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28-657: According to legend there was a cave on the banks of the river which was dedicated to Hercules. There pilgrims came to read their fate in the Tables of Knowledge, as they were called. The river is mentioned by Pausanias in his Description of Greece . This article related to a river in Greece is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Pausanias (geographer) Pausanias ( / p ɔː ˈ s eɪ n i ə s / paw- SAY -nee-əs ; ‹See Tfd› Greek : Παυσανίας ; c.  110  – c.  180 )

56-450: A Prussian Junker , was Arnold Wilamowitz, of Szlachta origin and using the Ogończyk coat of arms , while his mother was Ulrika, née Calbo. The couple settled in a small manor confiscated from a local noble in 1836. The Prussian part of their name, von Moellendorf, was acquired in 1813 when Prussian field marshal Wichard Joachim Heinrich von Möllendorf adopted Ulrich's ancestors. Wilamowitz,

84-456: A coma for a short time. He is buried in his native village, along with his wife, Maria (1855–1936), and their only son, Tycho. He also had a daughter, Dorothea Freifrau Hiller von Gaertringen, wife of archaeologist Friedrich Hiller von Gaertringen , who died on 24 March 1972. Wilamowitz is one of the central figures of 19th and 20th century Classical philology. As a great authority on the literature and history of Ancient Greece , Wilamowitz took

112-437: A damning response. The issue at stake was the deprecation of Euripides , on whom Nietzsche blamed the destruction of Greek tragedy . Wilamowitz saw the methods of his adversaries as an attack on the basic tenets of scientific thought, unmasking them as enemies of the scientific method . His polemic was considered as Classical philology's reply to Nietzsche's challenge. At the age of 80 when Wilamowitz wrote his memoirs, he saw

140-482: A formative influence on him. Willamowitz's relationship with Usener was strained. He developed a lifelong rivalry with his fellow student Friedrich Nietzsche and a close friendship with his contemporary Hermann Diels . Together with Diels, he moved to Berlin in 1869, where he graduated as a Doctor of Philosophy cum laude in 1870. After voluntary service in the Franco-Prussian War , he embarked on

168-636: A further professorial position at Georg-August-Universität in Göttingen . Here, he continued to teach Classical Philology but also gave replacement lectures in Ancient History . His influence ensured the employment of his Greifswald colleague, Julius Wellhausen , in Göttingen. In 1891, he became vice-chancellor of the university, and he was appointed a member of Göttingen's Royal Academy of Sciences one year later. When Wilamowitz left Göttingen, he

196-496: A past tense verb rather than the present tense in some instances. Their interpretation is that he did this in order to make it seem as if he were in the same temporal setting as his audience. Unlike a modern day travel guide, in Description of Greece Pausanias tends to elaborate with discussion of an ancient ritual or to impart a myth related to the site he is visiting. His style of writing would not become popular again until

224-483: A professorial title for his study Analecta Euripidea . In the same year, he gave his first public academic lecture in Berlin. In 1876, he was employed as Ordinarius (full professor) for Classical Philology at Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität at Greifswald . During this period, he also married Marie Mommsen, the eldest daughter of Theodor Mommsen , and published Homeric Studies ( Homerische Studien ). In 1883, he took

252-595: A purveyor of second-hand accounts and believed that Pausanias had not visited most of the places that he described. Modern archaeological research, however, has been revealing the accuracy of information imparted by Pausanias, and even its potential as a guide for further investigations. Research into Tartessos exemplifies where his writing about it is aiding contemporary archaeological research into its existence, location, and culture. Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff Enno Friedrich Wichard Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff (22 December 1848 – 25 September 1931)

280-601: A scientific organiser, he was also responsible for the publication of important standard-setting source material publications, such as Inscriptiones Graecae . He also passionately supported the preservation of Classical education in the German school system. Notable pupils of his include Felix Jacoby , Karl Mittelhaus , Wolfgang Schadewaldt , Eduard Fraenkel , Werner Jaeger , Johannes Geffcken , Paul Maas , Eduard Schwartz , Gilbert Murray , Paul Friedländer , Friedrich Solmsen and Johannes Sykutris . In recent decades,

308-518: A stance against traditional methodology and textual criticism . As a representative of Postclassicism, he concentrated less on literary history but rather aimed to extract biographical information on the respective authors from the preserved texts. Thus, he employed historical perspectives to serve philology. Apart from his seminal general works ( Greek Literature from Antiquity , Hellenistic Poetry ), he published numerous detailed studies of Euripides , Homer , Aeschylus , Pindar and Aristotle . As

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336-695: A study tour to Italy and Greece. Even before he gained a professorial title, Wilamowitz was a member of a scholarly dispute about Nietzsche's Birth of Tragedy that attracted much attention. In 1872–73, he published two unusually aggressive polemics ( German : "Zukunftsphilologie" , i.e. "Philology of the future" ), which strongly attacked Nietzsche (then Professor at the University of Basel ) and Professor Erwin Rohde ( University of Kiel ). Richard Wagner , whose views on art had influenced Nietzsche and Rohde, reacted by publishing an open letter and Rohde wrote

364-540: A third child, grew up in East Prussia . In 1867 Wilamowitz passed his Abitur at the renowned boarding school at Schulpforta . Here he was educated and learned, amongst the rest, the English language, also studying privately with Dietrich Volkmann, teacher and then Master of the school. Until 1869, he studied Classical Philology at the University of Bonn . His teachers, Otto Jahn and Hermann Usener , had

392-459: Is honest about his sourcing, sometimes confirming contemporary knowledge by him that may be lost to modern researchers. Until twentieth-century archaeologists concluded that Pausanias was a reliable guide to sites being excavated, classicists largely had dismissed the writings of Pausanias as purely literary. Following their presumed authoritative contemporary Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff , classicists tended to regard him as little more than

420-681: The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (1909) and the Scientific Society of Lund (1921). During his presidency of the Prussian Academy, Wilamowitz oversaw the continuation of August Böckh 's and Adolf Kirchhoff 's publication series, the Inscriptiones Graecae . Wilamowitz had a formative influence on the further development of that project, which he directed until his death. Wilamowitz

448-632: The Berlin Institute for Ancient Studies ( Institut für Altertumskunde ) in 1897. His public lectures on subjects of Classical antiquity , which took place twice a week, attracted large audiences. In 1891, Wilamowitz was elected a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and he was a full member from 1899. In 1902 he took the academy's presidency. As a member of the Göttingen Academy, he strongly encouraged

476-468: The conflict with Nietzsche less passionately but did not retract the essential points of his critique. He stated that he had not fully realised at the time that Nietzsche was not interested in scientific understanding but rather in Wagner's musical drama, but also that he was nevertheless right to take his position against Nietzsche's "rape of historical facts and all historical method ". In 1875, he gained

504-444: The early nineteenth century when contemporary travel guides resembled his. In the topographical aspect of his work, Pausanias makes many natural history digressions on the wonders of nature documented at the time, the signs that herald the approach of an earthquake , the phenomena of the tides , the ice-bound seas of the north, and that at the summer solstice the noonday sun casts no shadow at Syene ( Aswan ). While he never doubts

532-439: The existence of the deities and heroes, he criticizes some of the myths and legends he encountered during his travels as differing from earlier cultural traditions that he relates or notes. His descriptions of monuments of art are plain and unadorned, bearing a solid impression of reality. Pausanias is frank in acknowledging personal limitations. When he quotes information at second hand rather than relating his own experiences, he

560-568: The mainland of Greece, writing about various monuments, sacred spaces, and significant geographical sites along the way. In writing his Description of Greece , Pausanias sought to put together a lasting written account of "all things Greek", or panta ta hellenika . Being born in Asia Minor , Pausanias was of Greek heritage. He grew up and lived under the rule of the Roman Empire , but valued his Greek identity, history, and culture. He

588-631: The publication of the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae . From 1897 he also worked as a member of the academy's Commission for Patristics . In 1894 he was elected full member of the German Archaeological Institute . He also was editor of the series Philologische Untersuchungen from 1880 to 1925. Further, Wilamowitz taught as a guest lecturer in Oxford (1908) and Uppsala (1912), was a corresponding member of

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616-515: The sites and cultural details he mentions although knowledge of their existence may have become lost or relegated to myth or legend. Nothing is known about Pausanias apart from what historians can piece together from his own writing. However, it is probable that he was born c.  110 AD into a Greek family and was probably a native of Lydia in Asia Minor. From c.  150 until his death around 180, Pausanias travelled throughout

644-400: Was a Greek traveler and geographer of the second century AD. He is famous for his Description of Greece ( Ἑλλάδος Περιήγησις , Hēlládos Periḗgēsis ), a lengthy work that describes ancient Greece from his firsthand observations. Description of Greece provides crucial information for making links between classical literature and modern archaeology , which is providing evidence of

672-558: Was a German classical philologist . Wilamowitz, as he is known in scholarly circles, was a renowned authority on Ancient Greece and its literature . Wilamowitz-Moellendorff was born in Markowitz (Markowice) , a small village near Hohensalza (Inowrocław) , in the then Province of Posen (now part of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship ), to a Germanized family of distant Polish ancestry. His father,

700-441: Was also active as a classical philologist, fell in the battle of Ivangorod . The memorandum appeared a few days later. In 1878, he married Maria Mommsen, the eldest daughter of the famous ancient historian , Theodor Mommsen , whom he actively assisted in the completion of his Roman History . Wilamowitz spent his last years in seclusion, suffering from severe kidney problems. He died in Berlin on 25 September 1931, having been in

728-712: Was an initiator of the memorandum Erklärung der Hochschullehrer des Deutschen Reiches ("Declaration by the University Teachers of the German Reich"), in which 3,016 signatories supported German participation in the First World War. Shortly after, he also signed the Manifesto of the Ninety-Three , from which he distanced himself later. In 1914, his son, Tycho von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, who

756-707: Was keen to describe the glories of a Greek past that still was relevant in his lifetime, even if the country was beholden to Rome as a dominating imperial force. Pausanias's pilgrimage throughout the land of his ancestors was his own attempt to establish a place in the world for this new Roman Greece, connecting myths and stories of ancient culture to those of his own time. Pausanias has a straightforward and simple writing style. He is, overall, direct in his language, writing his stories and descriptions unelaborately. However, some translators have noted that Pausanias's use of various prepositions and tenses may be confusing and difficult to render in English. For example, Pausanias may use

784-512: Was succeeded by Georg Kaibel , a close associate from his student days and his successor at Greifswald. In 1897, with the support of his friend Diels, Wilamowitz was offered a position at the Royal Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität at Berlin, as successor to Ernst Curtius . He stayed until his retirement in 1921. In 1915, he was appointed chancellor of the university for one year. Together with Diels, he founded

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