact methods" and "observations on the mores and customs of the indigenous peoples, and vocabularies of the ancient languages". extended decades-old scientific practices to a new field of anthropological inquiry. Alexis de Tocqueville visited Warden in Paris before embarking on his travels in
7056-408: Was one of the first identified victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake . For members of the Foreign Service, maintaining a personal life outside of work can be exceptionally difficult. In addition to espionage, there is also the danger of personnel using their position illegally for financial gain. The most frequent kind of illegal abuse of an official position concerns consular officers. There have been
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