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23-480: [REDACTED] Look up venturi in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Venturi may refer to: Venturi (surname) Technology [ edit ] Venturi tube Ejector venturi scrubber , a wet scrubber Venturi effect , a fluid or air flow effect Venturi mask , a medical device Venturi meter , a device for measuring the flow rate of fluids in

46-571: A Venturi, the expansion and compression of the fluids cause the pressure inside the Venturi to change. This principle can be used in metrology for gauges calibrated for differential pressures. This type of pressure measurement may be more convenient, for example, to measure fuel or combustion pressures in jet or rocket engines. The first large-scale Venturi meters to measure liquid flows were developed by Clemens Herschel who used them to measure small and large flows of water and wastewater beginning at

69-425: A length of pipe of varying diameter. To avoid undue aerodynamic drag , a Venturi tube typically has an entry cone of 30 degrees and an exit cone of 5 degrees. Venturi tubes are often used in processes where permanent pressure loss is not tolerable and where maximum accuracy is needed in case of highly viscous liquids. Venturi tubes are more expensive to construct than simple orifice plates , and both function on

92-533: A liquid with a gas. If a pump forces the liquid through a tube connected to a system consisting of a Venturi to increase the liquid speed (the diameter decreases), a short piece of tube with a small hole in it, and last a Venturi that decreases speed (so the pipe gets wider again), the gas will be sucked in through the small hole because of changes in pressure. At the end of the system, a mixture of liquid and gas will appear. See aspirator and pressure head for discussion of this type of siphon . As fluid flows through

115-466: A pipe Venturi pump , a pump using the venturi effect Venturi scrubber , gas stream scrubber Venturi Transport Protocol , transport layer protocol Companies [ edit ] Venturi (company) , an electric car manufacturer Motorsport [ edit ] Venturi Grand Prix , a team competing in the FIA Formula E World Championship For the team that competed as Venturi in

138-544: A team competing in the FIA Formula E World Championship For the team that competed as Venturi in the 1992 Formula One season, see Larrousse See also: Venturini Motorsports , an American stock car team Places [ edit ] Venturi, the Provençal Occitan name for Montagne Sainte-Victoire People [ edit ] Robert Venturi Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

161-413: Is an expansion of the tube section, turbulence will appear, and the theorem will not hold. In all experimental Venturi tubes, the pressure in the entrance is compared to the pressure in the middle section; the output section is never compared with them. The simplest apparatus is a tubular setup known as a Venturi tube or simply a Venturi (plural: "Venturis" or occasionally "Venturies"). Fluid flows through

184-399: Is the density of the fluid, v 1 {\displaystyle v_{1}} is the (slower) fluid velocity where the pipe is wider, and v 2 {\displaystyle v_{2}} is the (faster) fluid velocity where the pipe is narrower (as seen in the figure). The limiting case of the Venturi effect is when a fluid reaches the state of choked flow , where

207-481: The Euler equations . Thus, any gain in kinetic energy a fluid may attain by its increased velocity through a constriction is balanced by a drop in pressure because of its loss in potential energy . By measuring pressure, the flow rate can be determined, as in various flow measurement devices such as Venturi meters, Venturi nozzles and orifice plates . Referring to the adjacent diagram, using Bernoulli's equation in

230-413: The fluid velocity approaches the local speed of sound . When a fluid system is in a state of choked flow, a further decrease in the downstream pressure environment will not lead to an increase in velocity, unless the fluid is compressed. The mass flow rate for a compressible fluid will increase with increased upstream pressure, which will increase the density of the fluid through the constriction (though

253-1128: The square root . Note that pressure-, temperature-, and mass-compensation is required for every flow, regardless of the end units or dimensions. Also we see the relations: k Δ P max = 1 ρ ⊖ Q max 2 = ρ ⊖ m ˙ max 2 = C ⊖ 2 ρ ⊖ n ˙ max 2 = C ⊖ M ⊖ n ˙ max 2 . {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\frac {k}{\Delta P_{\max }}}&={\frac {1}{\rho ^{\ominus }Q_{\max }^{2}}}\\&={\frac {\rho ^{\ominus }}{{\dot {m}}_{\max }^{2}}}\\&={\frac {{C^{\ominus }}^{2}}{\rho ^{\ominus }{\dot {n}}_{\max }^{2}}}={\frac {C^{\ominus }}{M^{\ominus }{\dot {n}}_{\max }^{2}}}.\end{aligned}}} The Venturi effect may be observed or used in

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276-459: The 1992 Formula One season, see Larrousse See also: Venturini Motorsports , an American stock car team Places [ edit ] Venturi, the Provençal Occitan name for Montagne Sainte-Victoire People [ edit ] Robert Venturi Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Venturi . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

299-975: The definitions of density ( m = ρ V {\displaystyle m=\rho V} ), molar concentration ( n = C V {\displaystyle n=CV} ), and molar mass ( m = M n {\displaystyle m=Mn} ), one can also derive mass flow or molar flow (i.e. standard volume flow): Δ P = k ρ Q 2 = k 1 ρ m ˙ 2 = k ρ C 2 n ˙ 2 = k M C n ˙ 2 . {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\Delta P&=k\,\rho \,Q^{2}\\&=k{\frac {1}{\rho }}\,{\dot {m}}^{2}\\&=k{\frac {\rho }{C^{2}}}\,{\dot {n}}^{2}=k{\frac {M}{C}}\,{\dot {n}}^{2}.\end{aligned}}} However, measurements outside

322-1020: The design point must compensate for the effects of temperature, pressure, and molar mass on density and concentration. The ideal gas law is used to relate actual values to design values : C = P R T = ( P P ⊖ ) ( T T ⊖ ) C ⊖ {\displaystyle C={\frac {P}{RT}}={\frac {\left({\frac {P}{P^{\ominus }}}\right)}{\left({\frac {T}{T^{\ominus }}}\right)}}C^{\ominus }} ρ = M P R T = ( M M ⊖ P P ⊖ ) ( T T ⊖ ) ρ ⊖ . {\displaystyle \rho ={\frac {MP}{RT}}={\frac {\left({\frac {M}{M^{\ominus }}}{\frac {P}{P^{\ominus }}}\right)}{\left({\frac {T}{T^{\ominus }}}\right)}}\rho ^{\ominus }.} Substituting these two relations into

345-1552: The end of the 19th century. While working for the Holyoke Water Power Company , Herschel would develop the means for measuring these flows to determine the water power consumption of different mills on the Holyoke Canal System , first beginning development of the device in 1886, two years later he would describe his invention of the Venturi meter to William Unwin in a letter dated June 5, 1888. Fundamentally, pressure-based meters measure kinetic energy density. Bernoulli's equation (used above) relates this to mass density and volumetric flow: Δ P = 1 2 ρ ( v 2 2 − v 1 2 ) = 1 2 ρ ( ( A 1 A 2 ) 2 − 1 ) v 1 2 = 1 2 ρ ( 1 A 2 2 − 1 A 1 2 ) Q 2 = k ρ Q 2 {\displaystyle \Delta P={\frac {1}{2}}\rho (v_{2}^{2}-v_{1}^{2})={\frac {1}{2}}\rho \left(\left({\frac {A_{1}}{A_{2}}}\right)^{2}-1\right)v_{1}^{2}={\frac {1}{2}}\rho \left({\frac {1}{A_{2}^{2}}}-{\frac {1}{A_{1}^{2}}}\right)Q^{2}=k\,\rho \,Q^{2}} where constant terms are absorbed into k . Using

368-634: The free dictionary. Venturi may refer to: Venturi (surname) Technology [ edit ] Venturi tube Ejector venturi scrubber , a wet scrubber Venturi effect , a fluid or air flow effect Venturi mask , a medical device Venturi meter , a device for measuring the flow rate of fluids in a pipe Venturi pump , a pump using the venturi effect Venturi scrubber , gas stream scrubber Venturi Transport Protocol , transport layer protocol Companies [ edit ] Venturi (company) , an electric car manufacturer Motorsport [ edit ] Venturi Grand Prix ,

391-448: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venturi&oldid=1137221544 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages venturi [REDACTED] Look up venturi in Wiktionary,

414-2804: The pressure-flow equations above yields the fully compensated flows: Δ P = k ( M M ⊖ P P ⊖ ) ( T T ⊖ ) ρ ⊖ Q 2 = Δ P max ( M M ⊖ P P ⊖ ) ( T T ⊖ ) ( Q Q max ) 2 = k ( T T ⊖ ) ( M M ⊖ P P ⊖ ) ρ ⊖ m ˙ 2 = Δ P max ( T T ⊖ ) ( M M ⊖ P P ⊖ ) ( m ˙ m ˙ max ) 2 = k M ( T T ⊖ ) ( P P ⊖ ) C ⊖ n ˙ 2 = Δ P max ( M M ⊖ T T ⊖ ) ( P P ⊖ ) ( n ˙ n ˙ max ) 2 . {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\Delta P&=k{\frac {\left({\frac {M}{M^{\ominus }}}{\frac {P}{P^{\ominus }}}\right)}{\left({\frac {T}{T^{\ominus }}}\right)}}\rho ^{\ominus }\,Q^{2}&=\Delta P_{\max }{\frac {\left({\frac {M}{M^{\ominus }}}{\frac {P}{P^{\ominus }}}\right)}{\left({\frac {T}{T^{\ominus }}}\right)}}\left({\frac {Q}{Q_{\max }}}\right)^{2}\\&=k{\frac {\left({\frac {T}{T^{\ominus }}}\right)}{\left({\frac {M}{M^{\ominus }}}{\frac {P}{P^{\ominus }}}\right)\rho ^{\ominus }}}{\dot {m}}^{2}&=\Delta P_{\max }{\frac {\left({\frac {T}{T^{\ominus }}}\right)}{\left({\frac {M}{M^{\ominus }}}{\frac {P}{P^{\ominus }}}\right)}}\left({\frac {\dot {m}}{{\dot {m}}_{\max }}}\right)^{2}\\&=k{\frac {M\left({\frac {T}{T^{\ominus }}}\right)}{\left({\frac {P}{P^{\ominus }}}\right)C^{\ominus }}}{\dot {n}}^{2}&=\Delta P_{\max }{\frac {\left({\frac {M}{M^{\ominus }}}{\frac {T}{T^{\ominus }}}\right)}{\left({\frac {P}{P^{\ominus }}}\right)}}\left({\frac {\dot {n}}{{\dot {n}}_{\max }}}\right)^{2}.\end{aligned}}} Q , m , or n are easily isolated by dividing and taking

437-481: The reduction in pressure inside the constriction can be used both for measuring the fluid flow and for moving other fluids (e.g. in a vacuum ejector ). In inviscid fluid dynamics , an incompressible fluid's velocity must increase as it passes through a constriction in accord with the principle of mass continuity , while its static pressure must decrease in accord with the principle of conservation of mechanical energy ( Bernoulli's principle ) or according to

460-1653: The same basic principle. However, for any given differential pressure, orifice plates cause significantly more permanent energy loss. Both Venturi tubes and orifice plates are used in industrial applications and in scientific laboratories for measuring the flow rate of liquids. A Venturi can be used to measure the volumetric flow rate , Q {\displaystyle \scriptstyle Q} , using Bernoulli's principle . Since Q = v 1 A 1 = v 2 A 2 p 1 − p 2 = ρ 2 ( v 2 2 − v 1 2 ) {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}Q&=v_{1}A_{1}=v_{2}A_{2}\\[3pt]p_{1}-p_{2}&={\frac {\rho }{2}}\left(v_{2}^{2}-v_{1}^{2}\right)\end{aligned}}} then Q = A 1 2 ρ ⋅ p 1 − p 2 ( A 1 A 2 ) 2 − 1 = A 2 2 ρ ⋅ p 1 − p 2 1 − ( A 2 A 1 ) 2 {\displaystyle Q=A_{1}{\sqrt {{\frac {2}{\rho }}\cdot {\frac {p_{1}-p_{2}}{\left({\frac {A_{1}}{A_{2}}}\right)^{2}-1}}}}=A_{2}{\sqrt {{\frac {2}{\rho }}\cdot {\frac {p_{1}-p_{2}}{1-\left({\frac {A_{2}}{A_{1}}}\right)^{2}}}}}} A Venturi can also be used to mix

483-524: The special case of steady, incompressible, inviscid flows (such as the flow of water or other liquid, or low-speed flow of gas) along a streamline, the theoretical pressure drop at the constriction is given by p 1 − p 2 = ρ 2 ( v 2 2 − v 1 2 ) , {\displaystyle p_{1}-p_{2}={\frac {\rho }{2}}(v_{2}^{2}-v_{1}^{2}),} where ρ {\displaystyle \rho }

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506-496: The title Venturi . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venturi&oldid=1137221544 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Venturi meter The effect has various engineering applications, as

529-422: The velocity will remain constant). This is the principle of operation of a de Laval nozzle . Increasing source temperature will also increase the local sonic velocity, thus allowing increased mass flow rate, but only if the nozzle area is also increased to compensate for the resulting decrease in density. The Bernoulli equation is invertible, and pressure should rise when a fluid slows down. Nevertheless, if there

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