Economic reconstruction is a process for creating a proactive vision of economic change. The most basic idea is that problems in the economy , such as deindustrialization , environmental decay , outsourcing , industrial incompetence , poverty and addiction to a permanent war economy are based on the design and organization of economic institutions. Economic reconstruction builds on the ideas of various institutional economists and thinkers whose work both critiques existing economic institutions and suggests modes of organizing society differently (cf. Veblen, 1998). Economic reconstruction, however, places much more emphasis on the idea of alternative plans and alternative organization.
22-519: United Nations Transitional Authority may refer to: United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia , a peacekeeping operation 1992–93 United Nations Transitional Authority, a fictional organisation in the Mars trilogy by Kim Stanley Robinson Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
44-414: A key challenge is to promote economic democracy, through concrete institutions and actions such as cooperatives, worker participation and control, employee ownership plans, socially responsible firms, community procurement, and various initiatives to organize the economy on a decentralized basis. In many cases, federations among local cooperatives or networks of such firms may prove essential to move beyond
66-660: A new constitution and to "kick-start" the rehabilitation of the country. It was to exercise 'supervision' or 'supervision or control' over all aspects of government, including foreign affairs, national defence, finance, public security and information, and to supervise, monitor and verify the withdrawal and non-return of foreign military forces. Its mission was also to canton, disarm and demobilize Cambodia's fighting factions, confiscate caches of weapons and military supplies, promote and protect human rights, oversee military security and maintain law and order, repatriate and resettle refugees and displaced persons, assist in mine clearance and
88-500: A spike in the prevalence of HIV/AIDS by introducing the virus from other affected countries. The number of sex workers in the State of Cambodia rose from about 6,000 in 1991, to over 20,000 after the arrival of UNTAC personnel in 1992. By 1995 there were between 50,000 and 90,000 Cambodians affected by AIDS according to a WHO estimate. Economic reconstruction The need for reconstruction occurs as fundamental problems plague
110-448: Is that many of these plans lack operational details related to how alternative institutions would actually be designed. These details are essential for creating operational plans and actions. In addition, economic reconstruction is not limited to a specific challenge such as capitalism, but must also address other challenges, i.e. militarism, environmental decay, the sexual and ethnic division of labor, etc. A goal of economic reconstruction
132-619: The Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party, respectively. FUNCINPEC then entered into a coalition with the other parties that had participated in the election. The parties represented in the 120-member assembly proceeded to draft and approve a new constitution, which was promulgated 24 September 1993. It established a multiparty liberal democracy in the framework of a constitutional monarchy, with the former Prince Sihanouk elevated to King. Prince Ranariddh and Hun Sen became First and Second Prime Ministers, respectively, in
154-591: The Khmer Rouge. Over 4 million Cambodians (about 90% of eligible voters) participated in the May 1993 elections , although the Khmer Rouge or Party of Democratic Kampuchea (PDK), whose forces were never actually disarmed or demobilised, barred some people from participating. Prince Ranariddh 's FUNCINPEC Party was the top vote recipient with a 45.5% vote, followed by Hun Sen 's Cambodian People's Party and
176-538: The Paris Peace Accords of October 1991. UNTAC was the product of intense diplomatic activity over many years. Headed by Chief of Mission Yasushi Akashi (Japan), Force Commander Lieutenant-General John Sanderson (Australia), and Police Commissioner Brigadier-General Klaas Roos (Netherlands), UNTAC involved approximately 15,900 military, 3,400 civilian police, 2,000 civilians and 450 UN volunteers, as well as locally recruited staff and interpreters. During
198-537: The Royal Cambodian Government (RGC). The constitution provides for a wide range of internationally recognised human rights. The 46 participating countries providing military observers, police, or troops were: Norodom Sihanouk had reservations about the UNTAC operation. The massive presence of foreign troops led to the abuse of some Cambodian women, boosting prostitution and possibly driving
220-509: The area. The UN transitional authority organized and ran elections , had its own radio station and jail, and was responsible for promoting and safeguarding human rights at the national level. UNTAC was established in February 1992 under United Nations Security Council Resolution 745 in agreement with the State of Cambodia , the de facto government of the country at that time, to implement
242-463: The contemporary organization of the economic, political, and even "oppositional" spheres, such as the contemporary organization of social movements . These spheres each tend to support short-term solutions that do not leave in their wake the organization of resources and power in a way that is responsive to citizen needs. Power , democracy and critical alternatives are not linked. In contrast to this state of affairs, economic reconstruction supports
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#1732766281805264-641: The creation of new institutions and the redesign of old ones. The basic idea is to create a new way to organize the economy and society so that institutions work for, rather than against, peoples' interests and needs. The first generation of economic reconstructionists included Thorstein Veblen and John Dewey . The second generation included Lewis Mumford . The third generation included Seymour Melman , Percival Goodman and Paul Goodman . Key reconstructionists today include Barry Commoner , Gar Alperovitz and Marcus Raskin . Key figures whose work informs
286-492: The critique of contemporary society found in the work of economic reconstructionists include Stanley Aronowitz (in his writings about social movements, the state, universities and culture), Noam Chomsky in his writings about anarchist cooperatives and democracy, and John Kenneth Galbraith (in his writings about the economy and economists). Another important figure is Simone Weil whose writings about problems or limits attached to militarism, social science atomization, Marxism,
308-424: The economy and political parties all resonate with an economic reconstruction agenda. Advocates of economic reconstruction advocate fundamental change related to key social problems related to environmental decay, militarism , parasitic globalization , unemployment and depressed living standards based on the social organization of work. In the environment, a key challenge is redesigning "the technosphere" or
330-451: The electoral period, more than 50,000 Cambodians served as electoral staff and some 900 international polling station officers were seconded from Governments. The whole operation cost over $ 1.6 billion (equivalent to $ 2.5 billion in 2017), mostly in salaries for expatriates. UNTAC's aim was to restore peace and civil government in a country ruined by decades of civil war and Cold War machinations, to hold free and fair elections leading to
352-534: The establishment of a tribunal to try senior leaders responsible for the atrocities committed by the Khmer Rouge. Donor countries pledged the $ 43 million international share of the three-year tribunal budget, while the Cambodian government's share of the budget was $ 13.3 million. The first trials of senior Khmer Rouge leaders took place only in 2007, when many of them were already dead or in ill-health. Despite UNTAC's boasting of its effectiveness and being feted by
374-559: The establishment of training programmes in mine clearance and mine awareness, rehabilitate essential infrastructure and assist in economic reconstruction and development. Another important goal was the trial of senior Khmer Rouge leaders . The process that was initiated during the UNTAC led on 4 October 2004, to the ratification of an agreement with the United Nations by the Cambodian National Assembly on
396-526: The international community as a success, UNTAC failed to disarm the Khmer Rouge , while effectively disarming the SOC's local militias. This bias allowed the Khmer Rouge to make territorial gains and gave rise to political violence. The State of Cambodia's military leaders were furious, claiming that UNTAC was extremely exacting with the disarmament of the CPAF , but too lenient and ineffective when it came to disarm
418-587: The problem of "economic democracy in one firm." Economic reconstruction also extends to the ways in which housing or communities and media are organized. By reducing dependency on the automobile, by linking work and residence, we can limit the problems creating by congestion, pollution and commuting (particularly those problems based on petroleum based automobile transportation. Some may argue that economic reconstruction can be reduced to socialism or economic democracy itself or perhaps principles found in various anarchist or radical writings. The problem, however,
440-719: The title United Nations Transitional Authority . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Nations_Transitional_Authority&oldid=960564686 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia The United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia ( UNTAC )
462-402: The ways in which the means of production, transportation and distribution are designed on a relatively unsustainable basis. When it comes to militarism, the key challenge is to support a demilitarized society through economic conversion , disarmament , alternative security, military budget reductions and related social innovations. When it comes to unemployment and depressed living standards,
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#1732766281805484-521: Was a United Nations peacekeeping operation in Cambodia in 1992–93 formed following the 1991 Paris Peace Accords . This was the first occasion in which the UN directly assumed responsibility for the administration of an outright independent state (though the UN did administer the former Dutch territory of Netherlands New Guinea between 1962 and 1963 prior), rather than simply monitoring or supervising
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