23-730: Uberabatitan (meaning " Uberaba titan", in reference to where it was found) is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil . It is known from bones including neck, back, and tail vertebrae , pelvic bones , and limb bones. These fossils were found in the uppermost portion of the Maastrichtian -age Serra da Galga Formation of the Bauru Group , in Uberaba, Minas Gerais . The type species , described by Salgado and Carvalho in 2008,
46-591: A sauropod , Uberabatitan would have been a large, quadrupedal herbivore with a long neck. It has been estimated that Uberabatitan ribeiroi could reach a length of 26 metres (85 ft), although most known specimens are of much smaller individuals. Although the skull of Uberabatitan is unknown, it may belong to a clade of titanosaurs that were characterized by a broad, squared-off snout. The teeth possibly referable to Uberabatitan are slender and chisel-like, as in other titanosaurs. As in many other sauropods, Uberabatitan had hyper-elongate cervical ribs , much of
69-671: A clade containing other members of Aeolosaurini . In an analysis that included neither Laplatasaurus nor Brasilotitan , Uberabatitan was recovered as a member of Aeolosaurini most closely related to Bravasaurus , Gondwanatitan , and Trigonosaurus . Uberabatitan , like other sauropods, underwent rapid, uninterrupted growth early in life. Individuals closer to maturity would have transitioned to cyclical growth, with periodic slowdowns in their growth rate. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Uberaba Too Many Requests If you report this error to
92-524: A close relative. MCT 1487-R consists of a nearly complete neck, one of the few known for any titanosaur. Two teeth found at the Uberabatitan site, and others found elsewhere in the Serra da Galga Formation, may also belong to Uberabatitan ribeiroi ; one of these teeth, CPPLIP-1166, is the largest titanosaur tooth ever found, with a crown 6.2 centimetres (2.4 in) high from its base to its apex. As
115-467: A whole. The first caudal has a flat anterior and slightly convex posterior face, different from the subsequent vertebrae similar to in Epachthosaurus . A prominent depression is present on the bottom surface of some anterior caudals, a feature present in diplodocids and multiple titanosaurs. Anterior caudals are shorter proportionally, the bones becoming almost double the proportional length towards
138-554: Is U. ribeiroi . To date, it is the most recent titanosaur from Bauru Group rocks; other titanosaurs from the Bauru Group, including Baurutitan and Trigonosaurus , come from lower (thus older) levels. Uberabatitan ribeiroi was named by Leonardo Salgado and Ismar de Souza Carvalho in 2008, based on specimens found at a road cut along Federal Highway BR-050 in Uberaba , Minas Gerais . The genus name refers to Uberaba and
161-487: Is similar to Epachthosaurus and Malawisaurus . Several plesiomorphic (primitive) features characterize Andesaurus as the most basal known member of Titanosauria. In fact, this clade has been defined to contain Andesaurus , Saltasaurus , their most recent common ancestor, and all of its descendants. The most prominent plesiomorphy is the articulations between its tail vertebrae. In most derived titanosaurs,
184-480: The Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro . More than sixty bones have been found, representing the intermingled remains of at least five individuals of various sizes and ages, with both immature and mature individuals represented. These remains include cervical , dorsal , sacral , and caudal vertebrae , chevrons , and portions of the shoulders, hips, and limbs. As is commonly the case in titanosaurs,
207-652: The Saltasauridae , included some of the smallest known sauropods, including Saltasaurus itself. Thus it is possible that the largest sizes were attained among the more basal members of the clade. These fossils were discovered in the Candeleros Formation , the oldest formation within the Neuquén Group of Neuquén Province , Argentina . This formation dates to the Cenomanian stage of
230-438: The sister taxon of Uberabatitan in an analysis that did not include Brasilotitan . Navarro and colleagues and Filippi and colleagues have recovered Brasilotitan as the sister taxon of Uberabatitan in analyses that did not include Laplatasaurus . Silva and colleagues regarded a close relationship between Uberabatitan and Brasilotitan "possible"; their analysis recovered a polytomy of Brasilotitan , Uberabatitan , and
253-527: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.133 via cp1102 cp1102, Varnish XID 548545228 Upstream caches: cp1102 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 05:37:02 GMT Andesaurus Andesaurus ( / ˌ æ n d ə ˈ s ɔːr ə s / AN -də- SOR -əs ; "Andes lizard") is a genus of basal titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur which existed during
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#1732772222433276-403: The articulation is entirely absent. Pre- and post-spinal laminae are present in the vertebrae of Andesaurus , like in other somphospondylans . Tail vertebrae (caudals) of Andesaurus are slightly procoelous , where the anterior face is concave and the posterior face of convex. This convexity is less prominent than more derived titanosaurs, but is still diagnostic of the clade as
299-410: The end of the tail. Lateral pleurocoels are present on some vertebrae, as well as small lateral foramina. These foramina are known in some titanosaurs and non-titanosaurs, but their phylogenetic distribution is poorly understood. Like in all titanosauriformes, the neural arch is on the anterior portion of the centrum, and the neural spines are elongate and rectangular. The variation along the caudal series
322-915: The fibula. Phylogenetic position of Uberabatitan in an analysis by Silva and colleagues in 2019: Andesaurus Rukwatitan Malawisaurus Puertasaurus Austroposeidon Mendozasaurus Futalognkosaurus Quetecsaurus Isisaurus Epachthosaurus Pellegrinisaurus Maxakalisaurus Tapuiasaurus Trigonosaurus Lirainosaurus Ampelosaurus Bonitasaura Dreadnoughtus Alamosaurus Opisthocoelicaudia Neuquensaurus Rocasaurus Saltasaurus Rapetosaurus Brasilotitan Uberabatitan Aeolosaurus maximus Muyelensaurus Rinconsaurus Overosaurus Gondwanatitan Aeolosaurus colhuehuapensis Aeolosaurus rionegrinus Possible close relatives of Uberabatitan include Laplatasaurus and Brasilotitan . Gallina and Otero recovered Laplatasaurus as
345-469: The length of which was formed by ossified tendons . The tibia and fibula of Uberabatitan exhibit some taxonomically significant traits. The tibia has a robust lateral protuberance that articulates with a medial knob on the fibula, which is an autapomorphy of Uberabatitan ribeiroi . As in Laplatasaurus , but unlike most titanosaurs, there is a concave surface behind the lateral tuberosity of
368-485: The lower articulation for the ribs ( parapophysis ), although poor preservation in other vertebrae means it can only be identified on one bone. The hyposphene-hypantrum articulations of Andesaurus are smaller than more basal sauropods, but less reduced than in Argentinosaurus or Epachthosaurus , where the surface is only articular ridges, and also less reduced than more derived titanosaurs where
391-707: The middle of the Cretaceous Period in South America . Like most sauropods, belonging to one of the largest animals ever to walk the Earth , it would have had a small head on the end of a long neck and an equally long tail. In 1991, paleontologists Jorge Orlando Calvo and José Fernando Bonaparte named Andesaurus , which refers to the Andes and also includes the Greek word sauros ("lizard"), because of
414-447: The middle part of its tail had elongated centra . Elements of the pelvis were also discovered, including two ischia and a pubis bone, along with rib fragments and an incomplete humerus and femur . Total length estimates place Andesaurus at 15 metres (49 ft) to 18 metres (59 ft) long. Gregory S. Paul lists Andesaurus as 7 metric tons (7.7 short tons) in body mass. The dorsal vertebrae of Andesaurus bear
437-461: The proximity of this animal's remains to the Andes. Andesaurus fossils were found by Alejandro Delgado, after whom the single known species ( A. delgadoi ) is named. The only known material of Andesaurus is a partial skeleton consisting of a series of four vertebrae from the lower back, as well as 27 tail vertebrae, divided up into two series from separate parts of the tail. The vertebrae from
460-484: The skull is not known. The holotype consists of the tibia (CPPLIP-912), fibula (CPPLIP-1107), and astragalus (CPPLIP-1082) of a single individual; other elements had initially been included in the holotype as well, but were excluded due to the lack of evidence that they came from the same individual. Another specimen from the Serra da Galga Formation, MCT 1487-R, also known as "DGM Series A", exhibits close similarities to Uberabatitan and may belong to it, or at least
483-599: The species name honors Luiz Carlos Borges Ribeiro, the director of the Centro de Pesquisas Paleontológicas Lewellyn Price, for his support. Fossils of Uberabatitan ribeiroi have been found in the Serra da Galga Formation in Minas Gerais , Brazil . All the specimens attributed to U. ribeiroi were found in a single quarry, and have been accessioned at the Centro de Pesquisas Paleontológicas Llewellyn Ivor Price (CPPLIP) at
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#1732772222433506-585: The tail vertebrae articulate with ball-and-socket joints, with the hollowed-out socket end on the front ( procoelous caudal vertebrae), while in Andesaurus , both ends of the vertebrae are flat ( amphiplatyan caudals), as seen in many non-titanosaurian sauropods. Andesaurus itself is only characterized by a single feature, the tall neural spines on top of its back vertebrae, and needs further study. Some other basal titanosaurs from Argentina, including Argentinosaurus and Puertasaurus , were also sauropods of enormous size. The most derived group of titanosaurs,
529-407: The typical features of an opisthocoelous centrum and large lateral pleurocoel (pneumatic depression). Unlike related Phuwiangosaurus , there is no ventral keel under any of the vertebrae, and there is a pneumatic feature on the front of the neural arch , the latter being found in most neosauropods. Potentially diagnostic for Andesaurus , there is an additional ridge supporting
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