Misplaced Pages

#22977

59-462: VRN may refer to: Vehicle Registration Number on license plates Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Neckar , a German transport association Verona Airport , Italy (IATA: VRN ) Varig , a Brazilian airline (ICAO: VRN ) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title VRN . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

118-516: A number plate ( British , Indian and Australian English ) or license plate ( American English ) or licence plate ( Canadian English ), is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes. All countries require registration plates for commercial road vehicles such as cars, trucks, and motorcycles, for hire. Whether they are required for other vehicles, such as bicycles, boats, or tractors, may vary by jurisdiction. The registration identifier

177-415: A "plate-to-owner" policy, meaning that when a vehicle is sold the seller removes the current plate(s) from the vehicle. Buyers must either obtain new plates or attach plates they already hold, as well as register their vehicles under the buyer's name and plate number. A person who sells a car and then purchases a new one can apply to have the old plates put onto the new car. One who sells a car and does not buy

236-553: A fine, or to both. Any offence at common law of forgery is abolished. The abolition of a common law offence of forgery does not affect proceedings for any such offence committed before its abolition. Except as regards offences committed before the commencement of the Criminal Justice (Theft and Fraud Offences) Act 2001 and except where the context otherwise requires, without prejudice to section 65(4)(a) of that Act, references to forgery must be construed in accordance with

295-548: A lesser degree. Allowing for repeating letters and digits, the combinations for each of these will be: France was the first country to introduce the registration plate with the enactment of the Paris Police Ordinance on 14 August 1893, followed by Germany in 1896. The Netherlands was the first country to introduce a national registration plate, called a "driving permit", in 1898. Initially these plates were just sequentially numbered, starting at 1, but this

354-403: A new one may, depending on the local laws involved, have to turn the old plates in or destroy them, or may be permitted to keep them. Some jurisdictions permit the registration of the vehicle with "personal" ("vanity" or "cherished mark") plates. In some jurisdictions, plates require periodic replacement, often associated with a design change of the plate itself. Vehicle owners may or may not have

413-471: A parallel history. A sense of "to counterfeit " is already in the Anglo-French verb forger , meaning "falsify". A forgery is essentially concerned with a produced or altered object. Where the prime concern of a forgery is less focused on the object itself – what it is worth or what it "proves" – than on a tacit statement of criticism that is revealed by the reactions the object provokes in others, then

472-434: A registration plate to be attached to both the front and rear of a vehicle, although certain jurisdictions or vehicle types, such as motorcycles , require only one plate, which is usually attached to the rear of the vehicle. Special vehicles, such as agricultural and construction equipment, might have the license plate attached to other parts of the vehicle. National databases relate this number to other information describing

531-590: A standard plate size of 6 inches (15 cm) by 14 inches (36 cm) be adopted through the United States to replace the earlier 6 inches (15 cm) by 12 inches (30 cm) size to allow longer registration numbers to be displayed without excessively tight spacing or excessively thin or narrow characters. In order to combat registration plate fraud, from the 1920s several jurisdictions developed their own anti-fraud typefaces so that characters cannot be painted or modified to resemble other characters. Since

590-535: A third registration plate on the rear of the trailer. An engineering study by the University of Illinois published in 1960 recommended that the state of Illinois adopt a numbering system and plate design "composed of combinations of characters which can be perceived quickly and accurately, are legible at a distance of approximately 125 feet (38 m) under daylight conditions, and are readily adapted to filing and administrative procedures". It also recommended that

649-412: A white background with black letters and digits. Plates exist in a long pattern and a rectangular pattern, similar in size and appearance to French plates. The plate is adorned with a small flag of Burkina Faso in the shape of the country, inscribed in a black circle. The letters "BF" appear below the circle, also in black. This circle and BF design is to the right of the long plate and to the upper right of

SECTION 10

#1732790987023

708-469: A white background with black letters and numbers. Brazil adopted its former system in 1990, which uses the form ABC•1234, with a dot between the letters and the numbers. A combination given to a particular vehicle follows it from first issue to the scrapyard: it cannot be transferred to another vehicle. Above the combination there was a metallic band with the state abbreviation (SP = São Paulo , RJ = Rio de Janeiro , PR = Paraná , AM = Amazonas , etc.) and

767-551: A white plate with black lettering and look quite similar to UK suffix style registrations. The format is LLL 000L, where 'L' denotes a letter and '0' denotes a digit. The older series of number plates were black with white or silver lettering. The rear plates in the older series of number plates were yellow and black lettering. According to Kenya National Bureau of Statistics there are over 1,626,380 vehicles on Kenyan roads as at 2011. New-style (post-1983, black lettering on white) Moroccan vehicle registrations have one or two digits to

826-440: Is a numeric or alphanumeric ID that uniquely identifies the vehicle or vehicle owner within the issuing region's vehicle register . In some countries, the identifier is unique within the entire country, while in others it is unique within a state or province. Whether the identifier is associated with a vehicle or a person also varies by issuing agency. There are also electronic license plates . In Europe, most governments require

885-652: Is abolished for all purposes not relating to offences committed before the commencement of the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981. Forgery is not an official offence under the law of Scotland, except in cases where statute provides otherwise. The Forgery of Foreign Bills Act 1803 was repealed in 2013. In the Republic of Ireland , forgery is an offence under section 25(1) of the Criminal Justice (Theft and Fraud Offences) Act 2001 which provides: A person

944-538: Is defined by section 8, "makes" and "false" by section 9, and "induce" and "prejudice" by section 10. Forgery is triable either way . A person guilty of forgery is liable, on conviction on indictment , to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, or, on summary conviction , to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months, or to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum , or to both. For offences akin to forgery, see English criminal law#Forgery, personation, and cheating . The common law offence of forgery

1003-554: Is equivalent to forging an official document. Alternatively, the government will merely assign plate numbers, and it is the vehicle owner's responsibility to find an approved private supplier to make a plate with that number. Additionally, citizens can create custom plates, following specific guidelines and naming conventions approved by the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA). In some jurisdictions, plates will be permanently assigned to that particular vehicle for its lifetime. If

1062-405: Is guilty of forgery if he or she makes a false instrument with the intention that it shall be used to induce another person to accept it as genuine and, by reason of so accepting it, to do some act, or to make some omission, to the prejudice of that person or any other person. A person guilty of forgery is liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, or to

1121-417: Is more often called counterfeiting . But consumer goods may also be counterfeits if they are not manufactured or produced by the designated manufacturer or producer given on the label or flagged by the trademark symbol. When the object forged is a record or document it is often called a false document . This usage of "forgery" does not derive from metalwork done at a blacksmith's forge , but it has

1180-631: Is the forging of Vermeer 's paintings by Han van Meegeren , and in its turn the forging of Van Meegeren's work by his son Jacques van Meegeren . In England and Wales and Northern Ireland , forgery is an offence under section 1 of the Forgery and Counterfeiting Act 1981 , which provides: A person is guilty of forgery if he makes a false instrument, with the intention that he or another shall use it to induce somebody to accept it as genuine, and by reason of so accepting it to do or not to do some act to his own or any other person’s prejudice. "Instrument"

1239-759: The Department of National Defence . All provinces issue plates in which the letters and numbers are embossed so that they are slightly raised above its surface. The territory of Nunavut introduced the first flat registration plate in Canada in July 2012. In the Canadian provinces and territories of Alberta , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , the Northwest Territories , Nova Scotia , Nunavut, Prince Edward Island , Quebec , Saskatchewan , and

SECTION 20

#1732790987023

1298-537: The ISO 3166-2:BO code, is displayed on either a metal tab on older plates or a sticker on newer plates. The current registration plate design consists of a white background with a blue borderline and blue letters and numbers. Serial digits progress sequentially from right to left, with the 000 AAA format followed by the 1 000AAA format and currently the 4 000AAA format. Older plate serials consisted of three numbers followed by three letters (A to Z, except O and Q). They had

1357-453: The Yukon , registration plates are currently only required on the rear of the vehicle. The remaining provinces – British Columbia , Manitoba , and Ontario  – require the registration plates to be mounted on both the front and rear of the vehicle. When a person moves from one province to another, they are normally required to obtain new registration plates issued by

1416-405: The 16th century, imitators of Albrecht Dürer 's style of printmaking improved the market for their own prints by signing them "AD", making them forgeries. In the 20th century the art market made forgeries highly profitable. There are widespread forgeries of especially valued artists, such as drawings originally by Pablo Picasso , Paul Klee , and Henri Matisse . A special case of double forgery

1475-518: The 1990s, many jurisdictions have adopted the FE-Schrift typeface. English uses twenty-six letters (languages such as German , Icelandic and Danish have more letters), so assuming that the letters vs. digits must appear in particular locations (common on plates in most jurisdictions, for instance four decimal digits and two letters where the letters must come first, allowing AB1234 but excluding A12B34), allowing for repeating letters and digits,

1534-422: The 21st century, most plates are made out of aluminium . Metal plates are manufactured through one of two processes: embossing or riveting. For embossing, a plate is placed between dies on each side corresponding to the desired characters and compressed by a press. For riveting, holes are drilled through the plate and then individual letters are riveted one-by-one to the plate. New technology has allowed for

1593-822: The Northwest Territories are shaped like a polar bear but bolt to the standard holes. Nunavut inherited this design on its creation but switched to rectangular plates in 2012. Canadian Forces vehicles that travel on regular roads display registration plates. These vehicles have registration plates issued by the Department of National Defence . Domestic plates were issued by the DND after 1968. Most Canadian provinces offer personalized or vanity license plates, where one can display their own unique combination of characters. Prison inmates in Ontario make registration plates. Forgery Forging money or currency

1652-603: The amount of the loss, yielding eight years in prison. In Connecticut , forgery in the Third Degree, which is a class B misdemeanor is punishable by up to 6 months in jail, a $ 1000 fine, and probation; forgery in the First Degree, which is a class C felony, is punishable by a maximum 10 years in prison, a fine of up to $ 10,000 fine, or both. As to the effect, in the United Kingdom, of a forged signature on

1711-480: The combinations for each of these will be: If letters and digits can appear in any order, it is problematic to allow both the letter O and the digit 0 to be used. Even if the license plate uses distinguishable characters for the two, someone transcribing the plate may not know which symbol has which meaning, and the owner of plate EM6F9VO may get in trouble for something the owner of plate EM6F9V0 did. Other letter–digit pairs, like I and 1, may be similarly problematic to

1770-451: The decentralized phase (until 1972) and the centralized one (since 1972). During the decentralized phase, registration plates were assigned by each municipality or by the provinces, while during the second phase, the national state took charge of standardizing and centralizing the design and style. Argentina has used the ABC 123 format since 1995. However, from 2016, new registration plates with

1829-755: The development of digital license plates. In 2018, Michigan approved Public Act 656, making electronic license plates legal. Early 20th century plates varied in size and shape from one jurisdiction to the next, such that if someone moved or the car was resold in a new area, new holes would need to be drilled into the automobile (often on the bumper) to support the new plate, or an adapter plate be made. Standardization of plates came in 1957, when automobile manufacturers came to agreement with governments and international standards organizations. While peculiar local variants exist, there are four basic standards worldwide: Additional sizes include: Previous sizes included: Algerian registration plates are manufactured according to

VRN - Misplaced Pages Continue

1888-405: The front and rear of the vehicle. Motorcycles (50cc or more) must be licensed and only bear rear plates. Registration is performed at the local police or Gendarmerie station. The first digits of the plate indicate the province in which the vehicle is registered. Only plates which meet government standards and are sold by licensed dealers may be fitted. Private passenger car registration plates have

1947-447: The government holds a monopoly on the manufacturing of vehicle registration plates for that jurisdiction. Either a government agency or a private company with express contractual authorization from the government makes plates as needed, which are then mailed to, delivered to, or picked up by the vehicle owners. Thus, it is normally illegal for private citizens to make and affix their own plates, because such unauthorized private manufacturing

2006-434: The intent to defraud, knowing that he or she has no authority to do so." The written document usually has to be an instrument of legal significance. Punishments for forgery vary widely. In California, forgery for an amount under $ 950 can result in misdemeanor charges and no jail time, while a forgery involving a loss of over $ 500,000 can result in three years in prison for the forgery plus a five-year "conduct enhancement" for

2065-423: The larger process is a hoax . In a hoax, a rumor or a genuine object planted in a concocted situation, may substitute for a forged physical object. The similar crime of fraud is the crime of deceiving another, including through the use of objects obtained through forgery. Forgery is one of the techniques of fraud, including identity theft . Forgery is one of the threats addressed by security engineering . In

2124-420: The left, the country's name centered and country flag on the right. On the bottom left, there is the international vehicle registration code for Brazil: BR . The plates are always white: the letter coloring indicates the category (e.g., black on white: private; blue on white: official, police, fire departments, etc.; red on white: taxis, buses, paid freight, etc.). A new format based on the previous one, ABC1D23,

2183-454: The letter Q , to avoid confusion with O . Botswana number plates have a reflective white front and yellow rear background, and black lettering. Government vehicles all have the prefix "BX", these number plates have a white reflective background with red lettering at the front and white on red at the rear. After 'BX' are the last two numerals of the date of issue and then up to four digits issued serially. Botswana Defence Force vehicles have

2242-616: The license plate (when that information appears on the plate). Plates are designed to conform to standards with regard to being read by eye in day or at night, or by electronic equipment. Some drivers purchase clear, smoke-colored or tinted covers that go over the registration plate to prevent electronic equipment from scanning the registration plate. Legality of these covers varies. Some cameras incorporate filter systems that make such avoidance attempts unworkable, usually with infra-red filters. Vehicles pulling trailers , such as caravans and semi-trailer trucks , are typically required to display

2301-418: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VRN&oldid=1217889394 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Vehicle Registration Number A vehicle registration plate , also known as

2360-519: The logo of Mercosur and the AB 123 CD format were implemented. Both formats coexist temporarily. Bolivia 's current registration plate system consists of four numbers followed by three letters. At the top of the plate, "BOLIVIA" is spelled out. At the top left corner, the Bolivian flag may be present, and at the top right corner, a letter denoting the department in which the car is registered, according to

2419-417: The name of the municipality in which the vehicle title owner resides. During the first registration of a new vehicle, the registering state issues a registration plate to the vehicle rather than owner, and the serial stays with the vehicle for its life. Brazil, as a member of Mercosur , from September 2018 on, began a new registration system where plates have a blue band at the top with the logo of Mercosur on

VRN - Misplaced Pages Continue

2478-495: The new place of residence. In 1956, all North American passenger vehicle registration plates (except for French-controlled St. Pierre and Miquelon ), were standardized at a size of 6 in × 12 in (152 mm × 305 mm), although a smaller size is used for certain vehicle classes, such as motorcycles , and for the state of Delaware's historic alternate black and white plates, which are 5.25 in × 9.5 in (133 mm × 241 mm). The plates of

2537-414: The option to keep their original plate number, and may have to pay a fee to exercise this option. Alternately, or additionally, vehicle owners have to replace a small decal on the plate or use a decal on the windshield to indicate the expiration date of the vehicle registration , periodic safety and/or emissions inspections or vehicle taxation. Other jurisdictions have replaced the decal requirement through

2596-464: The prefix "BDF" in white on an 'army' green background. Diplomatic vehicles' number plates start with two numerals which indicate the embassy to which they are attached, then two letters CD (Corps Diplomatique), CC (Consular Corps status) or CT (Foreign Technical and Advisory personnel) and another three digits which are serial. The official car of the Head of Mission uses the letters CMD rather than CD and

2655-468: The private vehicle uses CDA. This series is allocated by the Minister of Foreign Affairs. Botswana is the former British Protectorate of Bechuanaland , and number plates then used a 'BP' prefix (then BPA, BPB, etc.) followed by up to three digits, in white on black background, the plates being made in the characteristic style of South Africa at that time. Vehicles are fitted with registration plates in

2714-542: The provisions of that Act. Forgery is an offence under sections 366, 367 and 368 of the Canadian Criminal Code . The offence is a hybrid offence , subject to a maximum prison sentence of: Forgery is a crime in all jurisdictions within the United States , both state and federal. Most states, including California , describe forgery as occurring when a person alters a written document "with

2773-412: The rectangular plate. Motorcycle plates are similar to rectangular automobile plates, but smaller. Commercial registration plates are similar in appearance to private plates, but the background is blue, and the writing and circle are white. Security forces plates are black with white letters. They are adorned with the emblem of the relevant security service. The current scheme of regular license plates

2832-419: The right of the plate to indicate the town of registration. Each number is separated by a vertical line. To the left of the plate are a series of up to 5 digits issued consecutively. These are separated from the town of registration digits by a hyphen. Earlier plates (1972–1983, black lettering on white. Pre-1972, white lettering on black) differed in that they could have either one or two numbers to indicate

2891-422: The same standards as their French counterparts (prior to 2009), using the same font and dimensions – although there has been a recent tendency to apply custom typefaces (impact and century gothic have been observed). Normal vehicles have number plates starting with the letter B , followed by three digits, followed by three letters. The digits and letters are assigned by a registrar. The three letters never include

2950-521: The town of registration. The group of digits was separated from the rest of the plate by a vertical line. The current plates use numerals without script. Earlier plates used numerals and included Arabic script . South African number plates are unique in each of the provinces . Each province has its own number plate design and colors, as well as numbering scheme. The history of registration plates in Argentina can be broken down in two major phases:

3009-418: The use of computerization: a central database maintains records of which plate numbers are associated with expired registrations, communicating with automated number plate readers to enable law-enforcement to identify expired registrations in the field. Plates are usually fixed directly to a vehicle or to a plate frame that is fixed to the vehicle. Sometimes, the plate frames contain advertisements inserted by

SECTION 50

#1732790987023

3068-452: The vehicle is either destroyed or exported to a different jurisdiction, the plate number is retired or reissued; exported vehicles must be re-registered in the jurisdiction of import. China requires the re-registration of any vehicle that crosses its borders from another country, such as for overland tourist visits, regardless of the length of time it is due to remain there; this has to be arranged with prior approval. Other jurisdictions follow

3127-439: The vehicle service centre or the dealership from which the vehicle was purchased. Vehicle owners can also purchase customized frames to replace the original frames. In some jurisdictions registration plate frames are illegal or have design restrictions. For example, many states, like Texas, allow plate frames but prohibit plate frames from covering the name of the state, province, district, Native American tribe or country that issued

3186-407: The vehicle, such as the make, model , colour , year of manufacture, engine size, type of fuel used, mileage recorded (and other similar data in jurisdictions where vehicles are regularly inspected for roadworthiness every year or two), vehicle identification number (chassis number), and the name and address of the vehicle's registered owner or keeper. In the vast majority of jurisdictions,

3245-414: Was changed in 1906. In the United States , where each state issues plates, New York State has required plates since 1903 (black numerals on a white background) after first requiring in 1901 only that the owner's initials be clearly visible on the back of the vehicle. At first, plates were not government-issued in most jurisdictions and motorists were obliged to make their own. In 1903, Massachusetts

3304-459: Was implemented. All used cars, when transferred to another owner, must change to the new format keeping their registration, where only its second number (the fifth position of the alphanumeric combination) shall change to a letter, following the pattern: 0=A, 1=B, 2=C, 3=D, ... 9=J. As of 2020 , both formats coexist for the time being. In Canada, license plates are issued on the provincial or territorial level. Federally issued plates are only used by

3363-661: Was introduced in 1985. It has AB1234V formats or AB123VH where AB is the code region, 1234 is the number, and SH is the series. The regular plate has an orange background with black marks. Since 2005, to reflect the German FE font used, on the left side of the plate are the emblems of the Economic Community of Central African States code and the CMR emblem. The current series of vehicle registration plates in Kenya are on

3422-484: Was issued for a Clément-Talbot on 31 October 1900 in Palma de Mallorca . 256 vehicles were registered between 1901 and 1905. The earliest plates were made of enamel on metal or ceramic with no backing, which made them fragile and impractical. Few of these early plates survived. Later experimental materials include cardboard , leather , plastic , and, during wartime shortages, copper and pressed soybeans . As of

3481-551: Was the first state to issue plates. In 1928, Idaho was the first state to put a logo on the plate (the "Idaho Potato"). In Spain , the first law to define rules on non-animal vehicle traction was Real orden de 1897 de circulación de vehículos cuyo motor no sea la fuerza animal and the registration of vehicles was defined as a provincial task in the Reglamento de 1900 para el servicio de coches automóviles por las carreteras . The first Spanish registration plate, PM–1,

#22977