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79-560: Van Nuys is home to news, medical transport, and tour helicopter operators, the air operations unit of the Los Angeles City Fire Department , and a maintenance base for Los Angeles Police Department and Los Angeles Department of Water and Power helicopters. Originally opened as Metropolitan Airport on December 17, 1928, the airport became the Van Nuys Army Airfield during World War II,

158-559: A 1,000 km (390 sq mi) area that comprised the Santa Susana Mountains and ridges north of the Santa Clara River Valley . On average, these documented landslides were under 1,000 m (35,000 cu ft), although a significant number of them were larger than 100,000 m (3,500,000 cu ft). Rotational block slides were thought to be in the tens or hundreds, including

237-484: A Secretary. Community Liaison Unit is Commanded by a civilian Public Information Director, who holds the assignment of Community Liaison Officer. It Maintains regular business hours (Monday-Friday). Community Service Unit is Commanded by a Captain I (Unit Commander), who holds the assignment of Department Public Information Officer. It Maintains regular business hours (Monday-Friday). The Community Service Unit also consists of three Public Service Officers (PSOs) who hold

316-803: A Secretary. The primary objective of the Risk Management Section is to augment the line functions of the department by administering the department's In-Service Training Section, the Recruit Training Section, and the Quality Improvement Section. Specialized personnel assigned to Risk Management include the Department Safety Officer. The majority of personnel assigned to the Section maintain regular business hours. Records Unit

395-609: A Senior Personnel Analyst II. Personnel Services Section is Commanded by a Senior Personnel Analyst I (Section Commander). Selection Unit Selection Unit is composed of three Personnel Analysts and one Senior Administrative Clerk.Civilian & Sworn selection, Bilingual, Advanced Vacant Step Hiring (Civilian), Advanced Starting Salary Falls & Education Bonus (Sworn) Records Unit Consists of one Senior Personnel Analyst I, one Personnel Records Supervisor, one Personnel Analyst, two Senior Administrative Clerks and one Office Services Assistant. Fire Prevention & Public Safety Bureau

474-701: A depth of 11.31 miles (18.20 km). Measuring M w 6.7, it was the largest earthquake recorded in the Los Angeles area since the 1971 San Fernando earthquake (M w   6.7). However, unlike the Northridge earthquake, the San Fernando shock occurred on a north–northeast dipping thrust fault beneath the San Gabriel Mountains. Motion during the Northridge event occurred along a south–southwest dipping blind thrust fault beneath

553-509: A fault structure dipping 35° to 45° at a depth range of 8–19 km (5.0–11.8 mi). Another aftershock zone at shallower depth suggested diffuse tectonic behavior of an anticline above. The third aftershock cluster was in the Santa Susana Mountains after a M w   5.6 aftershock 11 hours after the mainshock. That event and its aftershocks were distributed along a 10 km (6.2 mi) strike and vertically within

632-591: A handful measuring over 100,000 m (3,500,000 cu ft). The largest block slide measured 8 million cubic metres (280 × 10 ^  cu ft). A majority of them occurred in the weak Tertiary to Pleistocene sediments and were previous landslides that became reactivated. A seismometer at the Cedar Hill Nursery in Tarzana observed the greatest horizontal peak ground acceleration (pga) at 1.82 g , 7 km (4.3 mi) south of

711-611: A pgv exceeding 170 cm (67 in) per second. Damage occurred up to 85 miles (137 km) away although it was concentrated in the west San Fernando Valley, and the cities and neighborhoods of Santa Monica , Hollywood , Simi Valley , and Santa Clarita . The Historic Egyptian Theater in Hollywood was red-tagged and closed as was the Capital Theater in Glendale due to structural damage. The exact number of fatalities

790-765: A sharp drop in student enrollment. CSUN received financial assistance for its efforts in reestablishing the damaged buildings with monetary gifts from the McCarthy Foundation, the Common Wealth Fund, and the Union Bank Foundation. In addition, the campus received a $ 23,000 check (equivalent to $ 47,000 today) from the Los Angeles Times Valley Edition for the journalism department. CSUN also received assistance from government agencies FEMA and OES to support

869-601: A small fault rupture. A peak ground velocity (pgv) of 148 cm (58 in) per second was measured at a station in Granada Hills . At the Sylmar county hospital, 15 km (9.3 mi) north–northeast of the epicenter, the pgv in the horizontal component was 130 cm (51 in) per second. South of the hospital, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Rinaldi Receiving Station recorded

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948-622: Is Commanded by a Captain I (Unit Supervisor) who is also an Incident Safety Officer. Also consists of two Senior Administrative Clerks and one Administrative Clerk. Injury prevention unit is Commanded by a Captain I (Unit Supervisor) who is also an Incident Safety Officer. Also consists of a Certified Athletic Trainer. Medical liaison unit is Commanded by a Captain II (Unit Supervisor). They are assisted by four Captain Is (assuming one for each Bureau?) and one Administrative Clerk. Administrative services bureau

1027-435: Is Commanded by a Deputy Chief (Bureau Commander), who also holds the title of Fire Marshal. They have a CAD designation of 'CM5' and a radio designation of 'Command 5'. Assistant is commanded by an Assistant Chief (Assistant Bureau Commander), who also holds the title of Assistant Fire Marshal. It Also consists of a Secretary and Management Analyst. 1994 Northridge earthquake The 1994 Northridge earthquake affected

1106-414: Is Commanded by a Fiscal Systems Specialist II (Section Commander). This Also consists of one Fiscal Systems Specialist I, one Senior Auditor, one Auditor I and one Accounting Clerk. Accounting Services Section is Commanded by a Departmental Chief Accountant III (Section Commander). Human Resources Division is Commanded by a Personnel Director II (Division Commander). Selection and records is Commanded by

1185-468: Is Commanded by a Senior Management Analyst II (Section Commander). Budget Preparation/Control Budget Preparation/Control is under the command of three Senior Management Analyst Is, one Management Analyst and one Management Assistant. Revenue Management Section is Commanded by a Senior Management Analyst II (Section Commander). It Also consists of two Senior Management Analyst Is, one Management Analyst and one Management Assistant. The EMS Records Section

1264-452: Is Commanded by a Senior Management Analyst II (Section Commander). EMS Records Unit EMS Records Unit is Commanded by a Senior Management Analyst I (Unit Commander). Also consists of one Senior Administrative Clerk, four Administrative Clerks and one Management Assistant. Contracts Unit Contracts Unit is Commanded by a Senior Management Analyst I (Unit Commander). Also consists of one Management Analyst. Fiscal Systems and Audit Section

1343-598: Is Commanded by the Fire Administrator (Bureau Commander), who has a CAD designation of 'FA1' and a radio designation of 'Fire Administrator'. Assisted by a Secretary. The primary objective of this Bureau is the implementation of administrative staff functions in accordance with current policies and procedures as established by the Fire Chief. Financial Services Division is Commanded by a Chief Management Analyst (Division Commander). Budget Management Section

1422-574: Is assisted by an Executive Administrative Assistant II, Administrative Clerk and a Battalion Chief who has the title of 'Executive Officer, Administrative Operations'. All taken from RISK MANAGEMENT SECTION OVERVIEW Board of Fire Commissioners Report. risk management section is Commanded by a Battalion Chief (Section Commander) who has the title 'Department Health and Safety Officer'. They are assisted by one Captain II (Chief Litigation Officer / On-Call Incident Safety Officer), one Captain I (Department Safety Coordinator / On-Call Incident Safety Officer) and

1501-428: Is caused by inhaling airborne spores of the fungus. The 203 cases reported, of which three resulted in fatalities, constituted roughly 10 times the normal rate in the initial eight weeks. This was the first report of such an outbreak following an earthquake, and it is believed that the spores were carried in large clouds of dust created by seismically triggered landslides. Most of the cases occurred immediately downwind of

1580-467: Is near the epicenter, where the control tower suffered from radar failure and panel collapse. The airport was reopened in stages after the quake. California State University, Northridge , was the closest university to the epicenter. Many campus buildings were heavily damaged and a parking structure collapsed. Many classes were moved to temporary structures. Much of the campus infrastructure were damaged and there were multiple fires and explosions throughout

1659-644: Is sometimes also referred to as the Los Angeles City Fire Department or "LA City Fire" to distinguish it from the Los Angeles County Fire Department , which serves unincorporated areas and, via contracts, other incorporated municipalities within Los Angeles County without their own fire departments. The department is currently under the command of Chief Kristin Crowley . The Los Angeles Fire Department has it origins in

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1738-418: Is the local soil condition and topography. The maximum vertical pga recorded at the same station was 1.18 g . Several sites in the valley also recorded pga exceeding 1.0 g . There were over 200 recordings of pga exceeding 0.01 g , and the horizontal component pga was larger than average for a reverse-mechanism event. A possible explanation for the high pga is due to the large seismic moment release within

1817-400: Is unknown, with sources estimating the number to be 60 or "over 60", to 72, where most estimates fall around 60. The "official" death toll was placed at 57; 33 people died immediately or within a few days from injuries sustained, and many died from indirect causes, such as stress-induced cardiac events . Some counts factor in related events such as a man's suicide possibly inspired by

1896-634: The 146th Airlift Wing shifting to Naval Air Station Point Mugu (now Naval Base Ventura County ) in Oxnard . In 1994, the now-vacated National Guard buildings became a critical operating site for the American Red Cross helping victims of the devastating Northridge earthquake . In the early 2000s, the facility was converted into air operations and helicopter maintenance facilities for the Los Angeles Fire Department. In

1975-508: The 1971 San Fernando earthquake , even though it had been rebuilt with minor improvements to the structural components. LAPD motorcycle officer Clarence Wayne Dean died because of the collapse of the Newhall Pass interchange, falling 40 feet from the damaged connector from southbound 14 to southbound I-5. He likely did not realize until too late in the early morning darkness that the elevated roadway had collapsed. The rebuilt interchange

2054-500: The City wide response metrics . Professional standards division is Commanded by an Assistant Chief (Division Commander), civilian Chief Special Investigator and Battalion Chief. Internal investigations unit Consists of civilian Fire Special Investigators and Captains who serve as Department Advocates. Administrative Operations is Commanded by a Chief Deputy, who has a CAD designation of 'CM1' and radio designation of 'Command 1'. They are

2133-677: The Westside . Additionally, many businesses were forced to relocate or use temporary facilities in order to accommodate structural damage to their original locations or the difficulty accessing them. Some people even made temporary relocations closer to their jobs while their homes or neighborhoods were being rebuilt. The Northridge earthquake led to a number of legislative changes. Due to the large amount lost by insurance companies, most insurance companies either stopped offering or severely restricted earthquake insurance in California. In response,

2212-550: The 1942 film Casablanca . Also notable were the scenes of the reckless flight (and other scenes) of Laurel and Hardy in the 1939 film The Flying Deuces . In 1942, after the United States entered World War II , the government purchased Metropolitan Airport and converted it into the Van Nuys Army Airfield. The Army also purchased an additional 163 acres of land to expand the runways and airfield. During

2291-407: The 1960s sitcom My Living Doll were destroyed. Portions of a number of major roads and freeways, including Interstate 10 over La Cienega Boulevard , and the interchanges of Interstate 5 with California State Route 14 , 118 , and Interstate 210 , were closed because of structural failure or collapse. James E. Roberts was chief bridge engineer with Caltrans and was placed in charge of

2370-806: The 2020s Van Nuys remains one of the world's busiest general aviation airports, with 232,000 aircraft operations in 2020. A 2015 study found that the airport generates US$ 2 billion of economic impact and has created 10,480 jobs Van Nuys Airport covers 725 acres (293 ha) and has two runways : FBOs: Airport businesses: Museums: Van Nuys Airport has been the location of many film, television, and music video shoots. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency Los Angeles City Fire Department The Los Angeles Fire Department ( LAFD or LA City Fire ) provides firefighting services as well as technical rescue services, hazardous materials services and emergency medical services to

2449-481: The 25th anniversary of the Wright Brothers' first flight , as Metropolitan Airport. The airfield was run by a small group of citizens who established a corporation. The airport was spread out on 80 acres, surrounded by trees and farmland. The airport was mostly used for general aviation , but also became popular with Hollywood stars of the era, and notably was the filming location of the iconic airport scene in

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2528-636: The California Legislature created the California Earthquake Authority (CEA), which is a publicly managed but privately funded organization that offers minimal coverage. A substantial effort was also made to reinforce freeway bridges against seismic shaking, and a law requiring water heaters to be properly strapped was passed in 1995. The analysis of the effect of Northridge earthquake on behavior of structures has been investigated by many researchers. For example,

2607-488: The Executive Bureau was changed from the previous name of Administration Bureau. Planning Section is Commanded by a Battalion Chief (Section Commander), who maintains regular business hours (Monday-Friday). It Also consists of four Captains and one Secretary. Employee Relations Division Commanded by a Battalion Chief (Division Commander), who maintains regular business hours (Monday-Friday). They are assisted by

2686-553: The Los Angeles Department of Airports (today Los Angeles World Airports ) built the FlyAway bus terminal just east of the Van Nuys Airport. The terminal served as a remote parking lot for sister airport, LAX. Passengers would park at Van Nuys and board a bus for a 20-mile (32 km) trip to LAX, helping to alleviate freeway and LAX parking congestion. The California Air National Guard moved out of Van Nuys in 1990, with

2765-626: The Los Angeles area of California on January 17, 1994, at 04:30:55 PST . The epicenter of the moment magnitude 6.7 ( M w ) blind thrust earthquake was beneath the San Fernando Valley . Lasting approximately 8 seconds and achieving the largest peak ground acceleration of over 1.7 g , it was the largest earthquake in the area since 1971 . Shaking was felt as far away as San Diego , Turlock , Las Vegas , Richfield , Phoenix , and Ensenada . Fifty-seven people died and more than 9,000 were injured. In addition, property damage

2844-518: The San Andreas Fault. The Transverse Range and Los Angeles basin hosts east–west striking thrust faults and folds that accommodate over 10 mm (0.39 in) of the compressive motion annually. This zone comprises north and south dipping faults that run subparallel to each other. Most of these faults are buried structures and only a handful reach the surface. Seismic observatories recorded 3,000 aftershocks greater than magnitude 1.5 in

2923-405: The abnormally high pga recorded by a rock-bolted seismometer was authentic. The same site also recorded an unusually high pga (0.65 g ) during a 1987 earthquake , though no abnormal readings were found during earthquakes in 1991 and 1992 . USGS seismologist Rufus Catchings suggested the intense shaking was localised and most of the city was unharmed. A possible contributing factor for the effect

3002-500: The airport and built new permanent facilities. In 1957, the airport's name would change one last time to Van Nuys Airport. In 1959, the Sherman Way underpass was finished, allowing the main runway (16R/34L) to be extended to its current length of 8,001 feet (2,439 m). By the end of the decade, Van Nuys was ranked as the 25th busiest airport in the nation in terms of operations, despite having no commercial air service. In 1975,

3081-580: The area. In 1949, after the war, the City of Los Angeles purchased the airport from the War Assets Administration for $ 1, with the agreement that a California Air National Guard base continue to operate at the site. The name of the airport, which by then covered 400 acres, was changed to San Fernando Valley Airport. In the 1950s, the California Air National Guard based North American F-86 Sabre jets at

3160-658: The bottom) performed poorly. Numerous fires were also caused by broken gas lines from houses shifting off their foundations or unsecured water heaters tumbling. Slope side homes supported on one side by a concrete foundation and stilts on the other were also prone to collapse such as in Sherman Oaks where nine stilt homes crashed down a slope, killing four. In the San Fernando Valley, several underground gas and water lines were severed, resulting in some streets experiencing simultaneous fires and floods. Damage to

3239-402: The burden on nearby hospitals that were still operational. As a result, the state legislature passed a law requiring all hospitals in California to ensure that their acute care units and emergency rooms would be in earthquake-resistant buildings by January 1, 2005. Most were unable to meet this deadline and only managed to achieve compliance in 2008 or 2009. The production of movies and TV shows

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3318-500: The campus. The earthquake damaged several buildings and destroyed all communications, including telephone lines, and caused computer systems to shut down. Two CSUN students died at the Northridge Meadows Complex along with 14 other residents. All 58 buildings on campus sustained significant damage, resulting in a $ 406 million recovery effort. The Oviatt Library experienced both interior and exterior damage, but

3397-581: The citizens of the city of Los Angeles , California, United States. The LAFD is responsible for approximately four million people who live in the agency's 471 square miles (1,220 km ) jurisdiction. The Los Angeles Fire Department was founded in 1886 and is the third largest municipal fire department in the United States, after the New York City Fire Department and the Chicago Fire Department . The department

3476-837: The collapse of parking structures. The earthquake also gained worldwide attention because of damage to the vast freeway network, which serves millions of commuters every day. The most notable was to the Santa Monica Freeway, Interstate 10 , known as the busiest freeway in the United States, congesting nearby surface roads for three months while the freeway was repaired. Farther north, the Newhall Pass interchange of Interstate 5 (the Golden State Freeway ) and State Route 14 (the Antelope Valley Freeway ) collapsed as it had 23 years earlier in

3555-418: The crust, likely associated with faults that did not rupture during the mainshock. The earthquake caused uplift across 5,000 km (1,900 sq mi) including the San Fernando Valley. Global Positioning System observations indicate the maximum uplift was 70 cm (28 in). Direct observations at Oat Mountain suggest the Santa Susana Mountains were thrusted up 40 cm (16 in). Across

3634-465: The department had grown to 18 fire stations with 123 full-time paid firefighters and 80 fire horses. The city had also installed 194 fire-alarm boxes allowing civilians to sound the alarm if a fire was spotted. 660 fire hydrants were placed throughout the city, giving firefighters access to a reliable water source. In 1955 Station 78 in Studio City became the first racially integrated station in

3713-556: The department rank of Firefighter/Specialist. It Maintains 24-hour platoon duty. Community Risk Reduction Unit is Commanded by a Captain I (Unit Commander). Two Fire Inspectors are also assigned to the CRRU. Firestat LA Section is Commanded by a Battalion Chief (Section Commander) and the Fire Statistical Manager. It Also consists of two Senior Fire Statistical Analyst. Responsible for Departmental statistics, such as

3792-514: The department. Since 1978 the LAFD has provided emergency medical and fire suppression services to the city of San Fernando by contract. In responses to the 2020 pandemic, the LAFD has helped to administer the COVID-19 vaccine to residents from Los Angeles. Also, more than 1,800 Los Angeles firefighters have received the COVID-19 vaccine. In 2022, Kristin Crowley became the first female, and

3871-444: The earthquake's effects on the university. The damage delayed the start of the 1994 Spring semester by two weeks. The campus mobilised 335 makeshift structures for its usage. Some 25 classes were held at Pierce College, LA City College and UCLA, while others were outdoors or in trailer buildings. The campus was unable to use any of its classrooms because of the damage the buildings sustained. CSUN President Dr. Blenda Wilson assured

3950-470: The epicenter. The recording was one of the largest observed during an earthquake at the time, yet buildings in the immediate vicinity only sustained broken windows and cracked walls and driveways. It garnered international scientific interest who visited the ranch in the aftermath to install additional instruments to record the aftershocks. The USGS Strong Motion Instrumentation Program ruled out technical malfunction and ground amplification effects, stating that

4029-571: The fire company disbanded. Many of the former members of Engine Company No. 1 reorganized under the name of Thirty-Eights No. 1 in May 1875, Engine Co. No. 2 was organized under the name Confidence Engine Company. Los Angeles acquired its first " hook and ladder " truck for the Thirty-Eights. It proved to be too cumbersome and was ill-adapted to the needs of the city. It was sold to the city of Wilmington . In 1876, another "hook and ladder" truck

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4108-544: The first openly gay, chief of the LAFD. Administration has The official office for the Fire Chief of the department. CAD designation of 'FC1' and radio designation of 'Fire Chief'. The Fire Chief reports directly to the Board of Fire Commissioners. Executive Bureau/Chief Of Staff is Commanded by a Deputy Chief (Bureau Commander) who holds the title of Chief of Staff. The Chief of Staff is Assisted by an Executive Administrative Assistant II and Senior Management Analyst I. In 2022,

4187-770: The landslides. With the earthquake taking place during the night, and with the power out, many people were able to see a dark night sky for the first time. Emergency services and the Griffith Observatory received many calls from people worried about a "giant, silvery cloud" in the sky, which was identified as being the Milky Way . This anecdote is often used when talking about light pollution . Eleven hospitals suffered structural damage and were damaged or rendered unusable. Not only were they unable to serve their local neighborhoods, but they also had to transfer out their inpatient populations, which further increased

4266-586: The loss of his business in the disaster. More than 8,700 were injured including 1,600 who required hospitalization. Actress Iris Adrian died in September 1994 from complications of a broken hip she suffered in the earthquake. Sixteen people were killed as a result of the collapse of the Northridge Meadows apartment complex. The Northridge Fashion Center and California State University, Northridge also sustained very heavy damage – most notably

4345-422: The nine Los Angeles community colleges. In the weeks following the quake, many San Fernando Valley residents had either lost their homes entirely or experienced structural damage too severe to continue living in them without making repairs. Although the vast majority of homes in the area, with the exception of a few particular neighborhoods, were relatively unaffected; many feared an aftershock to rival or exceed

4424-535: The northern valley area, uplift was as much as 20–40 cm (7.9–15.7 in). The neighborhood of Northridge was raised 20 cm (7.9 in). The USGS described the surface above the zone of greatest fault displacement as compressed into an "asymmetric dome-shaped uplift". There was also 22 cm (8.7 in) of horizontal deformation which was the largest of its kind measured after the mainshock. The USGS recorded over 11,000 landslides within 10,000 km (3,900 sq mi); most were recorded throughout

4503-595: The overall frame of the central part of the building remained stable, allowing student use to continue. In the Science Complex, Building #1 and #2 suffered fire damage while the bridges connecting buildings #3 and #4 were closed and named unstable. The University Tower apartments, Fine Arts Building and the South Library were damaged beyond repair and demolished. Photographs of the recently constructed Parking Structure C which collapsed became synonymous with

4582-619: The recovery effort and serve the needs of the local community. UCLA's Westwood campus opened their doors and allowed CSUN students to use their libraries while providing shuttle buses to and from the university. Universal Studios Hollywood shut down the Earthquake attraction, based on the 1974 motion picture blockbuster, Earthquake . It was closed for the second time since the Loma Prieta earthquake . Angel Stadium of Anaheim (then known as Anaheim Stadium) suffered some damage when

4661-411: The remainder of 1994. The Los Angeles Unified School District closed local schools throughout the area, which reopened one week later. UCLA and other local universities were also shut down. The University of Southern California suffered some structural damage to several older campus buildings, but classes were conducted as scheduled. Pierce College suffered $ 2 million in damages, the most affected of

4740-497: The rental of temporary structures to be placed in available spaces throughout the campus. An estimated $ 350 million (equivalent to $ 720 million today) was used to supply the number of trailers and domes which housed classes and administration offices. Enrollment dropped by approximately 1,000 students, leaving some homeless as dormitories were closed due to damage that rendered them unsafe and which required repair. The seismic event led to millions of dollars worth of damage resulting in

4819-747: The scoreboard fell into the seats, forcing a Mickey Thompson Entertainment Group off-road race at the ballpark to be postponed from that upcoming weekend to February 12. Numerous Los Angeles museums, including the Art Deco Building in Hollywood , were closed, as were numerous city shopping malls. Gazzarri's nightclub suffered irreparable damage and had to be torn down. The city of Santa Monica suffered significant damage. Many multifamily apartment buildings in Santa Monica were yellow-tagged and red-tagged . An especially hard hit area

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4898-861: The seismic retrofit program for Caltrans until his death in 2006. Rail service was briefly interrupted, with full Amtrak and expanded Metrolink service resuming in stages in the days after the quake. Interruptions to road transport caused Metrolink to experiment with service to Camarillo in February and Oxnard in April, which continues today as the Ventura County Line , and extended the Antelope Valley Line almost ten years ahead of schedule. Six new stations opened in six weeks. Metrolink leased equipment from Amtrak, San Francisco's Caltrain , and Toronto, Canada's GO Transit to handle

4977-543: The severity of the first one. While a notable aftershock never came, many residents opted to stay in shelters or live with friends and family outside the area for a short time following. While many businesses remained closed in the days following the quake, some infrastructure was not able to be rebuilt for months, even years later. The daily commute for many drivers in the weeks following was significantly lengthened, notably for those traveling between Santa Clarita and Los Angeles , and commuters on I-10 traveling to and from

5056-643: The sudden onslaught of passengers. Amtrak ceased service in the Pasadena Subdivision following structural damage to a rail bridge in Arcadia and redirected all rail traffic through Riverside and Fullerton . All MTA bus lines operated service with detours and delays on the day of the quake. Los Angeles International Airport and other airports in the area were also shut down as a 2-hour precaution, including Burbank-Glendale-Pasadena Airport (now Hollywood Burbank Airport ) and Van Nuys Airport , which

5135-463: The system resulted in water pressure dropping to zero in some areas; this predictably affected success in fighting subsequent fires. Five days later, it was estimated that between 40,000 and 60,000 customers were still without public water service. An unusual effect of the Northridge earthquake was an outbreak of coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) in Ventura County . This respiratory disease

5214-409: The three weeks following the mainshock . By comparing previous aftershock sequences in California against a decay rate equation, the Northridge aftershock activity was highly energetic but decayed marginally quicker than average. The strongest aftershock, measuring M w   5.9, was recorded one minute after the mainshock. These aftershocks were distributed in three zones; the first zone illuminated

5293-430: The valley. The rupture propagated upward and northwestward along the fault plane for eight seconds at speeds of ~3 km (1.9 mi) per second. The fault planes that produced both earthquakes run parallel to each other. Several other faults experienced minor rupture during the main shock and other ruptures occurred during large aftershocks, or triggered events. The previously undiscovered fault that ruptured in 1994

5372-582: The war, the airfield was used by the 4th Air Force , which stationed the 428th Fighter Squadron with Lockheed P-38 Lightning aircraft in 1943. In 1944, the 441st Army Air Forces Base Unit was added to train additional pilots for the P-38. Elsewhere on the airfield, the U.S. Navy and Lockheed Corporation created an aircraft modification facility known as the Navy Lockheed Plant, just one of several aircraft companies that would become established in

5451-542: The year 1871. In September of that year, George M. Fall, the County Clerk for Los Angeles County organized Engine Company No. 1. It was a volunteer firefighting force with an Amoskeag fire engine and a hose jumper (cart). The equipment was hand-drawn to fires. In the spring of 1874, the fire company asked the Los Angeles City Council to purchase horses to pull the engine. The Council refused and

5530-568: Was being filmed at the time, and actors Armin Shimerman and Edward Wiley left the Paramount Pictures lot in full Ferengi and Cardassian makeup, respectively. The season five episode of Seinfeld entitled " The Pie " was due to begin shooting on January 17 before stage sets were damaged. Also, ABC's General Hospital set at ABC Television Center suffered partial structural collapse and water damage. An earthquake scene

5609-522: Was between Santa Monica Canyon and Saint John's Hospital, a linear corridor that suffered a significant amount of property damage. The City of Santa Monica provided assistance to landlords dealing with repairs so tenants could return home as soon as possible. In Valencia, the California Institute of the Arts experienced heavy damage, with classes relocated to a nearby Lockheed test facility for

5688-402: Was called "Morris Vineyard Hose Co. No.3." All of these companies remained in service until February 1, 1886, when the present paid fire department came into existence. In 1877, the first horses were bought for the city fire department. The department would continue to use horses for its equipment for almost fifty years, phasing out the last horse drawn equipment on July 19, 1921. By 1900,

5767-637: Was disrupted. At the time of the quake, before dawn on Monday morning, the Warner Bros. film Murder in the First (with Christian Slater , Kevin Bacon , and Gary Oldman ) was being filmed only four miles (6.4 km) from the epicenter. Production came to a halt. The main courtroom set was in shambles. The building containing the set was later "red tagged" as unsafe due to the damage it sustained. The Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode " Profit and Loss "

5846-465: Was estimated to be $ 13–50 billion, making it among the costliest natural disasters in U.S. history. The epicenter region of the earthquake was located in the San Fernando Valley , about 30 km (19 mi) northwest of downtown Los Angeles. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) placed the hypocenter 's geographical coordinates at 34°12′47″N 118°32′13″W  /  34.213°N 118.537°W  / 34.213; -118.537 and at

5925-465: Was purchased, serving in the city until 1881. In 1878, a third fire company was formed by the residents in the neighborhood of Sixth Street and Park. It was given the name of "Park Hose Co. No. 1". East Los Angeles formed a hose company named "East Los Angeles Hose Co. No. 2" five years later. The final volunteer company was formed in the fall of 1883 in the Morris Vineyard area. This company

6004-530: Was renamed in his honor a year later. Additional damage occurred about 50 miles (80 km) southeast in the city of Anaheim , located in Orange County , as the scoreboard at Anaheim Stadium collapsed onto several hundred seats. Most casualties and damage occurred in multi-story wood-frame buildings (such as the three-story Northridge Meadows apartment building). In particular, buildings with an unstable first floor (such as those with parking areas on

6083-643: Was renamed the San Fernando Valley Airport after the war, before taking its current name in 1957. The airport is also home to LAWA's FlyAway terminal, where passengers bound for LAX can park and board buses that run nonstop between Van Nuys and LAX. Van Nuys Airport is also known for implementing multiple noise abatement policies and strategies which includes awarding jet operators with the Friendly Flyer Award for reduced noise. Van Nuys Airport opened on December 17, 1928,

6162-495: Was subsequently named the Northridge Blind Thrust Fault or Pico Thrust Fault. Thrust faulting in the northern Los Angeles basin occurs in response to north–south crustal shortening. The fault responsible for the earthquake represented a component of a larger system of faults within the 160 km (99 mi) "Big Bend" stepover of the San Andreas Fault. Crustal compression occurs along this bend of

6241-413: Was written in the screenplay of Wes Craven film New Nightmare and the earthquake occurred in the middle of its production timeline. Subsequently, the production company, Warner Bros., incorporated real-life footage of the earthquake aftermath into the final cut. Some archives of film and entertainment programming were also affected. For example, the original 35 mm (1.4 in) master films for

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