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34-435: Terra Indigena Uru-Eu-Uaw-Uaw is an indigenous territory located in central Rondônia , Brazil . It has a contacted Indian population of around 168 people belonging to Amondaua , Uru Pa In , Juma , and Jupaú tribes (as of 2002). There remains an unknown number of uncontacted Indians who belong to 4 to 6 different tribes like Jururei , Yvyraparaquara, Uru Pa In (uncontacted bands), and Parakua. The uncontacted population

68-556: A Brazilian Indigenous rights group, argue that the disparity between Indigenous population and land ownership is justified because their traditional subsistence patterns (typically shifting cultivation or hunting and gathering ) are more land extensive than modern agriculture, and because many TIs include large areas of agriculturally unproductive land or are environmentally degraded due to recent incursions. Opponents of Indigenous territories also claim that they undermine national sovereignty . The promotion of Indigenous rights by NGOs

102-502: A five-year deadline. However, demarcation is still ongoing. The process is frequently delayed by legal disputes arising from the objections of non-indigenous settlers and commercial interests in the proposed TI. This has been increasingly common since 1996, when a change in the law required an explicit period to be set aside in the demarcation process for the hearing of complaints. In 2008 the Supreme Federal Court issued

136-505: A high-profile decision in favour of the continued territorial integrity of Raposa Serra do Sol in Roraima . Settlers had protested their deportation from the TI, arguing that the reserve undermined Brazil's national integrity and the state's economic development, and proposing that it be broken up. The ruling established a legal precedent that affected more than 100 similar cases that were before

170-485: A president be a native-born citizen of Brazil, at least 35 years of age, a resident of Brazil, in full exercise of their electoral rights, a registered voter, and a member of a political party ( write-in or independent candidates are prohibited). The president of Brazil serves for a term of four years, and may be re-elected for a single consecutive term. This two-term limit, however, is not for life—a former president who has served for two consecutive terms may run for

204-462: A presidential term, given that, according to the Constitution , the vice-president becomes acting president during the president's travels abroad. A sitting president (or governor or mayor) who wishes to run for a different office, regardless of the intended jurisdiction or branch of government, must resign from office at least six months before election day . The possibility of reelection

238-516: A trial then takes place at the Supreme Federal Court . In the case of "crimes of malversation", which must fall into one of seven broad areas and which is defined in more detail in law, a trial takes place at the Federal Senate . During the trial, the vice president exercises executive power. If the trial does not result in a conviction within 180 days, the president resumes office; a conviction results in removal from office and succession by

272-520: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Indigenous territory (Brazil) A multi-stage demarcation process is required for a TI to gain full legal protection, and this has often entailed protracted legal battles. Even after demarcation, TIs are frequently subject to illegal invasions by settlers and mining and logging companies. As of 2020 , there were 724 proposed or approved Indigenous territories in Brazil, covering about 13% of

306-640: Is a ranch located on the outskirts of the capital and is used as a country retreat by the president. The Palácio Rio Negro in Petrópolis , Rio de Janeiro, is a summer retreat of the president, although used rarely. The official residence of the vice president is the Jaburu Palace in Brasília . In the 2000s, the federal government decided to establish Regional Offices of the Presidency of

340-461: Is known as the thirteenth salary ), the president receives 13 payments per year, resulting in an annual salary of R$ 402,151.10. The Palácio do Planalto in Brasília is the official workplace of the president and the Palácio da Alvorada their official residence. The president is entitled to use its staff and facilities. The Residência Oficial do Torto , popularly known as Granja do Torto ,

374-470: Is overly idealist, and a return to a more integrationist policy is favoured. In the Raposa Serra do Sol dispute, settlers and their advocates charged TIs with hindering economic development in sparsely populated states such as Roraima , where a large proportion of the land is reserved for Indigenous peoples despite commercial pressures to develop it for agricultural use. Instituto Socioambiental ,

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408-486: Is seen as reflecting an "internationalisation of the Amazon" which is contrary to Brazil's economic interests. Elements in the military have also expressed concern that because many TIs occupy border regions they pose a threat to national security – although both the army and police are allowed full access. The current system of Indigenous territories has also been criticised by proponents of Indigenous rights, who say that

442-523: Is the responsibility of FUNAI , the government body in charge of Indigenous affairs, who commission an ethnographic and geographical survey of the area and publish a proposal. This proposal must then be approved by the Ministry of Justice , who consider FUNAI's proposal and any objections from other interested parties with respect to the Constitution. If approved, FUNAI begins physically demarcating

476-732: The Paulista Avenue ; the building also houses Banco do Brasil's regional headquarters in São Paulo. The presidency of the republic also maintains regional offices in Porto Alegre and in Belo Horizonte . For ground travel, the president uses the presidential state car , which is an armored version of the 2024 Chery Tiggo 8 Max Drive . A 1952 Rolls-Royce Silver Wraith is used by the president on ceremonial occasions, such as Independence Day commemorations, state visits and

510-921: The cabinet and, with the approval of the Senate , the judges for the Supreme Federal Court . The president is also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces . Presidents in Brazil have significant lawmaking powers, exercised either by proposing laws to the National Congress or by using Medidas Provisórias ( provisional measures ), an instrument with the force of law that the president can enact in cases of urgency and necessity except to make changes to some areas of law (provisional measures cannot be used to change criminal law or electoral law). A provisional measure comes into effect immediately, before Congress votes on it, and remains in force for up to 60 days unless Congress votes to rescind it. The 60-day period can be extended once, up to 120 days. If Congress, on

544-535: The inauguration of the president-elect. The presidential aircraft is a military version of an Airbus A330-200 , called KC-30. Two modified Embraer 190 jets, air force designation VC-2, are used for short and medium range presidential travel. When the president is on board, the aircraft receive the call sign " Brazilian Air Force One ". Two modified military versions of the Eurocopter Super Puma , air force designation VH-34 , are currently used as

578-529: The Republic in certain key Brazilian cities. Those regional offices are not presidential residences, but they are fully staffed offices ready to receive the president and his ministers at any time, and they function as a presidential workplace when the president is in those cities. The first regional office of the presidency was established in the city of São Paulo, and is located at the Banco do Brasil building at

612-619: The Republic , is the head of state and head of government of Brazil . The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Brazilian Armed Forces . The presidential system was established in 1889, upon the proclamation of the republic in a military coup d'état against Emperor Pedro II . Since then, Brazil has had six constitutions , three dictatorships, and three democratic periods. The Constitution of Brazil , along with several constitutional amendments , establishes

646-513: The Supreme Court at the time. Land ownership is a contentious issue in Brazil. In the 1990s, as much as 45% of the available farmland in the country was controlled by 1% of the population. Some advocates of land reform have therefore criticised the amount of land reserved for Indigenous peoples, who make up just 0.2% of the national population. According to this view the 1988 Constitution's approach towards Indigenous peoples' right to land

680-539: The coast—most of these are concentrated in the country's interior, particularly Amazônia . There are only three federated units without any TIs: the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Piauí , and the Federal District . In the 1950s, Brazilian explorer and defender of Indigenous people, Cândido Rondon , supported the Villas-Bôas brothers ' campaign, which faced strong opposition from the government and

714-588: The country was officially styled Republic of the United States of Brazil , and from 1937 to 1967 the country was styled simply The United States of Brazil , and thus the full title of the presidents of the Republic from 1891 until 1967—that is, from Deodoro da Fonseca 's inauguration as President (between 1889 and 1891 he served as Head of the Provisional Government) until the end of Humberto Castello Branco 's term in 1967—was President of

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748-443: The country's land area. Critics of the system say that this is out of proportion with the number of Indigenous people in Brazil, about 0.41% of the population; they argue that the amount of land reserved as TIs undermines the country's economic development and national security. As of 2016 , there were 702 Indigenous territories in Brazil, covering 1,172,995 km – 14% of the country's land area. As of 2020, 120 areas were in

782-455: The formal process of being identified, covering a total of 1,084,049 hectares; 43 had been formally identified (2,179,316 ha); 74 had been formally declared (7,305,639 ha) and 487 had already been formally approved (106,858,319 ha). In total, 723 areas were either under evaluation or had been legally consolidated as Indigenous territories, covering a total area of 117,427,323 hectares. For historical reasons— Portuguese colonisation started from

816-510: The main presidential helicopters. The president may be removed from office using one of two procedures. In either case, two-thirds of the Chamber of Deputies must accept charges against the officeholder ( impeachment ); and if the Senate accepts the investigation, the president is suspended from exercising the functions of office for up to 180 days. In the case of "common criminal offenses",

850-592: The new TI and the National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform undertakes the resettlement of any non-indigenous occupants. Final approval, or homologation , for the demarcation a TI is issued by the President of the Republic , after which it is officially registered. The Statute of the Indian specified that all Indigenous lands should be demarcated by 1978, and the 1988 Constitution also set

884-492: The other hand, votes to approve the provisional measure, it becomes an actual law, with changes decided by the legislative branch. The provisional measure expires at the end of the 60-day period (or the 120-day, in the case of extension), or sooner, if rejected by one of the Houses of Congress. Article 84 of the current Federal Constitution, determines that the president has the power to The Constitution of Brazil requires that

918-433: The presidency again after at least one term has elapsed. A vice president or other officer who succeeds to the presidency or who serves, albeit briefly, as acting president during a certain presidential term may subsequently be elected or reelected to the presidency only once, as the consecutive term limit already applies. In practice, Brazilian vice-presidents almost always serve as acting president at some point during

952-486: The process of demarcation is too slow and that FUNAI lacks the resources to properly protect them from encroachment once registered. President of Brazil Recent elections The president of Brazil ( Portuguese : presidente do Brasil ), officially the president of the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : presidente da República Federativa do Brasil ) or simply the President of

986-492: The ranchers of Mato Grosso and led to the establishment of the first Brazilian National Park for Indigenous people along the Xingu River in 1961. The process of demarcating Indigenous territories was first established in a 1973 law commonly known as Estatuto do Índio and has been revised several times, most recently in 1996. Under the current legal framework, the initial identification and definition of potential TIs

1020-403: The requirements, powers, and responsibilities of the president, their term of office and the method of election. Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva is the 39th and current president. He was sworn in on 1 January 2023. As a republic with a presidential executive, Brazil grants significant powers to the president, who effectively controls the executive branch, represents the country abroad, and appoints

1054-468: The vice president. The seven areas are: The following privileges are guaranteed to former presidents by law: All presidents of Brazil have borne the title President of the Republic . That title has been used by all the constitutions of Brazil since the proclamation of the Republic to refer to the head of the Executive Branch. However, from the proclamation of the Republic in 1889 until 1937

Uru-Eu-Uaw-Uaw Indigenous Territory - Misplaced Pages Continue

1088-471: Was established by the 16th Amendment to the Constitution, in 1997. Before that, presidents had been barred from immediate reelection for all of Brazil's republican history, with the single exception of the latter half of the Vargas Era , from 1937 to 1945. The office was limited to men until the 1937 Constitution . Under the original text of the 1988 Constitution the presidential term lasted 5 years, but it

1122-481: Was estimated at somewhere between 1,000 and 1,200 in 1986, but it has declined very steeply in the recent decades. It is one of the most unsafe indigenous territories in Brazil and is regularly invaded by loggers and ranchers. The Jururei tribe was subjected to mass killings in 2003 and 2005. Most of the Jupaú are now Christian, while the other tribes are entirely animist . This Rondônia , Brazil location article

1156-417: Was reduced to 4 years in 1994 by a constitutional amendment. As of 2015, the president receives a monthly salary of R$ 30,934.70, along with an undisclosed expense account to cover travel, goods and services while in office. Given that in Brazil all private and public sector employees and civil servants receive an additional compensation equivalent to one monthly salary after a year of work (this compensation

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