Found footage is a cinematic technique in which all or a substantial part of the work is presented as if it were film or video recordings recorded by characters in the story, and later "found" and presented to the audience. The events on screen are typically seen through the camera of one or more of the characters involved, often accompanied by their real-time , off-camera commentary . For added realism , the cinematography may be done by the actors themselves as they perform, and shaky camera work and naturalistic acting are routinely employed. The footage may be presented as if it were " raw " and complete or as if it had been edited into a narrative by those who "found" it.
71-488: V/H/S is a 2012 American found footage horror anthology film and the first installment in the V/H/S franchise created by Brad Miska and Bloody Disgusting , and produced by Miska and Roxanne Benjamin . It features a series of six found footage shorts written and directed by Adam Wingard , David Bruckner , Ti West , Glenn McQuaid , Joe Swanberg , and the filmmaking collective Radio Silence . The film premiered at
142-504: A Halloween party , but go to a wrong address in an abandoned house. Believing they are the first to arrive, the quartet sneak inside and begin to experience paranormal phenomena , but they dismiss it as a haunted house attraction and have fun with it. In the attic, the quartet find several men gathered around a woman suspended from the rafters, reenacting an exorcism . The quartet join the men's chanting, which alerts them to their presence. The men shout angrily before physically assaulting
213-463: A metaphorical sense, referring to the perceived loss of attributes traditionally associated with masculinity , such as strength, power, or autonomy. There are several different methods of emasculation. Both the penis and testicles may be removed simultaneously using a sharp instrument, such as a knife or razor or swords. Non-crushing vascular clamps may also be used in medical surgery to cut off blood circulation and reduce bleeding. Alternatively,
284-400: A threesome . Overwhelmed, Clint goes to the bathroom. Patrick attempts to take Clint's place, but Lily makes it clear that she dislikes him. Moments later, Patrick burst into the bathroom and claims that Lily bit him. When Clint and Patrick approach, Lily suddenly sprouts fangs, then attacks and kills Shane. Clint hides in the bathroom while Patrick, armed with a shower curtain rod, returns to
355-405: A 'fill-in-the-hole' type project. What can we put here? What can we put there? You know, what would amp it up here? So it was a living project. A living film if you will. The film is presented as an anthology of five short horror films, built into a frame narrative which acts as its own sixth short horror film. Each short film is linked together with the concept of found footage as each segment
426-407: A badly injured Emily believes that she sustained the injuries after wandering into traffic in a fugue state . She says the doctor James recommended has diagnosed her as schizoaffective and tearfully says that James deserves a better, more normal girlfriend. He assures Emily she is the only person he wants to be with as their call ends. James then begins a new call with a different woman, who also has
497-515: A bump on her arm, and believes he is her boyfriend as the footage ends. When Gary returns, both Zak and the corpse have disappeared. Gary searches upstairs and finds the decapitated remains of his friends; he is suddenly attacked by the zombified corpse. Fleeing downstairs, Gary falls, twists his ankle, and the zombie kills him. In the room, the VCR starts the last tape by itself. On Halloween night, four friends—Tyler, Chad, Matt, and Paul— head out to
568-675: A feminine fat pattern distribution. The physiological effects of emasculation are more severe for people who undergo the procedure before the onset of puberty. Emasculation was performed in China on men to create palace eunuchs for the imperial court. The practice dates back to the Shang dynasty (1600–1046 BC) and continued up until 1924, when the eunuch system was abolished by the last emperor of China, Puyi . The last living palace eunuch, Sun Yaoting , died in 1996. Originally, palace eunuchs were prisoners who were involuntarily emasculated. In
639-478: A glimpse of a strange figure wanders off, Rox puts another tape in the VCR and watches it. Married couple Sam and Stephanie travel through Route 66 for their honeymoon in Arizona , a trip documented by Stephanie. That night, they visit a Wild West -themed attraction where Stephanie receives a prediction from a mechanical fortune teller . It claims that she will be happily reunited with a loved one, and that she
710-473: A higher level of purity. Originally, the emasculation procedure was performed by burning the testicles off with an iron. Later, the genitals were tied at the base and removed using a knife or razor blade. The wound was then cauterised, or a salve was applied, to prevent bleeding. Many Skoptsy were peasants and were familiar with animal husbandry, which meant their emasculation procedures were often performed with "surgical precision." In some instances, members of
781-441: A male less masculine , including by humiliation. It can also mean to deprive anything of vigour or effectiveness. This figurative usage has become more common than the literal meaning. For example: " William Lewis Hughes voted for Folkestone's amendment to Curwen's emasculated reform bill , 12 June 1809 ... " In horticulture , the removal of male (pollen) parts of a plant, largely for controlled pollination and breeding purposes,
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#1732798800356852-439: A matter of personal choice. For Muslim Hijra, emasculation may be avoided due to the belief that genital mutilation goes against Allah's will. Others see emasculation as necessary in order to be 'reborn' as a Hijra. In this view, emasculated Hijra are seen as more 'real' than those who are not. The decision to be emasculated may also be motivated by personal beliefs about whether a Hijra can have spiritual powers without undergoing
923-567: A miniseries V/H/S: Video Horror Shorts on Snapchat 's Snap Originals platform. In an interview with IndieWire, producer Brad Miska revealed the process in which they developed V/H/S , which included a "trust-fall" style of filmmaking. All of the relationships came through the long history of Bloody Disgusting . For "V/H/S", we went to people that I have a relationship with via Bloody Disgusting — a group of trusted filmmakers who we thought would want to take part in this. They pitched us their ideas, then came to us with treatments and scripts. It
994-486: A person to seek emasculation. People with this disorder are distressed by the presence of a limb that they do not identify as part of their body, including the genitals. Emasculation in this context alleviates their distress, enabling them to become 'whole'. However, the amputation of healthy limbs by medical professionals is highly controversial. The inability to acquire medically administered emasculation has driven some to self-emasculation. Occasionally, self-emasculation
1065-440: A score of 54 out of 100, based on 22 critics, indicating "mixed or average" reviews. Most reviewers said that they felt the film was too long. Variety noted that "the segments vary in quality and the whole overstays its welcome at nearly two hours. Some trimming (perhaps relegating a weaker episode to a DVD extra) would increase theatrical chances." Empire gave the film four stars out of five, saying that "the biggest twist
1136-628: A week. The next night, Emily carries her laptop to have James look out for the entity. Two more entities appear and knock her unconscious as James enters the apartment. The entities are actually aliens that watch as James surgically removes a fetus from Emily's torso; they have been using her as an incubator for half-alien, half-human hybrids. James asks the aliens how much longer they plan to use Emily and remarks she may not survive much more as she has noticed their tracking device in her arm. The aliens erase Emily's memory, while James breaks her bones to make it look like an accident. In their next chat,
1207-403: Is a condition where people mutilate their genitals as a result of psychotic religious delusions . For example, in one case a person is reported to have mutilated his genitals after experiencing auditory hallucinations telling him he would only be allowed into the kingdom of heaven if he emasculated himself. Body integrity dysphoria , or xenomelia, is another mental disorder that may drive
1278-438: Is from VHS tapes. The frame narrative focuses on Brad, Rox, Zak, and Gary, a criminal gang who film their acts, which range from vandalism to sexually assaulting women. An anonymous source hires them to break into an abandoned house and steal a VHS videotape. The quartet accept, eager to expand their criminal enterprises. In the house, they find an old man's corpse sitting in front of several televisions. While his friends roam
1349-438: Is its consistently high quality ... anything goes, and all of it works". The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a mildly positive review, stating "Refreshingly, V/H/S promises no more than it delivers, always a plus with genre fare." Fangoria praised the film while remarking that "the mystery of why/how some of this stuff is even on VHS tapes to begin with" was a bit of a leap. Sean O'Connell of The Washington Post gave
1420-515: Is often claimed to be the first example of found footage. However, Shirley Clarke 's arthouse film The Connection (1961) and the Orson Welles directed The Other Side of the Wind , a found footage movie shot in the early 1970s but released in 2018, predate Cannibal Holocaust . America's Deadliest Home Video (1991), remains a potent use of the format as well as an unsung groundbreaker in
1491-929: Is practiced by those suffering from gender dysphoria. When compared with the general population, transgender persons are at a higher risk of engaging in acts of genital self-mutilation, including self-emasculation. In some cases, a person with a mental illness has emasculated other people. Emasculation occurs voluntarily within the transgender community as a form of gender reassignment surgery , allowing recipients to renounce their masculine characteristics and bring their body into closer alignment with their identified gender. It may be sought by trans women (those assigned male at birth who identify as female), who wish to assume their femininity, or by non-binary transgender individuals (those assigned male at birth who identify as neither male nor female), who want to locate themselves outside of traditional gender categories. For trans women, emasculation surgery may be performed with or without
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#17327988003561562-454: Is revealed to be a glitched figure with its head obscured by tracking errors . Wendy reveals to Joey that she is the only survivor after all her friends were killed at the lake. She reveals that she used the group to bait and kill the murderer. The Glitch then walks up behind Joey and slits his throat. Wendy lures the Glitch into a pit trap, then a bear trap , which briefly halts it. She films
1633-408: Is suddenly lifted into the sky by Lily, who has transformed into a winged creature—revealed to be a succubus on the hunt for a mate. The glasses fall off Clint's face and hit the ground as the footage ends. Back in the frame narrative, Rox discovers that Brad has disappeared. In the basement, Zak and Gary find hundreds of unmarked VHS tapes and collect them all to make sure they get the right one. As
1704-421: Is very trusting and is easily taken advantage of. A strange woman comes to their motel room and awkwardly tries to convince Sam to give her a ride the next day. In the middle of the night, while the couple are asleep, an intruder breaks into the room, turns on the camcorder, and films itself stroking Stephanie's buttocks with a switchblade. The intruder also steals money from Sam's wallet and dips his toothbrush in
1775-613: The 2012 Sundance Film Festival in January 2012, and was released on demand on August 31, 2012. It also made a limited theatrical release in the United States on October 5, 2012, and in the United Kingdom on January 18, 2013. It spawned six sequels— V/H/S/2 , V/H/S: Viral , V/H/S/94 , V/H/S/99 , V/H/S/85 and V/H/S/Beyond — and two spin-offs individual films , Siren and Kids vs. Aliens , as well as
1846-579: The Qing dynasty , men began volunteering to undergo the procedure in order to gain employment, although instances of forced emasculation still occurred. One reason why recipients willingly underwent emasculation is that they saw employment as a palace eunuch as a way to acquire wealth and power. Alternatively, poverty was a reason why fathers forced their sons to undergo emasculation, and the desire for financial benefit motivated human traffickers to force emasculation on their victims. There were several reasons why
1917-719: The Shang dynasty (1700–1100 BC), when the characters for a knife and male genitalia were carved into oracle bones. It continued up until the Sui dynasty (581–618 CE), when it was formally abolished. There are reports of self-emasculation cases resulting from mental disorder . Some academics claim that a majority of self-emasculations are a result of psychosis, although this finding has been challenged. Nonetheless, there are several reported cases of people with schizophrenia engaging in self-emasculation. It has been linked to other mental disorders such as dissociative identity disorder. Klingsor syndrome, sometimes known as Skotpic syndrome
1988-425: The epistolary novel , which typically consists of either correspondence or diary entries, purportedly written by a character central to the events. Like found footage, the epistolary technique has often been employed in horror fiction : both Dracula and Frankenstein are epistolary novels, as is The Call of Cthulhu by H. P. Lovecraft . In filmmaking , the 1980 cult horror feature Cannibal Holocaust
2059-585: The 1930s, when the sect was destroyed and its members sentenced. The Skoptsy practiced genital mutilation because they believed the genitals were the source of original sin, and that by removing them, they could attain salvation. The aim of removing the offending genitalia was to purify the body. Their belief was based on a literal reading of the verse of Matthew 19:12 , which states: "There are some eunuchs, which were so born from their mother's womb: and there are some eunuchs, which were made eunuchs of men: and there be eunuchs, which have made themselves eunuchs for
2130-415: The Glitch up close, but it slashes her hand before Wendy flees and records a warning to stay away from the lake. Wendy finds a dying Joey and the Glitch confronts her before another booby trap impales it. After Wendy gloats and walks away, she looks back and notices the Glitch is gone. It ambushes Wendy, beats her to death with the camera, and disembowels her. Wendy's corpse twitches and shudders violently;
2201-605: The Hijra community. Today it remains an important ritual, though is not mandatory or universally practiced. When it is performed, it typically occurs several years after an individual has already participated within the Hijra community. While some Hijra are emasculated, others are intersex, undeveloped in puberty or impotent. Whether or not a Hijra undergoes emasculation is influenced by a range of considerations. Some people are not emasculated because they are fearful of surgical complications, are under financial constraints, or merely as
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2272-469: The Imperial court required its civil servants to be emasculated. Emasculation was thought to ensure a recipient's undivided loyalty to the emperor, as it severs the recipient's existing familial or social bonds and destroys their ability to produce future heirs. The choice to hire emasculated eunuchs also ensured the legitimacy of the emperor's lineage. The choice to emasculate, rather than merely castrate,
2343-571: The Skoptsy would perform the emasculation on themselves, in an act of self-surgery, though it was more typical for the procedure to be performed by an elder during a ceremony. Throughout the Indian subcontinent tradition , including India, Bangladesh and Pakistan, some members of the Hijra community reportedly undergo emasculation, or nirvan. Traditionally, emasculation was a rite of passage into
2414-424: The bedroom. Clint tries to wake Lisa up while Patrick confronts Lily; she easily kills him and rips off his genitals . Clint runs out, but falls down a staircase and breaks his wrist. Lily, now with her face bearing a hideous split down its middle, catches up to Clint. She attempts to perform fellatio on an unresponsive Clint, but then starts to cry and growl angrily. Clint flees to beg bystanders for help until he
2485-405: The camera glitches out as the footage ends. The corpse has returned to the room, but Rox has disappeared. Zak and Gary are confused as to where their friends have gone. Gary then tells Zak to look through the tapes, to which Zak complies. Aspiring doctor James is told by his girlfriend Emily through video chat about a strange bump on her arm and how it reminds her of an accident she had when she
2556-409: The captured footage. When they discover a mutilated pig, Wendy declares that everyone will die. The group smoke weed near the lake and Wendy explains that a murderer killed many people there, but the group laughs it off as a joke. Spider and Samantha leave for a break until the latter is suddenly killed when a knife is thrown at her face. Spider attempts to run, but is also stabbed to death. The culprit
2627-429: The creation of a vagina. When a vagina is created, the procedure is called a vaginoplasty , and where it is not, the procedure is called a vulvoplasty . For non-binary transgender people, the purpose of emasculation is to make the body less congruent with one's assigned sex without the subsequent assumption of femininity. These individuals may identify as non-binary, a third-sex, eunuch, or another gender. Some adopt
2698-717: The doors are unlocked and the quartet get out just before the train smashes the car. The quartet walk away and talk about how much fun they had, and what a crazy night it was. Meanwhile, the train hits the car and it explodes behind them. Trevor Groth, a programmer of midnight movies at the Sundance Film Festival , said, "I give this all the credit in the world because conceptually it shouldn't have worked for me. Personally, I'm bored by found-footage horror films, which this is. And omnibus attempts rarely work. But this one does. It's terrifying, and very well executed." Horror-Movies.ca reported that two people fainted during
2769-402: The film a scathing review, saying that although "on paper, it's a clever concept" and "probably sounded great in the pitch meeting", it "loses all luster through some shoddy execution". He went on to criticise the "unwatchable shaky-cam technique" and "rough and amateurish" acting, though he did identify Swanberg's segment as the best. Likewise, Roger Ebert was among the critics who felt the film
2840-555: The footage is purported to be the only surviving record of the events, with the participants now missing or dead. It has also been used in science fiction such as Chronicle , District 9 , Project Almanac , Europa Report , Gamer , drama such as Zero Day , Exhibit A , comedy such as Project X , mystery such as Searching , family such as Earth to Echo , experimental arthouse such as The Connection , The Outwaters , Masking Threshold , and war films such as 84C MoPic . Although found footage
2911-427: The found-footage field - an ahead-of-its-time application of the vérité-video form to the horror/crime genre. The device was popularised by The Blair Witch Project (1999). Found footage has since been used in other commercially successful films, including Paranormal Activity (2007), REC (2007), Cloverfield (2008) and Chronicle (2012). Reviewing V/H/S for The A.V. Club , Scott Tobias notes that
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2982-401: The friends also convince another young woman, Lisa, to go to their room. Shane attempts to initiate sex with Lisa, but she passes out and Patrick discourages him. Lily awkwardly seduces Clint until Shane comes on to her instead. Clint notices Lily's clawed and scaly feet as she undresses, but Shane and Patrick are oblivious. Lily pushes Shane onto his back and begins to undress Clint to initiate
3053-401: The genre "has since become to the '00s and '10s what slasher movies were to the '80s." The genre appeals to film producers because of its lower cost, as it is believed the illusion of amateur documentary style allows lower production values than would be accepted on a conventional film. Writer-director Christopher B. Landon , who has made several found footage horror films, posits that
3124-429: The genre is likely to extend in the future outside horror. The following entries are notable films in the found footage genre, though some were only partially made in that style. Andolan Films Emasculation Emasculation is the removal of the external male sex organs , which includes both the penis and the scrotum , the latter of which contains the testicles . It is distinct from castration , where only
3195-480: The great historian Sima Qian , Cao Teng , the foster grandfather of Cao Cao , Zheng He , a Ming dynasty admiral of the imperial navy who sailed to Africa, and the surviving sons and grandson of rebel Yaqub Beg . To create eunuchs for the Arab slave trade , young black boys from South East Africa typically had their penis and scrotum amputated. White boys, by comparison, were usually only castrated. Emasculation
3266-526: The house, Brad stays with the corpse to watch a tape left in the VCR . Three friends—Shane, Patrick, and Clint—rent a motel room to bring women for sexual intercourse . Clint wears glasses that have been outfitted with a hidden camera and microphone to allow them to turn their planned encounter into an amateur porn video. While they are bar-hopping, Clint meets Lily, a mysterious young woman who appears unusually shy and only says "I like you". In addition to Lily,
3337-540: The kingdom of heaven's sake." In addition, the verses of Matthew 18 :8,9 and Luke 23 :29 were also cited as support. Of the two types of genital mutilation available to men, emasculation was called the Greater Seal. Castration, by comparison, was called the Lesser Seal. Emasculation was preferable because it rendered a recipient physically incapable of engaging in sinful sexual conduct, allowing them to attain
3408-406: The morning, around 3 a.m. or 4 a.m. Anesthesia is not administered. The penis and testes are tied together with a string, and the elder then makes two diagonal cuts with a sharp surgical knife to completely excise the organs. The elder allows the blood to gush from the wound, which is considered necessary to completely cleanse the recipient of their male parts. This is one reason why
3479-450: The penis and testicles may be removed during a series of stages. Medical surgeons use this method when performing surgery on trans women who want their genitals removed over multiple sex reassignment surgeries (male-to-female) , rather than in a single operation. In these surgeries, the tissue is used and re-shaped into the neo-vagina and vulva. Short-term consequences of emasculation include bleeding and infection. Historically, death
3550-523: The premiere at Sundance. At the 2012 Sundance Film Festival , Magnolia Pictures purchased the North American rights to the film for slightly over $ 1 million. The first theatrical release began in Russia on September 7, 2012. Limited theatrical release began October 5, 2012, in the United States. The film was released onto DVD, Blu-ray, and digital download on December 4, 2012. It was released on
3621-603: The procedure is performed by an elder rather than a medical professional, who might try to stop the haemorrhage, thus interfering with the ritual's cleansing effect. Afterwards, no stitches are taken and the wound is left exposed, although a small stick is inserted into the urethra to prevent urethral stricture. Emasculation was one of the Five Punishments used in ancient China . It was the prescribed punishment for people who engaged in licentious conduct, such as infidelity or rape. The first evidence of its use dates to
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#17327988003563692-465: The procedure. Amongst members of the Hijra community, this issue is subject to considerable debate. In the past, the emasculation procedure was performed by barbers or by the individual themselves (i.e. self-emasculation). Nowadays, the operation is performed by a Hijra elder, also called a dai ma (midwife). They have no medical training, but believe they operate with the power of the patron goddess, Bahuchara Mata . The operation takes place early in
3763-560: The recording was erased as the footage ends. Rox is confused by what he has witnessed and fails to notice that the corpse has also disappeared. Meanwhile, in the basement, Zak and Gary consider making copies of the required tape to get extra money. Childhood friends Joey, Spider, and Samantha accompany their new friend, Wendy, on her annual trip to a lake in a nearby forest. As Wendy leads the way, she mentions an "accident" that took her friends' lives. Joey's digital camera pans certain empty areas and glitched images of mutilated bodies appear in
3834-475: The series, titled V/H/S: Viral , was released on demand on October 23, 2014, and theatrically on November 21, 2014. A fourth installment, titled V/H/S/94 , was released exclusively on Shudder on October 6, 2021. A fifth installment, V/H/S/99 , debuted in the Midnight Madness stream at the 2022 Toronto International Film Festival and was released on Shudder October 20, 2022. V/H/S/85 ,
3905-511: The sixth installment, was released on Shudder on October 6, 2023. The seventh installment, V/H/S/Beyond , was released exclusively on Shudder on October 4, 2024. Found footage (film technique) The most common use of the technique is in horror films , such as The Blair Witch Project , Cannibal Holocaust , Paranormal Activity , Diary of the Dead , Rec , Cloverfield , Trollhunter , V/H/S , and Incantation , in which
3976-423: The street before them and walking amid flocks of birds. The quartet realize that the car has stopped on train tracks and that the woman they rescued is actually a witch . They try to get out as a train approaches, but are unable to start the engine or unlock the doors. The train smashes into the car, killing all inside as the footage ends. A joke ending to "10/31/98" was shot in one take by Radio Silence , in which
4047-442: The term "discovered footage" for the narrative gimmick . Found-footage films typically employ one or more of six cinematic techniques — first-person perspective , pseudo-documentary , mockumentary , news footage, surveillance footage , or screenlife —according to an analysis of 500 found-footage films conducted by Found Footage Critic. As a storytelling technique, found footage has precedents in literature, particularly in
4118-567: The term ' nullo ', meaning someone whose gender has been nullified. In some circumstances, a person may be emasculated involuntarily as the result of an accident, as part of a ritual attack, or due to poor circumcision practice. In these cases, the objective of medical treatment is different than for cases of voluntary emasculation. The goals of treatment are to either reattach the severed genitals or to reconstruct an artificial penis and testes. From 1960 to 2000, involuntarily emasculated infants were surgically reassigned female, similar to
4189-399: The testicles are removed. Although the terms are sometimes used interchangeably, the potential medical consequences of emasculation are more extensive due to the complications arising from the removal of the penis. There are a range of religious, cultural, punitive, and personal reasons why someone may choose to emasculate themselves or another person. The term emasculation may be used in
4260-401: The titular format of VHS on February 5, 2013. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , 56% of 108 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 5.6/10. The website's consensus reads: "An uneven collection of found-footage horror films, V/H/S has some inventive scares but its execution is hit-and-miss." Metacritic , which uses a weighted average , assigned the film
4331-536: The toilet. The next day, on their way to visit the Grand Canyon , Sam notices the missing money and accuses Stephanie of taking it despite her assures that she did not. That night, the intruder enters the room again and repeatedly stabs Sam in the neck with the switchblade, filming as he chokes to death. The camera then shows the intruder—the woman from earlier—wearing a porcelain mask. She is revealed to be Stephanie's lover; they drive away, with Stephanie asking if
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#17327988003564402-419: The treatment received by David Reimer after his penis was burnt off during a circumcision procedure. It is now understood from cases like Reimer's that gender reassignment surgery in infancy can interfere with gender identity formation. Therefore, gender reassignment is no longer the standard practice for involuntarily emasculated infants. By extension, the word emasculation has also come to mean rendering
4473-413: The woman until they are suddenly pulled into the darkness by an unseen force. As more violent paranormal phonomena manifest, the quartet initially flee but go back to the house to rescue the woman, whom they untie and lead to safety. The entire house come to life with poltergeists and the quartet get into their car with the woman, driving away. The car abruptly stops and the woman disappears, reappearing in
4544-551: Was also a potential complication, although the prevalence is disputed. Long term complications include incontinence, urethral stricture , urine retention, urinary tract infection, urine extravasation and bladder stones. Some studies have found that emasculation may cause a range of physiological changes, such as a shortened torso, widened stomach and hips, increased height, bowed legs, and an elongated skull. Additionally, emasculates typically have less or no facial and body hair, increased fatty tissue or gynecomastia , and
4615-447: Was bathed in cold water to numb his senses and, in some instances, his genitals were twisted to reduce blood flow. The recipient was then asked if he consented to the procedure, and if he answered yes the knifer excised the genitals with a single cut. Styptic powder was then applied to the wound to stop bleeding, and a pewter needle or spigot was inserted into the urethra to prevent stenosis (narrowing). Some Chinese emasculates were
4686-413: Was like, "If you like this, go do your thing." In terms of the movie itself getting green lit — the storyline that runs through the whole movie was something that we had originally discussed. So we just went with the decided upon streamlined story and just let the filmmakers go do their thing. Which is kind of a reverse of how you're supposed to do a movie like this. You're supposed to do that last. It became
4757-402: Was motivated by a desire to protect the chastity of women in the court, as emasculation rendered a recipient physically incapable of having sex. While emasculation was a pre-requisite for gaining employment as a palace eunuch, it did not guarantee employment. The emasculation procedure was typically performed by a trained 'knifer', or 'knife expert'. To prepare for the operation, the recipient
4828-447: Was one form of genital mutilation practiced by the Skoptsy, a Russian Christian sect. For males, the other form of mutilation available was castration. Females could remove their nipples, breasts, labia majora , labia minora or clitoris . These practices may have begun sometime during the 1760s, after the sect was founded by Kondratii Selivanov, although they were only discovered by the broader community in 1772. They continued up until
4899-488: Was originally the name of an entirely different genre, it is now frequently used to describe pseudo-documentaries crafted with this narrative technique such as Lake Mungo , Noroi: The Curse and screenlife films such as Unfriended , Searching . The film magazine Variety has, for example, used the term "faux found-footage film" to describe some titles. Film scholar David Bordwell criticizes this recent usage, arguing that it sows confusion, and instead prefers
4970-416: Was overlong, giving the film one star out of four and saying that "None of the segments is particularly compelling. Strung together, it's way too much of a muchness." A sequel, titled V/H/S/2 , premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival in January 2013 and was released on demand on June 6, 2013. It also made a limited theatrical release in the United States on July 12, 2013. A third installment in
5041-561: Was younger. After Emily shows James her new apartment, she hears noises outside her door. A ghostly child-like entity rushes into her room and slams the door; it leads Emily to believe her apartment is haunted. After another encounter with the entity, Emily questions her landlord. He claims no children have ever lived in the complex, nor have any people ever died there. During her next chat with James, Emily attempts to cut into her bump to find out what it is. James urges her to stop to avoid an infection and promises to check on it when he arrives in
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