Switzerland
13-504: The Valle Spluga or Val San Giacomo ( Chiavennasco : Val dei Giüst ) is an Alpine valley in the north Italian Province of Sondrio ( Lombardy ), which extends from the Splügen Pass , on the border with Switzerland , south to Chiavenna . It is the valley of the river Liro . This Lombardy location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Western Lombard dialect#Varieties Western Lombard
26-520: A standard to communicate, but all Western Lombard varieties are mutually intelligible. Western Lombard is relatively homogeneous (much more so than Eastern Lombard ), but it has a number of variations, mainly in relation to the vowels /o/ , /ɔ/ and the development of /ts/ into /s/ . Western Lombard has no official status in Lombardy or anywhere else. The only official language in Lombardy
39-407: Is Italian . The general lines of diachronics of Western Lombard plural declension are drawn here, with reference to Milanese orthography: Most feminine words end with the inflection -a ; the feminine plural is non-inflected ( la legora / i legor ; la cadrega / i cadregh ). The final vowel keeps its original length (non-final syllables have no difference), which is often long when it
52-754: Is a group of dialects of Lombard , a Romance language spoken in Italy . It is widespread in the Lombard provinces of Milan , Monza , Varese , Como , Lecco , Sondrio , a small part of Cremona (except Crema and its neighbours), Lodi and Pavia , and the Piedmont provinces of Novara , Verbano-Cusio-Ossola , the eastern part of the Province of Alessandria ( Tortona ), a small part of Vercelli ( Valsesia ), and Switzerland (the Canton of Ticino and part of
65-700: Is available. Texts include various dictionaries, a few grammars, and a 2020 translation of the Gospels arranged into an account of the life of Christ . Sopraceneri The Sopraceneri ('Above the Ceneri'; Ticinese : Surascender ) is the part of the Swiss canton of Ticino that lies to the north of the Monte Ceneri Pass through the Lugano Prealps . It includes the whole of the valley of
78-937: Is based on the Milanese dialect: The most important orthography in Western Lombard literature is the Classical Milanese orthography . It was used by Carlo Porta (1775–1821) and Delio Tessa (1886–1939). It was perfected by the Circolo Filologico di Milano. Other orthographies are the Ticinese, the Comasca, the Bosina, the Nuaresat, and the Lecchese. An extensive Western Lombard literature
91-468: Is followed by a voiced consonant and short when it is followed by a voiceless consonant. When the stem ends with a particular consonant cluster, there can be the addition of a final -i or of a schwa between consonants (for example: in Milanese sing. scendra , plur. scendr > scender ). For adjectives, the plural form and masculine form are often the same. Most masculine nouns lack inflections, and
104-542: The Sottoceneri ('Under the Ceneri'), and includes the towns of Lugano , Mendrisio and Chiasso . Whilst the Sopraceneri comprises 2,379 square kilometres (919 sq mi), or about 85% of the land area of the canton, it contains 142,627 people, or only 43% of the cantonal population (2008). It is therefore characterised by a markedly lower population density and level of economic activity, when compared to
117-507: The Ticino river and its side valleys, the Swiss shore of Lake Maggiore , the cities of Bellinzona and Locarno , as well as towns including Biasca and Riviera . The Sopraceneri is not a half-canton with formally defined boundaries, but roughly maps to the districts of Bellinzona , Blenio , Leventina , Locarno , Riviera and Vallemaggia . The remainder of the canton is described as
130-543: The Canton of Graubünden ). After the name of the region involved, land of the former Duchy of Milan , this language is often referred to as Insubric (see Insubria and Insubres ) or Milanese , or, after Clemente Merlo, Cisabduano (literally "of this side of Adda River "). In Italian-speaking contexts, Western Lombard is often incorrectly called a dialect of Italian . Western Lombard and Standard Italian are very different. Some speakers of Lombard varieties may have difficulty understanding one another and require
143-544: The determinate article: singular ell > el , plural elli > ej > i . Masculine words ending in -a are invariable and are proper nouns, words from Ancient Greek or idiomatic words such as pirla , a derogatory term for a person. Western Lombard can be divided into four main varieties: lombardo alpino (spoken in the provinces of Sondrio and of Verbania, Sopraceneri of Canton Ticino and Grigioni in Switzerland), lombardo-prealpino occidentale (spoken in
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#1732775531727156-566: The plural masculine is always non-inflected ( el tramvaj / i tramvaj ; el lett / i lett ). When the word stem ends with a particular group of consonants, both singular and plural forms can add a schwa between consonants; otherwise, a final -o (pron. /u/) is added to singular nouns, -i for plurals. Masculine words ending in -in or, less commonly, in -ett , have plurals in -itt ( fiolin / fiolitt ). Those ending in -ll have plurals in -j , ( el sidell / i sidej ; el porscell / i porscej ; el cavall / i cavaj ). The same occurs in
169-497: The provinces of Como, Varese and Lecco, Lugano and its neighbors in Canton Ticino), basso-lombardo occidentale (Pavia and Lodi), and macromilanese (provinces of Milan, Monza, Novara and Valsesia of Vercelli). The boundaries are obviously schematic, since the political division in provinces and municipalities are usually independent from languages spoken. Examples of Western Lombard language are: The following information
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