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60-480: In Canada and the United States, varsity teams are the principal athletic teams representing a college, university, technical school, high school, junior high school , or middle school. Such teams compete against similar teams at corresponding educational institutions. Groups of varsity sports teams are often organized into athletic conferences , which are groups of teams that regularly play each other during

120-453: A three tier system featuring Middle Schools for years 7–9 (approximate age 13–15) and high school year 10–12 (approximate age 16–18). Many schools across Queensland have introduced a Middle School tier within their schools. The middle schools cover years 5 to 8. In Bangladesh , middle school is not separated as in other countries. Generally, schools are from class 1 to class 10. It means lower primary (1–5), upper primary (6–10). Class 6–8

180-893: A given athletic season. In recognition of their high level of performance, athletes on varsity teams are often given varsity letters . They are in contrast to the institution's club sports . A major difference between varsity and club sports is the source for allocated funds. Varsity teams receive financial support, equipment, and facilities from college and university athletic department budgets. Universities often allocate club sport budgets through student life departments similar to other clubs on campus. Because club sports cost more than other clubs, many club student-athletes must pay to play and also engage in team fundraising efforts to pay for facilities time, equipment, and other team expenses. At various levels of collegiate sports, varsity student athletes are eligible for scholarships solely or partially based on athletic skills. Varsity can be compared with

240-416: A junior varsity team before being eligible to try out for a varsity team. These players can provide the varsity team with extra depth, with their service as back-up players. The NCAA previously prohibited true freshmen from playing varsity college football and basketball; as a result, numerous junior-varsity "freshmen teams" appeared on many major college campuses. The NCAA repealed this limitation in 1972; to

300-491: A junior varsity team one year is expected to gain enough experience to be one of the varsity players the next season. A team's head coach will attend junior varsity games to evaluate skill and decide if a player is ready to play in the main part of a varsity game. Junior varsity teams may or may not travel with or take the field/court with the varsity team, or in particularly well-organized hierarchies (especially in sports such as football) may alternate home and away schedules with

360-419: A middle school includes 4 grades: 6, 7, 8, and 9, consisting of students from ages 11–14. The ciclo básico of secondary education (ages 11–14) is roughly equivalent to middle school. No states of Australia have separate middle schools, as students go directly from primary school (for years K/preparatory–6) to secondary school (years 7–12, usually referred to as high school ). As an alternative to

420-580: A more advanced academic approach to education. All other types of high schools except gymnasiums and conservatories (e.g. lyceums ) accept only students that finished Grade 9. The 4th and last level of educación general básica (ages 12–14) is roughly equivalent to middle school. In Egypt , middle school precedes high school. It is called the preparatory stage and consists of three phases: first preparatory in which students study more subjects than primary with different branches. For instance, algebra and geometry are taught instead of "mathematics." In

480-408: A primary school (grades 1–6) Junior high schools ( 中学校 chūgakkō ) 7th to 9th grade are for children aged twelve through fifteen years old. In Kosovo "middle school" refers to educational institutions for ages between 14 and 18 , and lasts 3–4 years, following elementary school (which lasts 8 or 9 years). " Gymnasiums " are the most prestigious type of "middle" school. In Kuwait , middle school

540-401: A proposal to extend the season to 17 games over 19 weeks, was discussed in collective bargaining agreement negotiations prior to the 2021 season but was ultimately not implemented. The 2015 AFL season saw Fremantle and North Melbourne resting several key senior players in the final round of the season , in order to maximise their performance for the finals : Fremantle was assured of

600-433: A rotation that allows everyone to play. The decision of when to play junior varsity players in a one-sided game is often at the coach's discretion. This depends on the coach's strategy, the time remaining in the game, the point margin, and the game situation. When the winning team is ahead by a substantial margin late in the game, the coaches of both the winning and losing teams may " empty their benches "—that is, they remove

660-517: A series of skills completed during the last year and on oral examinations (e.g. about cross-subject topics on which they work during the final year of collège). They can then enter high school (called lycée ), which lasts three years from the Seconde to the Terminale until the baccalauréat , and during which they can choose a general or a vocational field of study. In Georgia ,

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720-417: A single secondary school which is also known as high school. Students ( formerly ) at the end of their lower secondary studies are required to sit for an examination called PT3 ( Form 3. 7 subjects for non-Muslim students and 8 subjects for Muslim students ) in order to determine their field of studies for upper secondary (Form 4–5). [PT3 has been replaced by UASA (Ujian Akhir Semester Akademik)] In Mexico ,

780-523: A small number of games per season, such as gridiron football , there is also the argument over whether it is better for a team with a perfect record up to that point to rest players or to try for the perfect season . For example, the 2007 New England Patriots did not rest their starters and accomplished a perfect 16–0 regular season in a victory against the New York Giants (who also played their starters), but ultimately lost Super Bowl XLII to

840-625: A specialised year 9 program separate from the other secondary year levels. In 1996 and 1997, a national conference met to develop what became known as the National Middle Schooling Project, which aimed to develop a common Australian view of The first middle school established in Australia was The Armidale School , in Armidale. Other schools have since followed this trend. The Northern Territory has introduced

900-481: A student may apply for high school or grammar school. Students have the opportunity to enroll in high school from Grade 6 or (less commonly ) Grade 8 of elementary school, spending eight or six years respectively at high school that otherwise takes four years. Thus they can spend five years in elementary school, followed by eight in high school. The first four years of the eight-year study program at high school are comparable with junior high school. Gymnasium focuses on

960-412: A team at a particular weight class in a given varsity match. The team's representative is often determined by a "challenge match," in which the top two wrestlers at that weight compete for the right to participate in the varsity match. The loser wrestles that night's junior varsity match. A similar format is used for golf, tennis, and badminton, with players who lose to varsity opponents participating in

1020-466: A team has clinched at least a playoff berth, often its division, and in many cases, home advantage , and no further regular season losses would hurt the team in the standings (or, inversely, if the team has been eliminated from playoff contention and has nothing further to gain by playing). This enables the team to avoid risking injury to the starters, and to give real life playing practice to backup players. Veteran starters are also frequently rested in

1080-618: Is a good idea to rest starters has not been resolved. Some analysts argue that it is good for the team by enabling the bodies of the players to be fresh, while others state it could make them more rusty. While resting starters may have the advantage of preventing injuries, it may deprive them of various statistics they are trying to accomplish, particularly individual season records. A number of " iron man " players also strive to start each game and will outright refuse to rest unless catastrophically injured and under medical orders not to play, in order to maintain their starting streak. In sports with

1140-465: Is a mandatory stage that precedes High School ( Ensino Médio ) called "Ensino Fundamental II" consisting of grades 6 to 9, ages 11 to 14. In Canada , the terms "middle school" and "junior high school" are both used, depending on which grades the school caters to. Junior high schools tend to include only grades 7, 8, and sometimes 9 (some older schools with the name 'carved in concrete' still use "Junior High" as part of their name, although grade nine

1200-399: Is far less, and bands, cheerleaders, and media coverage are usually not present. In some sports, such as tennis and golf, a junior varsity meet will take place simultaneously with the varsity event; however, the scores are separately tabulated. In track and field, a junior varsity heat of a particular event may take place either before or after the varsity heat. An underclassman who plays on

1260-485: Is from grade 6–9 and from age 11–14. In Lebanon , middle school or intermediate school consists of grades 7, 8, and 9. At the end of 9th grade, the student is given the National diploma examination. In Malaysia , the middle school equivalent is called lower secondary school which consists of students from age 13 to 15 (Form 1–3). Usually, these lower secondary schools are combined with upper secondary schools to form

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1320-580: Is known as a secondary school. The levels of education in India are: In Indonesia, middle school ( Indonesian : Sekolah Menengah Pertama, SMP ) covers ages 12 to 15 or grade 7 to grade 9. Although compulsory education ends at junior high, most pursue higher education. There are around 22,000 middle schools in Indonesia with a balanced ownership between public and private sector. Iran calls Middle School Guidance School, which caters to children between

1380-497: Is now missing), whereas middle schools are usually grades 6–8 or only grades 7–8 or 6–7 (i.e. around ages 11–14), varying from area to area and also according to population vs. building capacity. Another common model is grades 5–8. Alberta , Nova Scotia , Newfoundland , and Prince Edward Island junior high schools typically include grades 7–9, with the first year of high school traditionally being grade 10. In some places students go from elementary school to secondary school, meaning

1440-420: Is such a vast difference in talent and the winning team very quickly gains a large lead, the starters will be removed from the game early—sometimes well before the end of the first half—and the second- and lower-string players will play the remainder of the contest. As such, the starters play long enough only to gain a significant lead, and giving the reserves extended playing time. The debate on whether or not it

1500-538: Is the approximate equivalent of middle school in Cuba . In Cyprus, the equivalent period to middle school is called γυμνάσιο ( gymnasio 'gymnasium'), which caters to children between the ages 12 and 15, i.e. 7th, 8th, and 9th grade. This is followed by λύκειο ( lykeio , 'lyceum'), for ages 16 to 18. In the Czech Republic after completing the nine-year elementary school ( compulsory school attendance )

1560-505: Is thought of as middle school. Grades 1,2,3,4 and 5 are said to be primary school while all the classes from 6 to 10 are considered high school (as middle school and high school are not considered separate) while 11–12 (inclusive) is called college. Middle schools in Bolivia have been abolished since 1994. Students aged 11–15 attend the last years of elementary education or the first years of secondary education. In Brazil , middle school

1620-617: The Sixième ("sixth," the equivalent of the Canadian and American Grade 6 ) to the Troisième ("third," the equivalent of the Canadian and American Grade 9 ), accommodating pupils aged between 11 and 14. Upon completion of the latter, students are awarded a brevet des collèges if they obtain a certain number of points on a series of tests in various subjects (French, history/geography, mathematics, physics/chemistry), but also on

1680-472: The People's Republic of China , primary school covers grades 1–6 and secondary school covers grades 7–12. Secondary schools are further divided into two stages, junior high school ( 初级中学 chūjízhōngxué or 初中 chūzhōng , grades 7–9) and senior high school ( 高级中学 gāojízhōngxué or 高中 gāozhōng ), grades 10–12). The Chinese junior high school is roughly equivalent to an American middle school, and provides

1740-411: The junior varsity (JV) and freshman levels, the former which is typically for less-experienced underclassmen , while the latter is exclusively for first-year students ( ninth graders in high school). JV and Freshman players may be promoted to the varsity level by performing well. In contrast, intramural sports (IM sports), consists of teams within the same school (the word intramural means "within

1800-483: The preliminary finals . As a result of this mass resting of players, effective from the 2016 AFL season onwards, the AFL introduced a bye round between the final round of the AFL season and the first week of the finals, to encourage teams participating in the finals to field their strongest side possible ahead of their first final. The NBA has also taken action in order to make sure teams aren't resting their starters at

1860-538: The #1 seed in the NFC playoffs. Combined with the bye week earned with that seed, it would be a total of 3 weeks before Rodgers would play in a game again. The Packers lost their subsequent Divisional game vs. the New York Giants , leading commentators to wonder if the extra time off had been a detriment to Rodgers, as several crucial passes were dropped by the Packers in the game. Resting the starters can be controversial if

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1920-490: The 49ers-Rams game, Giants quarterback Phil Simms angrily accused the 49ers of "laying down like dogs." In 1993 , the National Football League experimented with a two-bye week format. After the success of expanding the regular season to a period of 17 weeks in the 1990 NFL season , the league hoped this new schedule would generate even more revenue. However, teams felt that having two weeks off during

1980-581: The ages 12 and 15, i.e. 7th, 8th and 9th grade. Middle school in Iraq, which is most commonly referred to as Intermediate school, enrolls children between the ages 12 and 15, i.e. 7th, 8th, and 9th grade. Upon completion of the 9th grade, students take the National Intermediate Baccalaureate Examination, which when passed, students get the option to enter either secondary general or vocational school. In most of

2040-528: The cities in Israel, middle school ( Hebrew : חטיבת ביניים, Khativat Beynaiym ) covers ages 12 to 15. From the 7th grade to the 9th. In Italy the equivalent is the scuola secondaria di primo grado formerly and commonly called lower middle school ( Scuola Media Inferiore ), often shortened to middle school ( Scuola Media ). When the Scuola secondaria di secondo grado , the equivalent of high school,

2100-685: The elementary school covers to the end of grade 8. In Ontario , the terms "middle school" and "senior public school" (sometimes just grades 7 and 8) are used, with the latter being used particularly in the Old Toronto and Scarborough sections of Toronto plus in Mississauga, Brampton, and Kitchener-Waterloo. In many smaller Ontario cities and in some parts of larger cities, most elementary schools serve junior kindergarten to grade 8 meaning there are no separate middle schools buildings, while in some cities (such as Hamilton) specific schools do serve

2160-532: The equivalent period to middle school covers ages 12 to 15, from the 7th grade to the 9th and guarantees basic educational degree certificate. There are four middle schools in Gibraltar, following the English model of middle-deemed-primary schools accommodating pupils aged between 9 and 12 (National Curriculum Years 4 to 7). The schools were opened in 1972 when the government introduced comprehensive education in

2220-421: The exam, based on their distinctive talents, like athletics, leadership merits or excellent coursework performance in junior stage. Secondary education is divided into basic secondary (grades 6 to 9) and mid-secondary (grades 10 and 11). The students in basic secondary, roughly equivalent to middle school, are 11 or 12 to 15 or 16 years old. Secundaria básica (basic secondary, seventh through ninth grades)

2280-410: The extent that junior varsity teams exist at the college level, many are classified as club squads . Many sports teams have assistant coaches responsible for developing the talent of junior varsity players. A coach may call on junior varsity players during a varsity game, such as when a varsity player is unable to play. A team will have many talented players, but the coach is unable to come up with

2340-409: The final preseason games (or in some cases, the entire preseason schedule) in order to get them ready for the early part of the season and protect them from injury in non-competitive games. Also, starters are sometimes rested during a game during garbage time when the outcome is mostly certain. While usually garbage time takes place toward the end of the fourth quarter of a game, in games where there

2400-436: The game has playoff implications for the opponents. In such a scenario, the opposition could secure a playoff berth at the expense of another team. In extreme cases, teams have been accused of deliberately giving their opponents a better chance of winning where that week's opposition's presence in the playoffs is preferred to another team's, which could be considered " tanking " (a form of match fixing ). A notable example of this

2460-516: The high school level and formerly at the collegiate level. The main players comprise the varsity team. Although the intensity of the JV team may vary from place to place, most junior varsity teams consist of players who are in their freshman and sophomore years in school, though occasionally upperclassmen may play on JV teams. For this reason, junior varsity teams are also often called freshman/sophomore teams. Skilled freshmen and sophomores may compete at

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2520-646: The intermediate grades (i.e. grades 6–8 or grades 7–8) but are still called "elementary" or "public" schools with no recognition of the grades they serve in their name. In the province of Quebec , there is no middle school section; post-elementary grade 6, the secondary level has five grades, called Secondary I to Secondary V (grades 7 to 11). There is no proper "middle school" in Chile , but rather an analogous Educación Básica that encompasses both elementary and middle schools. Educación Básica includes grades 1 through 8, consisting of students from ages 6 to 14. In

2580-600: The junior varsity part of the meet. Junior varsity games are specially-scheduled events in which junior varsity players play to gain skills and experience. These games may be played immediately before a varsity contest or another night. Records and statistics are kept for the junior varsity team, and some leagues offer a junior varsity championship. An assistant coach acts as the head coach for these games. In states that use ratings systems to determine playoff participation, junior varsity games do not factor in and are played with considerably less hoopla than varsity games. Attendance

2640-630: The largest varsity competition in Europe. In the Netherlands, the Varsity is the oldest and most prestigious rowing race. It was held for the first time in 1878, and was started as a Dutch equivalent for the Boat Race between Oxford and Cambridge. In the United States, junior varsity (often called " JV ") players are the members of a team who are not the main players in a competition, usually at

2700-435: The last 3 years of the nine-year compulsory education required for all Chinese citizens. The senior high school is optional but considered as critical preparation for tertiary education. The admissions for most students to enrol in senior secondary schools from the junior stage are on the basis of the scores that they get in " Senior High School Entrance Exam ", which are held by local governments. Other students may bypass

2760-412: The middle school model, some secondary schools classify their grades as "middle school" (years 5,6,7,8 where primary and secondary campuses share facilities or 7,8,9 in a secondary campus) or "junior high school" (years 7, 8 and 9) and "senior high school" (years 10, 11 and 12). Some have three levels, "junior" (years 7 and 8), "intermediate" (years 9 and 10), and "senior" (years 11 and 12). Some schools run

2820-704: The middle school system is called Secundaria and usually comprises three years, grades 7–9 (ages: 7: 12–13, 8: 13–14, 9: 14–15). It is completed after Primaria (Elementary School, up to grade 6: ages 6–12) and before Preparatoria/Bachillerato (High School, grades 10–12 ages 15–18). In New Zealand middle schools are known as "intermediate schools." They generally cover years 7 and 8 (formerly known as Forms 1 to 2). Students are generally aged between 10 and 13. There are full primary schools which also contain year 7 and 8 with students continuing to secondary school at year 9 (formerly known as Form 3). Some secondary schools also include years 7 and 8. After 2000 there

2880-602: The minor premiership regardless of the outcome of the final rounds' matches, while similarly, North Melbourne was guaranteed to qualify for the finals regardless of the outcome of the final rounds' matches. North Melbourne made nine changes, while Fremantle made twelve team changes, equalling the all-time record associated with the St Kilda players' strike of 1911, then broke the record outright with thirteen changes bringing its players back for their qualifying final ; this record stood until 2022. Both teams ended up qualifying for

2940-417: The regular season was too disruptive for their weekly routines, and thus it reverted to 17 weeks immediately after the season ended. The negative effects of having two bye weeks can be similar to the negative effects of resting starters, as having several weeks off (in the case of a division winner, several consecutive weeks off), a player's routine can be hurt. Another proposal for a two-bye-week season, part of

3000-399: The same Giants team. The 2009 Indianapolis Colts , after starting 14–0 and clinching home field advantage throughout the playoffs, rested their starters and lost the final two games. They made it to Super Bowl XLIV , which they also lost. The 2011 Green Bay Packers rested their starting quarterback Aaron Rodgers on the final game of the regular season, as the Packers had already secured

3060-419: The second preparatory phase, students study science, geography, the history of Egypt starting with pharaonic history , including Coptic history , Islamic history , and concluding with modern history . The students are taught two languages, Arabic and English . Middle school (preparatory stage) lasts for three years. In France, the equivalent period to middle school is collège , which lasts four years from

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3120-497: The territory. In Greece, the equivalent period to middle school is called γυμνάσιο ( gymnasio ), which caters to children between the ages 12 and 15, i.e. 7th, 8th, and 9th grade. In India, Middle School is classified as Upper Primary (Class 6–8). Each state has its own State Board. Each has its own standards, which might be different from the Central Boards. In some institutions, providing education for 5th to 10th

3180-506: The two regular opponents is still in the midst of their playoff tournament by the time the game is held, the JV teams will instead play the game. Junior high school Middle school , also known as intermediate school , junior high school , junior secondary school , or lower secondary school , is an educational stage between primary school and secondary school . In Afghanistan , middle school includes grades 6, 7, and 8, consisting of students from ages 11 to 14. In Algeria ,

3240-475: The varsity level. Members of a junior varsity team are underclassmen determined by the coaching staff to have less experience or ability than those on the varsity roster. As such, junior varsity teams are used to prepare these athletes to compete at the varsity level. In other schools, the line between JV and varsity is arbitrary, with all players at a certain grade level at the varsity and all others below that grade level at JV. Some teams require participation on

3300-630: The varsity players and play the junior varsity players for the remainder of the game. The junior varsity players can impress coaches during this " garbage time " in hopes of gaining more playing time in subsequent games, while at the same time reducing the risk of serious injury by varsity players by resting them in a game whose outcome has been effectively decided. Some games have rules which allow unlimited use of junior varsity players, such as basketball. Other sports have different ways of determining junior varsity participants. For instance, in high school wrestling , there can only be one wrestler competing for

3360-478: The varsity squad to ensure at least one of the two teams plays at home each week. This is often dependent on the size of the varsity team, availability of transportation and policies invoked by either the coach, school or league. A JV can sometimes completely replace a varsity team in a game with little to no importance; the Missouri Turkey Day Game , for example, has a provision that if either of

3420-468: The walls") and IM players rarely move to inter-collegiate teams. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, varsity teams compete in varsity matches, usually as part of a varsity competition - a sports tournament between rival universities . The term originally referred strictly to university-sponsored teams, and dates from the 1840s. Examples of varsity competitions include The Boat Race and Roses ,

3480-479: Was an increased interest in middle schooling (for years 7–10) with at least seven schools offering education to this age group opening around the country in Auckland, Cambridge, Hamilton, Christchurch and Upper Hutt. In Pakistan , middle school is from Grade 6–8. Resting the starters Resting the starters is the substitution of regular players on a sports team with backup players, and it occurs when

3540-527: Was formerly called higher middle school ( superiori ), commonly called Superiori. The Middle School lasts three years from the student age of 11 to age 13. Since 2009, after Gelmini reform , the middle school was renamed Scuola secondaria di primo grado (junior secondary school). Middle school in Jamaica is called "Junior High School." It is from grade 7–9 but this idea is becoming rare now so these grades are considered lower secondary. (They also have

3600-592: Was when the San Francisco 49ers , who had clinched a playoff berth, rested several starters and lost their regular-season finale in 1988 to the Los Angeles Rams , thereby knocking the New York Giants out of the postseason on tiebreakers (obstinately as the Giants had defeated the 49ers in the playoffs in both 1985 and 1986, also injuring 49er quarterback Joe Montana in the latter year's game); after

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