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50-530: Plagued by several fires, at least one of which was from suspected arson, as well as a decline in attendance with the emergence of television, the venue was closed following the 3rd such fire on May 12, 1960. After considerable delay, the building was ultimately demolished in August 1964. Today the space where it once stood is occupied by the Valley Arena Park, a small recreational green space managed by

100-410: A brand out of their own personalities and the parties they host, marketing the events under a consistent name, style, type of program, and social experience that downplays the branding of the venue or artist. They may develop a loyal clientele that will follow them from one location to another. In cosmopolitan cities with large affluent populations, there are upscale venues that employ the services of

150-900: A cottage industry , with companies operated by one or several well-connected charismatic individuals, often working part-time. However, with the rise of corporate ownership of live entertainment assets, several large companies have emerged in the field. There are often disputes over money in the promotions industry because it is largely cash business with a history of corruption and uneven recordkeeping . In addition there are many accounting complexities to manage, particularly for large events: revenue, expenses, and oversight of parking , coat checks , concession vendor sales (e.g.,  CDs and t-shirts ), box office so-called " convenience fees ", in kind trades, promotional give-away items used to lure guests (e.g., free drinks), costs for insurance , cleaning staff, and so on. One area of frequent contention are quid pro quo cross-promotions , where

200-505: A $ 72 statewide initiative, Governor Charlie Baker 's administration announced a $ 6.56 million grant to support street, alley, and traffic infrastructure improvement in the neighborhood around Carlos Vega Park. The grant was part of a larger set of projects, including a mixed owner-renter housing development around the park to be funded and built by the Holyoke Housing Authority , and capital infrastructure improvement by

250-744: A capacity- his only previous referee role being at a venue in New Orleans. Throughout nearly the entirety of its existence the Arena booked many famous musicians for its night club, which featured its own in-house orchestra. Spanning generations, it hosted many famous musicians across several genres, including jazz, blues, big band, country, soul, and rock & roll with such names as- Count Basie , Duke Ellington , Wee Bonnie Baker , The Dorsey Brothers , The Ink Spots , Lionel Hampton , Roy Rogers , The Glenn Miller Orchestra , Sarah Vaughan , The Temptations , Shep Fields , and Jack Teagarden . The venue

300-415: A fighter" The venue was known for having raucous crowds, notably on April 26, 1954, when a boxer, Howard Saligny of New York, made low blows against one Gerry Tessier of Springfield, within minutes the ringside spectators had poured into the ring punching and kicking Saligny to the ground; police eventually restored order. The Arena hosted the first match in the continental United States of Sixto Escobar ,

350-621: A fixed fee, or under a revenue sharing arrangement with the venue holder, thus keeping larger profits from successful events. One common arrangement for small venues is for the promoter to earn all of the admissions fees, while the venue retains all food and drink revenue. Some venues have exclusive arrangements with a single promotion company, others work with multiple promoters on a rotating schedule (one night per week, for example), or on an event-by-event basis. Promoters often work together — either as equal partners, or as subcontractors to each other's events. Several promoters may work together for

400-491: A hotel in Holyoke but always continued to New York after the job...After driving all night, we would have a 10:00 a.m. rehearsal...The shows started about noon and wound up around 11:00 p.m. It was a long day. The balcony ran around the arena in a complete circle...The show better be good, or you became a target! There were four bars in the arena, which we visited between each show, so by 11:00 p.m., we were feeling pretty good. It

450-483: A motion, passed unanimously, opposing the use of the hall for wrestling or boxing matches. The venue would reopen following its last reconstruction, on September 28, 1953. After the final fire on May 12, 1960, Oreal Rainault elected not to not attempt rebuilding the venue. Following a prolonged period where the burnt-out ruins of the building sat vacant, the Valley Arena Gardens were demolished throughout

500-424: A political controversy when the mayor of Holyoke at that time, Henry J. Toepfert instituted a ban on all vaudeville acts on Sundays, building on previous Massachusetts blue laws that prevented dancing or the use of "grotesque" costumes on Sundays. The Arena had however already booked several such acts for Sundays from prior contracts, and was allowed by the city to continue them, despite protest from other venues in

550-437: A possible evacuation. In total the fire caused an estimated $ 250,000 of damages (approx. $ 2.3 million in 2018 USD), and injured 6 firefighters. The fire had begun in the basement, and with the premises flooded for several days, firefighters were not immediately able to determine its cause. While formal inquests were made and hours of testimony given by the owners and multiple employees under oath, conflicting accounts were found and

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600-437: A pre-arranged fee, or a share of revenues (colloquially known as a "cut" and "share of the house"), or both. A share of revenues is often a simple percentage of admission fees (called "the door") and/or food and drink sales, with many variations possible, such as minimums or maximums, allowances for various expenses, or limitations (such as only alcohol sales after midnight). Other promoters operate independently, renting venues for

650-511: A promoter would really begin after 1920, when the Commonwealth officially legalized boxing, theretofore an underground sport. On August 11, 1925, Valley Arena, Inc. was formally incorporated, and by October 23, 1925, the company had purchased an old brick gasholder house from the City of Holyoke's municipal gas works . The sale at the time was listed in the register of deeds as a land sale as

700-573: A rising star from Mexico. In 1944, the Arena's founder Homer Rainault died unexpectedly from a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 58; by that time he had gained a reputation as a promoter for giving many nationally famous boxers their start in the Connecticut Valley. The board of directors ultimately voted for his nephew, Oreal D. Rainault to take his place. Rainault would eventually sell the venue in 1952 to two businessmen, Jack and Ralph Kane of Norfolk, Virginia; making it clear that this sale

750-511: A second show at Riverside Park in Agawam. A prior contract had stipulated he not perform at any venue within 21 miles for 21 days before or after their booked show. While a temporary injunction was granted, it was ultimately dismissed. Among other early sporting events hosted at the Arena, the venue also served as the home for the local amateur basketball league's "All-Valley Team", which included at least two players who had been invited to play in

800-462: A sharp right overhand which had also left a gash across his cheek. Escobar was declared winner of the match by technical knockout . The Arena hosted Rocky Marciano's professional debut in the ring, as a 4-round opener against Holyoke native Lee (real name Leslie V.) Epperson on St. Patrick's Day, March 17, 1947. In the first professional bout of his career the Brockton native, then stationed in

850-499: A special event, such as a large New Year's Eve party in a hotel ballroom. They may also engage freelance hosts for their social influence; these amateur promoters market the events to their circle of friends and/or social media followers, in exchange for special treatment and/or free admission to the event and at times, and may form or be included in street teams that promote events at other live venues. Minimally, an event promoter manages publicity and advertising . Depending on

900-464: A special kind of promoter called an image promoter. The role of the image promoter is to bring celebrities or fashion models to high end venues and host them at a VIP table. In order to entice models and celebrities to come to the venue, the image promoter is provided with a VIP table and complementary alcohol. High end venues use the presence of models and celebrities to market their venue to an affluent clientele which may often only obtain admittance to

950-478: The American Basketball League . Wrestling was also a common event at the venue, with such names as Arnold Skaaland , Angelo Savoldi , Chief Don Eagle , and Bull Curry . The Fabulous Moolah made her New England debut at the Arena under the name June Ellison on June 25, 1949. Hans Mortier , billed as Tarzan Zorro, made his New England debut at the Arena on October 8, 1952. The land where

1000-405: The "door policy" used by bouncers to decide who will be admitted and at what price. To deal with these complexities event contracts can become quite long and detailed. Whether written or not, these arrangements tend to favor the party with the greater sophistication or the more control over the production of the event. Even the most detailed, professionally written and negotiated contracts can become

1050-402: The 20th century. There was a large "post-Hurricane Maria migration of Puerto Ricans" to Holyoke after Hurricane Maria struck the island of Puerto Rico on September 20, 2017. As of 2018, the neighborhood's residents were predominantly Puerto Rican , with the highest concentration of any such population in Holyoke or New England, representing 73.3% of residents. On December 10, 2019, as part of

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1100-509: The Arena's history broke out. An hour after owner Homer Rainault left the building, local patrolmen reported seeing flames billowing out of the building. Starting on the first floor and filling all reaches, the fire caused between an estimated $ 150,000–$ 200,000 in damage (approx. $ 2.1 to 2.5 million in 2017 USD). The building was insured however, but only for $ 100,000; in the weeks following the fire, owner Homer Rainault expressed doubts over rebuilding. Ultimately Rainault decided to rebuild, and used

1150-534: The Arena. In his 2008 memoir, Don't Bury Me in My Tuxedo , Daryl "Flea" Campbell, best known as one of the earliest trumpet players to tour with Tommy Dorsey 's act, expanded on this, describing his time there with Charlie Spivak 's band: "Whenever we played a string of one-nighters in New England, we always seemed to wind up at the Holyoke arena... after traveling all night to get there. We never checked in

1200-593: The Holyoke War Memorial Building as a music venue for the remainder of the year, hosting a number of artists, including The Ink Spots , during this time. Fights continued at a local club in Springfield and by August of that year, Rainault had put everything in place to rebuild. Eight months after the devastating fire, the venue reopened on February 28, 1944 with a 10 round match between bantamweight champion Louis Salica and one Mario Colon,

1250-436: The air force at Westover , was billed as "Rocky Mackianno of Westover Field" or "Rocky Mac" for short. Having been set up for the opening fight by a friend who had known Rainault, Marciano managed to hold on for the first two rounds as Epperson landed several blows as his own missed. The match came to an abrupt end however, 42 seconds into the third round when Marciano landed a sharp right uppercut , knocking his opponent through

1300-538: The area became characterized by factories and worker housing, seeing influxes of different immigrant groups from Germany ; with industrialist millwrights emigrating from Rhineland and about half of workers from Saxony , by 1875 it had the highest population, per capita, of German immigrants of any neighborhood or ward in New England, representing 88% of residents. In subsequent decades this demographic would Americanize and dissipate, with other immigrant communities settling there from Canada, Greece, and Puerto Rico into

1350-614: The arrangement, they may also handle security , ticket sales , event admission (door policies), decorations, and booking of other entertainers. Many promoters are DJs or musicians themselves, and may perform at their own events. Some bloggers and individuals with a large following on social media may consider themselves as promoters and charge fees promotional service via their social media platform(s), or through their efforts. Many musicians and artists act as de facto promoters for their own concerts, either directly or through their manager or booking company . Historically, promotion has been

1400-656: The city. Prior to its permanent home in the gashouse, the Valley Arena was first established in a space at 560-66 Main Street in 1916 by Homer Rainault, and his business partner Amedee F. Goulet, as a gym. The two had previously run a cigar counter and billiard academy for 23 years in the same neighborhood, and by the time they opened the Valley Arena, Rainault was a promoter who had previously organized fights in Hartford , Troy , and West Springfield . Rainault's career as

1450-429: The city. The Arena was also host to a number of well-known comedians. On three occasions, October 5, 1947, November 23, 1947 and April 30, 1950, The Three Stooges , Moe, Larry, and Shemp, gave performances at the venue. On an unknown date in the summer of 1950, comedian Lenny Bruce reportedly did a set . Comic Jerry Colonna would also perform at the Arena in 1946 and briefly made news when Oreal Rainault sued him for

1500-410: The end of 1952, concerns had been raised by Holyoke police and fire departments about overcrowding at the venue's night club. On December 23, the police and fire chiefs held a conference stating that maximum capacities would be discussed with and enforced by the Arena's management, denying rumors that the venue was being given a pass. Only three days after that press conference, on December 26, 1952,

1550-556: The fire was deemed "of unknown but suspicious origin" by the state police captain tasked with its investigation. While the city had allowed boxing to continue in the Holyoke War Memorial building during the previous fire, this was not the case the second time. Before Jack Kane or anyone else associated with the arena could approach the War Memorial Commission, their chairman Thomas Epstein introduced

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1600-401: The first Puerto Rican to win a world title. On May 7, 1934, Escobar, a bantamweight , defeated bantamweight contender and Canadian flyweight champion Bobby Leitham, in a fight that made headlines in local papers and was described as a "dramatic upset". The match of 10 rounds was ended abruptly in the seventh, when a referee realized the extent to which Leitham's left eye had been hemorrhaged by

1650-403: The game did not go to their liking". In the earliest days, the players and attendees of these games as well as the settlers of the area were largely Irish, as one of the three early working class Irish settlements in Holyoke, rarely referred to as "The Bush", with others being "The Patch" in the downtown and "The Flats" to the north. By the 1890s these baseball fields had largely disappeared and

1700-412: The gasholder house had been previously decommissioned in 1915, was briefly considered as a site for a new public bathhouse , but had remained unoccupied since. After 3 months of construction, the new converted Valley Arena Gardens debuted with their first fight on February 8, 1926 with a match between one "Petey" Mack and Leo "Kid" Roy . On June 13, 1943, at approximately 2am, the first of three fires in

1750-538: The month of August, 1964. While it hosted many well known musicians and other sporting events, the Arena was best remembered as a boxing venue, where many champions across multiple weight classes got their start in their early professional careers. Among the many other household names who would fight in the ring, were Beau Jack , Willie Pep , Kid Kaplan , Lou Ambers , Billy Petrolle , Jack Delaney , Frankie Genaro , Sandy Saddler , Rocky Graziano , Ike Williams , and Ernie Schaaf . Jersey Joe Walcott , best known as

1800-403: The neighborhood's two census block groups . In the mid-19th century the area was predominantly open land with some factories and brickyards , and was originally known as Tigertown , as it hosted a number of baseball teams with one Boston Globe writer later attributing the name to the fact that "local baseball men played for blood and showed such tigerish propensities toward rival teams if

1850-464: The oldest man to ever win the world heavyweight championship title at the age of 37 (prior to George Foreman's win at 45 in 1994), also fought in the Arena for an exhibition match. Within a decade of opening, the Arena had gained such prominence in the national boxing scene by the 1930s that Holyoke news held a regular column in the boxing magazine The Ring . More than two decades after the venue had burnt down, World Featherweight Champion Willie Pep

1900-420: The promoter or some other party connected with the venue will obtain a favor (for example, a price discount) in exchange for giving a future favor to the vendor. If the existence of the scheme, or the relationship between the parties, is undisclosed this may become a form of bribery . Another opportunity for misunderstanding are the various "lists" of guests who will be admitted for free or with VIP treatment, and

1950-702: The remaining businesses of the city's paper industry. The neighborhood is also home to the city's Puerto Rican-Afro Caribbean Cultural Center , the Carlos Vega and Valley Arena Parks, as well as the Holyoke Turner Hall , one of the last remaining turnvereines in New England, and the William G. Morgan Elementary School . In 2018, South Holyoke had the highest percentage of renter-occupied housing of any Massachusetts neighborhood outside of Boston, with an average of 1.5% owner-occupied households across

2000-464: The ropes and out of the ring. Because the fight predated Marciano's continuous professional career by about a year, and he had been billed under a slightly different name, it remained entirely obscure until later in the heavyweight's career. After retiring, Marciano would make a second appearance at the venue a decade later, serving as a referee. Brought on at the invitation of boxing promoter Sam Silverman , it would be billed as his "Eastern Debut" in such

2050-564: The second started in the Circus Lounge of that building in the early hours of the morning. Future Holyoke fire chief William W. Mahoney, then a member of one of the companies which fought the fire, later went on to describe it as "one of the most vicious fires for smoke conditions [he'd] ever seen," severe enough that an eye doctor had to set up a first aid station at the scene. The three-alarm fire quickly spread, and led to tenants across South Holyoke being roused from their beds in case of

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2100-662: The soils at the site found no contamination of the site inconsistent with background noise typically found in urban soils. Promoter (entertainment) A promoter works with event production and entertainment industries to promote their productions, including in music and sports. Promoters are individuals or organizations engaged in the business of marketing and promoting live, or pay-per-view and similar, events, such as music concerts , gigs , nightclub performances and raves ; sports events; and festivals . Promoters are typically engaged as independent contractors or representative companies by entertainment venues, earning

2150-1138: The subject of lawsuits over interpretation. Because nightclubs are often associated with drug and alcohol consumption, rowdiness, and other late-night behavior, promoters may become entangled in various criminal disputes as well. Promoters bring crowds through a variety of methods. The most direct are guerrilla marketing techniques such as plastering posters on outdoor walls, flyposting , and distributing handbills on windows of cars parked in entertainment districts. Promoters also keep mailing lists, usually email lists , of their preferred guests and their wider list of potential customers. Many promoters have taken advantage of online technology such as social networking services and event listing sites to handle publicity, invitations, mailing lists, and so on. Clubs and promoters are among leaders in SMS text message advertising to their own lists as well as sponsored snippets on third-party lists for daily content to subscribers. Many fans promote events, products through their Facebook/Twitter/Myspace on their own free will. Promoters often build

2200-463: The venue once stood was sold to the city by the Rainault family in 1968 and was converted initially into space for a playground Within a year's time these plans were expanded into a playground and wading pool with bathhouse, with construction beginning in 1969. The park reopened in 1970. Despite being the site of a former gasworks, a comprehensive environmental assessment taken from 2004 through 2005 of

2250-499: The venue through agreeing to spend a certain amount of money on alcohol at the establishment. South Holyoke, Holyoke, Massachusetts South Holyoke is a neighborhood in Holyoke, Massachusetts , located approximately 0.5 miles (0.80 km) south of the city center. Today the neighborhood contains many historical brick tenements and 165 acres (67 ha) of mixed residential, commercial, and industrial zoning including many of

2300-406: Was 150 miles from Holyoke to New York City, and as I said before, there were no interstates or thruways, just two-lane roads. We got the bus packed by eleven thirty..." The Arena also served as a venue for regular vaudeville shows as well, and several known stage actors including noted impersonator Larry Blake , and Bela Lugosi , of Dracula fame. In 1942, the venue found itself at the center of

2350-417: Was Sunday, and you'd get in early in the morning, and rehearse perhaps a dozen acts and play three shows; one in the afternoon and two in the evening. You would start rehearsing in the morning without even an hour's sleep. It was a theater-in-the-round type thing, an 'institution' for big bands. After there we went into Brooklyn, New York, for a theater engagement." This was a common theme for bands that played

2400-533: Was known both as a regular stop for big band musicians, and an especially arduous gig for them other among acts. In his memoirs, Gene Bockey, a saxophonist in Tommy Dorsey 's band called it "the hell-hole of all name bands". In a 1986 interview, Woody Herman alumni Jack E. DuLong, another saxophonist, described it as "that infamous job that all bands hated, that all-day thing at the Holyoke Arena...It

2450-434: Was only partial as he retained stock in the company. Even before the second fire, the venue had begun to see a decline in its attendance for boxing matches as television gained popularity while stage shows and events that relied on audience attendance saw shrinking numbers across the country. On November 11, 1952, the boxing matchmaker, Joe Di Maria, resigned due to dwindling crowds that season. In contrast with its boxing, by

2500-416: Was quoted as saying "it was a breeding place...anybody who was anybody boxed there." One Mike Cipriano, a New York promoter who managed Jake LaMotta and Harry LaSane , described it as "a little Madison Square Garden...the arena was known from coast to coast—they'd sell out almost every week...it was nothing for a bunch of us to pile into a car and head for Holyoke...If you didn't fight in Holyoke, you weren't

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