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51-464: The university has two main campuses: Campus San Pedro , that is in San Pedro, San José , in the central area of private and state universities; and Campus Heredia (former Universidad Interamericana de Costa Rica ) which is in the city of Heredia . The university has 6 regional offices throughout Costa Rica: Grecia, Cañas, Santa Cruz, Guápiles, Pérez Zeledón and Ciudad Neily. In October of 2020

102-541: A city government. It was not until the enactment of the Constitution of Cádiz in 1812 that San José had its first city government. On 18 October 1813, the area was first defined as a city by presbyter Florencio del Castillo, on behalf of the Spanish government, a title which was then lost in 1814 when Ferdinand VII of Spain annulled the proceedings of the courts. The municipal government was restored in 1820 along with

153-610: A million people pass through it daily. It is home to the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica , the National Theatre of Costa Rica , and La Sabana Metropolitan Park . Juan Santamaría International Airport serves the city. San José is notable among Latin American cities for its high quality of life, security, level of globalization, environmental performance, public service, and recognized institutions. In 2012, San José

204-401: A number of theaters, many with European-inspired architecture. These buildings serve as the city's main tourist attractions, not only because of their architecture, but because of the cultural, musical, and artistic presentations and activities, which include traditional and modern Costa Rican and San Josefinan culture. The most well-known are: The National Theater of Costa Rica (considered

255-605: A variety of medical devices. Alajuela is an important transport hub for the country, connecting the capital city of San José with northwestern Costa Rica. As a part of the Greater Metropolitan Area , most of the inhabitants of Alajuela work in other cities or regions of the Central Valley, and every day receives residents from other locations to work in local factories. Central America's second busiest airport , Juan Santamaría International Airport ,

306-729: Is Deportivo Saprissa , which has won a record 36 league titles. The team plays its home games at the Estadio Ricardo Saprissa Aymá , which is located in Tibas . Another top-level club, Universidad , plays at the Estadio Ecológico. San José hosted the 2015 FIBA COCABA Championship , where the Costa Rica national basketball team finished 2nd. Playground was the Gimnasio Nacional . San José

357-660: Is twinned with: Alajuela Alajuela ( Spanish pronunciation: [alaˈxwela] ) is a district in the Alajuela canton of the Alajuela Province of Costa Rica . As the seat of the Municipality of Alajuela canton, it is awarded the status of city. By virtue of being the city of the first canton of the province, it is also the capital of the Province of Alajuela. Because of its location in

408-452: Is Costa Rica's seat of national government, focal point of political and economic activity, and major transportation hub. San José is simultaneously one of Costa Rica's cantons , with its municipal land area covering 44.62 square kilometers (17.23 square miles) and having within it an estimated population of 352,381 people in 2022. Together with several other cantons of the central valley, including Alajuela , Heredia and Cartago , it forms

459-560: Is a significant destination and stopover for foreign visitors. San José exerts a strong influence because of its proximity to other cities ( Alajuela , Heredia and Cartago ) and the country's demographic assemblage in the Central Valley. The borders of San José city, as defined in the Administrative Territorial Division and stipulated in the Executive Decree 11562 of 27 May 1980, assign

510-780: Is also host to various museums. These museums allow visitors to view Costa Rican history, scientific discoveries, pre-Columbian era culture and art, as well as modern Costa Rican art. The city is also host to the nation's museum of gold and museum of jade. Some of the city's main museums are: San José is home to many parks and squares (plazas in Spanish); where one can find gazebos, open green areas, recreational areas, lakes, fountains, statues and sculptures by Costa Rican artists and many different bird, tree and plant species. The city's primary parks include: Plazas , or town squares , are very prominent across San José's districts. San José has several internal transportation networks that connect

561-706: Is generally not spicy. Throughout San José, the most popular food is the national dish of gallo pinto ("painted chicken"), which is black beans served with white rice. Gallo pinto is usually served for breakfast with tortillas and natilla , a thin sour cream. Costa Rican restaurants serving traditional food at an affordable price are called sodas and usually offer substantial casados for lunch and dinner. A casado (meaning "married" or "married man" in Spanish) consists of rice, beans, and meat, with cabbage-and-tomato salad, fried plantains, and tortillas. San José Central Market , in downtown San José, has numerous food markets and sodas. The city's major football club

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612-663: Is in charge of all of Costa Rica's railways. In 2004, this institution began work on the establishment of an inter-urban railway network. This network would connect Tibás, Heredia, San Antonio de Belén, Pavas, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, Sabanilla, and Curridabat, among other locations. There are plans to expand this inter-urban railway system into Cartago, Alajuela, and the Juan Santamaría International Airport. Trains run to Heredia from Estación Atlantico and San Antonio de Belen and from Estación Pacifico . San José public taxi services complement

663-478: Is located in the Central Valley , 19 kilometres northwest of San José . The climate is tropical , typical of the Central Valley, but slightly warmer than San José. Temperatures are moderate, averaging 23–26 degrees Celsius (73–79 degrees Fahrenheit) with a low humidity level, with dewpoints around 20 (68 °F) almost all year round. Alajuela and its surroundings are famed for having "the best weather in

714-438: Is three kilometers south of the district center. The district is covered by the following road routes: The Interurbano Line operated by Incofer goes through this district. Liga Deportiva Alajuelense is the province's major football club, having won 30 league titles. The club has a historical rivalry with Deportivo Saprissa , both popularly viewed as the two best football clubs of Costa Rica. They play their home games at

765-521: Is undergoing a modernization plan, which is expected to be brief. The previous remodeling done to the airport cost around $ 7 million. Another important airport in San José is Tobías Bolaños International Airport ( IATA : SYQ , ICAO : MRPV ). It is located 8 km (5 mi) north-west of the city proper and 11 km (7 mi) south-east of Juan Santamaría International Airport. Costa Rican cuisine, called comida típica ("traditional food"),

816-508: The Costa Rican Central Valley , Alajuela is nowadays part of the conurbation of the Greater Metropolitan Area . The city is the birthplace of Juan Santamaría , the national hero of Costa Rica and the figure who gives the name to the country's main international airport , which is south of Alajuela downtown. Alajuela has an area of 8.89 km (3.43 sq mi) and an elevation of 952 metres (3,123 ft). It

867-639: The 'Latina de Costa Rica' to form the new 'Universidad Latina de Costa Rica'. Universidad Latina de Costa Rica enrolls approximately 19,000 undergraduate and 2,000 graduate students. For undergraduate levels, students must have a High School Diploma granted by passing the national examinations by the MEP or its equivalent before enrolling. (Latin University of Costa Rica does not have an entrance examination.) The university offers bachelor , licentiate , master and doctorate degrees. The geographical coverage of

918-595: The Autonomous University of Central America (UACA), Costa Rica's oldest private higher learning institution. The collegium separated from UACA ten years after its foundation, becoming a separate university. On November 29, 1989, it was recognized as a university of higher education by the National Council of Higher Education Private University (CONESUP) in the session 146-89. Since then the university has been known for its academic commitment at

969-539: The Universidad Latina and Arizona State University (ASU) formed a partnership creating ULatina/ASU Dual Degrees, other aspects of this partnership include both online or at the ASU Campus opportunities, implementing English in all their programs, access to ASU faculty student and faculty abroad, and much more. Universidad Latina de Costa Rica was founded in 1979 as the “Collegium Latinum”, being part of

1020-425: The borders of San José canton except an East sector of Uruca district. Therefore the city is composed of the totality of the districts of Carmen , Merced , Hospital , Catedral , Zapote , San Francisco de Dos Ríos , Mata Redonda , Pavas , Hatillo , San Sebastián and partially of Uruca district. For the 2022 population estimate, San José had a population of 352,381 inhabitants, more than any other canton in

1071-490: The canton had 0.92 men per woman, a small change from 0.90 men per woman in 2011. In 2000, the province had 100% of urban population. 17.33% of its inhabitants are under ten, and 7.67% are over 65. According to Costa Rica's Municipal Code , mayors are elected every four years by the population of the canton. As of the latest municipal elections in 2024 , the Together San José candidate, Luis Diego Miranda Méndez,

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1122-501: The central core of the city going from west to east. On 27 September 2012, San José disclosed plans to install its first street signs, about 22,000 signs and plaques. It is estimated that the lack of proper street names for directions causes the loss of $ 720 million a year by the Inter-American Development Bank in 2008, due to undelivered, returned or re-sent mail. The following national road routes cover

1173-401: The city districts and metropolitan area; as well as national transportation networks that connect the city to other parts of Costa Rica. San José is undergoing modernization in transportation. In February of 2011, the former mayor, Johnny Araya , along with then Costa Rican President, Laura Chinchilla , announced the establishment of an urban tramway system that will, in its first phase, cover

1224-638: The city's districts and are under the supervision of the Ministry of Public Education. Nevertheless, private institutions do exist within the city. These educational institutions range from pre-schools to universities. Most tend to be bilingual, teaching subjects in either French or English and Spanish, among other languages, apart from just teaching a certain language. San José is one of Latin America's safest cities. As of 19 June 2012, both city and nation reduced their crime indices considerably. Nationwide, crime

1275-634: The city's reputation as a storied place in Costa Rican history. The national hero Juan Santamaría, who died during the Filibuster War in 1856 to remove invaders threatening Costa Rica's sovereignty, was born in Alajuela. This historical event is celebrated and remembered every year on 11 April and it is a national holiday. The area often experiences earthquakes. The 2009 magnitude 6.1 earthquake caused several landslides. The main exports of

1326-432: The city: Private bus companies connect different areas of the city with each other and the suburbs. Services to other parts of the country are provided by other private companies which have stations or stops spread all over the city center. There are also bus services between Juan Santamaría International Airport and downtown San José. The Instituto Costarricense de Ferrocarriles , or the state-owned railway institute,

1377-424: The country and up from 288,054 people, according the 2011 census . The canton has a population density of 7,897.4/km Most of the population is distributed in the peripheral districts around the downtown (the districts of El Carmen , Merced , Hospital , and Catedral are known as casco central similar to a downtown or financial center, only 18% of the canton population inhabits these districts). In 2022,

1428-412: The country's Greater Metropolitan Area , with an estimated population of over 2 million in 2017. The city is named in honor of Joseph of Nazareth . Founded in 1736 by order of Cabildo de León , the population of San José rose during the 18th century through the use of colonial planning. It has historically been a city of strategic importance, having been the capital of Costa Rica three times. More than

1479-756: The country. The city is serviced by Juan Santamaría International Airport ( IATA : SJO , ICAO : MROC ), 23 km (14 mi) west of downtown, in the city of Alajuela , which is one of the busiest airports in Central America. In 2011, the airport was named the 3rd Best Airport in Latin America/Caribbean from the Airport Service Quality Awards by Airports Council International. In 2023, Juan Santamaría International Airport received 5.6 million passengers, most of them from international flights. The airport

1530-444: The courses offered to become the largest private university in the country. In 2005 it was acquired by Pro-Education Consortium; until June 2008 it was acquired by the network of private universities, Laureate International Universities , opening a new outlook of opportunities for university students, with a global network to continue graduate studies. Universidad Latina de Costa Rica (former Universidad Interamericana de Costa Rica )

1581-418: The driest month (6.3 mm (0.25 in)) and the wettest month (355.1 mm (13.98 in)), while average temperatures vary little. The hottest month is April with an average temperature of 23.7 °C (74.7 °F), while the coolest month is October with an average temperature of 21.8 °C (71.2 °F). Costa Rica has developed high education levels. As of 2011 97.6% of the population over 10

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1632-490: The finest historic building in the capital and known for its exquisite interior which includes its lavish Italian furnishings ) and the Melico Salazar Theater present drama, dance performances and concerts throughout the year. Nevertheless, other 'smaller' theaters can be found throughout the city and provide a large array of entertainment. El Teatro Variedades (1892) is San José's oldest theater. San José

1683-502: The first town hall of Alajuela was founded in 1813. On 18 December of the same year, the La Lajuela quarter obtained the title of town and it was renamed. It was first called "Villa Hermosa", then it was called "San Juan Nepomuceno de Alajuela" and finally the title of city was granted on 20 November 1824 and with it the name "Alajuela" which remains today. Participation in important historical events by citizens of Alajuela has ensured

1734-531: The five existing quarters then: Targuaz, Puás, Ciruelas, La Lajuela and Rio Grande, the citizens faced difficulties to maintain their religious obligations, so they requested permission to establish a parish and a public place of prayer from the Bishop of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, Monsignor don Esteban Lorenzo de Tristán. According to a motion issued in the Spanish Parliament of Cádiz on 19 May 1812,

1785-525: The modern University of Costa Rica (UCR) , during the reformist administration of President Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia. The University for Peace , an intergovernmental organization with university status, established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1980, is located in San José. The city's public education system is composed of pre-schools, elementary and high schools (from grades 7 to 11), which are located in all of

1836-559: The name of its founder, the French coffee entrepreneur Monsieur Amon , and was created in the late 19th century, in line with Belle Époque contemporary architecture. Barrio Amon, as well as the National Theatre, remain symbols of the so-called Costa Rican coffee golden age. Today San José is a modern city with bustling commerce and brisk expressions of art and architecture. Spurred by the country's improved tourism industry, it

1887-534: The owning regidor ( regidor propietario ) is absent. The current president of the Municipal Council is Together San José Party member, Mariana de los Ángeles Zúñiga Pérez, with the regidor for More San José Party, Juan Diego Gómez González, as vice president. The Municipal Council's composition for the 2024-2028 period is as follows: San José has a tropical wet and dry climate ( Köppen climate classification Aw ). Precipitation varies widely between

1938-534: The place is mentioned as La Lajuela in the Valley of Barva, near the Canoas river. In 1777, the dwellers of La Lajuela and Ciruelas, having been served with notice to move to Villa Vieja (today's Heredia), requested the provisional construction of a public place of prayer in the house of Don Dionysius Oconitrillo, of Spanish origin, 30 metres north of where Alajuela's cathedral is today. After increases of population in

1989-404: The region are coffee, sugar-cane, maize, beans, tobacco, citrus fruits, strawberries, tubers like cassava, flowers and ornamental plants. Other commercial activities include poultry farming, beekeeping, pig farming and the dairy industry. More recently, Alajuela has seen important investment in free zone parks and heavy industry companies, with a considerable number of them dedicated to manufacturing

2040-601: The title of city and in 1823 San José became the capital of Costa Rica. This makes San José one of the youngest capital cities in Latin America by year of conception. Population and economic growth were spurred by improvements in access to water and the installment of the Tobacco Factory in 1782. The accumulation of capital brought by tobacco plantations allowed the city to economically surpass neighboring provinces. The first modern urban neighborhood carries

2091-572: The university is expanded thanks to the integration of both campuses. It is present in 7 provinces with 10 regional offices, and 2 main campuses in Heredia and in San Pedro, San José. Regional offices of the Universidad Latina de Costa Rica: The Universidad Latina de Costa Rica holds six official accredited degrees that have been accredited by the National Accreditation System for Higher Education (SINAES): In August 2016,

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2142-483: The university officially presented its plan and commitment to make all degrees accredited by 2021. San Jos%C3%A9, Costa Rica San José ( Spanish: [saŋ xoˈse] ; meaning "Saint Joseph") is the capital and largest city of Costa Rica , and the capital of San José Province . It is in the center of the country, in the mid-west of the Central Valley , within San José Canton . San José

2193-488: The urban transportation network. Taxis are characterized by their red color and belong to registered cooperatives. There are other taxi services which do not belong to the registered system, there are also taxis from the airport that are usually orange. The car-sharing company Uber is active in Costa Rica and, despite repeated clashes with and strikes by taxi drivers protesting unfair competition, continues to operate in

2244-509: The world". For the 2011 census , Alajuela had a population of 42,975 inhabitants. In pre-Columbian times the land where the canton of Alajuela is today was part of the Western Huetar Kingdom , which was inhabited by native tribes, who at the time of the Spanish conquest were led by Chief Garabito . The first Spanish settlers established settlements in the region in about 1650. In a letter of obligation granted in 1764,

2295-428: Was elected mayor of the canton with 23.95% of the votes, with Yariela Franciny Quirós Álvarez and Fernando Antonio Vega Guillén as first and second vice mayors, respectively. Like the mayor and vice mayors, members of the Municipal Council (called regidores ) are elected every four years. San José's Municipal Council has 11 seats for regidores and their substitutes, who can participate in meetings but not vote unless

2346-525: Was established here in 1843. That institution maintained close ties with the Roman Catholic Church and was closed in 1888 by the progressive and anti-clerical government of President Bernardo Soto Alfaro as part of a campaign to modernize public education. The schools of law, agronomy, fine arts, and pharmacy continued to operate independently, but Costa Rica had no university proper until 1940, when those four schools were re-united to establish

2397-784: Was founded in 1986 with 28 students in Business Administration, later implementing technical careers and undergraduate levels. In 1997 the university moved to its new and current campus in Heredia . Since 2004 the school has been owned by the Laureate International Universities . In 2007, it expanded its facilities in Mercedes Tower on Paseo Colon in San Jose downtown. In 2010 the 'Universidad Interamericana de Costa Rica' merged with

2448-490: Was literate, 96% of children aged 6–11 attend primary school and 71% of students of high-school age attend high-school. The country as a whole has the highest education levels in Central America and one of the best in Latin America. This is especially true for San José, the nation's educational hub home to a large number of public and private universities. University of Santo Tomas, the first university of Costa Rica,

2499-518: Was one of the safest and least violent cities in the region. It is considered a "Beta-" global city by GaWC . San José joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016. The population of San José grew during the eighteenth-century colonization planning, which was different from the traditional foundation plans of Spanish cities in the continent of Central America. Founded in 1736 by order of Cabildo de León , its objective

2550-583: Was reduced from 12.5 to 9.5 incidents per 100,000 inhabitants. In 2012, new police equipment was issued by the government, and the security budget was increased. President Laura Chinchilla 's government donated vehicles and other equipment to the police department on at least two occasions. The city's greater metropolitan area (in Los Yoses, San Pedro) also serves as the headquarters of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights . San José has

2601-500: Was to concentrate the scattered inhabitants of the Aserrí Valley. De León thus ordered the construction of a chapel near the area known as La Boca del Monte which was completed a year later. That year St. Joseph was chosen as parish patron, hence its name. The chapel, which was very modest, was erected with help from the church of Cartago. Unlike neighboring Cartago, San José was not founded by formal decree and thus lacked

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