The Untertorbrücke ( German : Lower Gate Bridge ) is a stone arch bridge that spans the Aare at the easternmost point of the Enge peninsula in the city of Bern , Switzerland , connecting the Mattequartier in the Old City to the Schosshalde neighbourhood. Built in its current form in 1461–89, it is the oldest of Bern's Aare bridges , and was the city's only bridge up until the middle of the 19th century. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance .
17-449: The need for a river crossing became urgent soon after the founding of Bern in 1191. The young city-state's first attempt at building a wooden bridge over the Aare triggered a war with Count Hartmann of the powerful House of Kyburg that controlled the territory east of the Aare. Thanks to a peace mediated by Savoy , the first Untertorbrücke could be completed in 1256. In 1288, it survived
34-1274: A Hong Kong judge born in Mumbai Michael Hartmann (politician) (born 1963), German politician Michael J. Hartmann , Hong Kong Judge Otto Hartmann (aviator) (1889-1917), German World War I flying ace Robert Hartmann (advisor) (1917–2008), counselor to President Gerald Ford Sebastian Hartmann (born 1977), German politician Thomas W. Hartmann , American military lawyer and director of Guantanamo Bay detention camp Verena Hartmann (born 1974), German politician Economic [ edit ] Gustav Hartmann, son of Richard Hartmann (1842–1910), Saxonian engineering manufacturer and manager Richard Hartmann (1809–1878), German engineering manufacturer, "locomotive king of Saxony" Sport [ edit ] Gerhard Hartmann (born 1955), Austrian long-distance runner Karel Hartmann , Czech ice hockey player and official Robert Hartmann (referee) (born 1979) Waldemar Hartmann , (1948), German sports journalist Other people [ edit ] Hartmann Schedel of Nuremberg (1440–1514), German physician, humanist, historian, cartographer and printer Fictional characters [ edit ] Erica Hartmann,
51-466: A character from the anime/manga series Strike Witches Ursula Hartmann, a character from the anime/manga series Strike Witches Gunnery Sergeant Hartmann, a character from Stanley Kubrick 's movie Full Metal Jacket Henri Hartmann, a character from a DnD campaign Halls of Ivy See also [ edit ] Hartmann (disambiguation) Hartman , anglicized form of Hartmann [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
68-450: A heavy attack during King Rudolph of Habsburg 's second siege of Bern. The bridge was built from oak wood and is believed to have been at least partially covered . It was protected by a fortified tower to the east, carried a guard house in its center and may also have been built over with other houses or shacks. A 1460 flood of the Aare caused severe damage to the bridge, and the city government decided to rebuild it in stone, requesting
85-999: A suffix meaning "man", "person", or "husband". The name Hartman , distinguished by ending with a single "n", is generally the result of the anglicisation of names that occurred with the emigration of persons from German-speaking to anglophone nations in the 18th, 19th and early 20th century. Below is a list of notable individuals and fictional characters with the surname or given name of Hartmann . Arts and media [ edit ] Hartmann von Aue (c. 1170 – c. 1210) German poet Lukas Hartmann (1944), Swiss novelist and children's literature writer Moritz Hartmann (1821–1872), Bohemian-Austrian Jewish poet Oluf Hartmann (1879–1910), Danish painter Petra Hartmann (born 1970), German author and literature scientist Sadakichi Hartmann (1867–1944), German-Japanese art critic long resident in America Sieglinde Hartmann (born 1954), German medievalist, expert on
102-557: The surname Hartmann . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. References [ edit ] Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hartmann&oldid=1236416379 " Categories : Surnames German-language surnames Surnames of Jewish origin Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
119-512: The 1820s. At the eastern bridgehead, the two-lane road bends to the south where it once passed beneath the former guard tower. The stones of the three slender tuff arches date back to the construction period, while the Neo-Gothic wrought-iron railing was installed in 1819. The state of the superstructure largely reflects that of the early 19th century. The cobbled roadbed, which carries two lanes amenable to motor traffic as well as sidewalks,
136-482: The Hartmann crater Robert Hartmann (naturalist) (1832–1893), German naturalist, anatomist and ethnographer Peter E. Hartmann , Australian scientist, co-winner of the 2010 Rank Prize for Nutrition William Kenneth Hartmann , planetary scientist William M. Hartmann , American acoustician and physicist Philosophy [ edit ] Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann (1842–1906), German philosopher of
153-502: The access roads. Up until the 1750s, the bridge's fortifications were repeatedly improved. The parapet was strengthened with crenellated stone walls in 1517, and the northern parapet was expanded to a covered battlement with a double layer of embrasures in 1625–1630. In the 18th century, the medieval fortifications of the Untertorbrücke had lost their military value and increasingly became an obstacle to traffic. In 1757,
170-399: The bridge was thoroughly renovated and a competition was held for a remodeling of the bridge and its surroundings. The city councils, however, rejected all the fanciful plans that were submitted and settled on a cheaper option: all fortifications, including battlements and pillar gates, were removed and new decorative gates were built at the bridgeheads, including a baroque triumphal arch at
187-399: The eastern end. From 1818 on, more changes were made to the bridge's superstructure. The sandstone parapets were replaced with iron railings, the inner gate (now isolated) was removed and the eastern moat was filled with earth, obviating the outer drawbridge. The last substantial change to the bridge's appearance was made in 1864, when the eastern gate was pulled down because it inconvenienced
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#1732776521564204-753: The medieval poet Oswald von Wolkenstein Tatjana Saphira Hartmann (born 1997), Indonesian actress, model, singer Thom Hartmann (born 1951), American radio host, author and commentator Viktor Hartmann (1834–1873), Russian architect and painter Bodil Neergaard née Hartmann (1867–1959), Danish estate owner, philanthropist and memoirist. Music [ edit ] Emil Hartmann (1836–1898), Danish composer, eldest son of Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann and brother-in-law to Niels Gade and August Winding Erich Hartmann (1920–2020), German double bass player and composer Georges Hartmann (1843–1900), French music publisher and librettist under
221-1315: The pen name Henri Grémont Hartmann von An der Lan-Hochbrunn (Father Hartmann) (1863–1914), Austrian composer Johan Peter Emilius Hartmann (1805–1900), Danish composer and organist John Hartmann (1830–1897), bandmaster to the Duke of Cambridge, Prussian brass composer Karl Amadeus Hartmann (1905–1963), German composer Oliver Hartmann (born 1970), German metal vocalist, songwriter, and producer Thomas de Hartmann (1885–1956), Russian composer and associate of George Ivanovitch Gurdjieff Science and medicine [ edit ] Ernst Hartmann (1915–1992), German medical doctor, author and publicist Franz Hartmann (1838–1912), German medical doctor and Theosophist Heidrun Hartmann (1942–2016), German botanist Heinz Hartmann (1894–1970), Viennese psychoanalyst, developer of Ego Psychology Henri Albert Hartmann (1860–1952), French surgeon Jutta Hartmann (1963), German academic and professor of pedagogy and social work Johann Daniel Wilhelm Hartmann , (1793–1862) Swiss malacologist Johannes Hartmann (1568–1631), German chemist Johannes Franz Hartmann (1865–1936), German astronomer active in Argentina and namesake of
238-523: The residents of the medieval guard tower , the Felsenburg , which had since been converted for residential purposes. In its current form, the bridge is reduced to the medieval construction core, with no traces of the once extensive system of fortifications or imposing baroque gates remaining. The two great piers, whose unequal strength recalls the stronger build of the former eastern pier gate, are built of sandstone and are faced by granite slabs from
255-525: The services of a work master from Zürich who had then recently completed a bridge over the Limmat in Baden . The piers appear to have been complete and the bridge largely usable by March 1467, when the bridge chapel was consecrated. The construction was then halted because of massive cost overruns and intermittent wars. It resumed in 1484–87 with the completion of the fortifications, the bridgehead drawbridge and
272-661: The unconscious Nicolai Hartmann (1882–1950), German philosopher Stephan Hartmann (born 1968), German philosopher State: military, government, religion [ edit ] André Frédéric Hartmann (1772–1861), French manufacturer and politician Erich Hartmann (1922–1993), German fighter ace Ernst Hartmann (1897–1945), German SS-Brigadeführer Felix von Hartmann (1851–1919), Cardinal Archbishop of Köln Jakob von Hartmann , (1795–1873), Bavarian general Heidi Hartmann (born 1945) American feminist economist Ludo Moritz Hartmann , Austrian Jewish historian and statesman Michael Hartmann (judge) (born 1944),
289-546: Was replaced in the bridge's last thorough renovation in 1979–81. Hartmann This article is about the surname and given name. For other uses, see Hartmann (disambiguation) . Hartmann is a German surname . It is less frequently used as a male given name . The name originates from the Germanic word, "hart", which translates in English to "hardy", "hard", or "tough" and " Mann ",
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