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27-407: Vibenna is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Aulus Vibenna , Etruscan nobleman Caelius Vibenna , Etruscan nobleman [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Vibenna . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding

54-585: A few caves in the cliffs below. Bolsena is 6 km (3.7 mi) from Montefiascone, and 14 km (8.7 mi) from Orvieto. Fanum Voltumnae was the chief sanctuary of the Etruscans. Numerous sources refer to a league of the "Twelve Peoples" of Etruria, which met annually at the Fanum, possibly for the purpose of electing priests. The exact location of this shrine is still unknown, though it may have been in an area near modern Orvieto , believed by many to be

81-535: A major blow to their power. Three years afterwards the consul Publius Decius Mus captured several of the Volsinian fortresses. In 295 BC, Lucius Postumius Megellus ravaged their territory and defeated them under the walls of their own city, slaying 2,800 of them. Consequently they, together with Perusia (modern Perugia ) and Arretium , purchased a forty-year peace by paying a heavy fine. Not more than fourteen years, however, had elapsed, when, with their allies

108-675: A red-figured Etruscan cup preserved in the Rodin Museum in Paris, probably discovered in Vulci and dating from the fifth century BC, bears the Etruscan inscription Avles V(i)pinas naplan , i.e. "cup of Aulus Vibenna", which confirms the charisma of this figure, whose memory resurfaces a century later. Aulus could have been present in Rome. Arnobius , referring to Fabius Pictor , alludes to

135-546: A twenty-year truce in exchange for returning the booty they had taken, and furnishing the pay of the Roman army for a year. They appear next in 310 BC, when, in common with the rest of the Etruscan cities, except Arretium (modern Arezzo ), they took part in the siege of Sutrium (modern Sutri ), a city in alliance with Rome. This war was terminated by the defeat of the Etruscans at the First Battle of Lake Vadimo (310 BC),

162-431: Is confirmed by Valerius Maximus, who also adds that this luxury was the cause of their ruin, by making them so indolent that they at length allowed the administration of their commonwealth to be usurped by slaves. The attempted revolution apparently began with the admission of freedmen into the army, which must have been in 280 BC. They became a powerful plebeian class, who were subsequently allowed to become members of

189-476: Is not unlikely that Aulus, while being in the surroundings of Rome, decided to make an offer to the sanctuary of Veii, located very close to the city which he wanted to conquer. Volsinii Modern Bolsena , Italy , in the region of Lazio , descends from the Roman city. The location of the Etruscan city is debated. Umbrian Orvieto , about 14 km (8.7 mi) from Bolsena, is a strong candidate. The Byzantine historian Joannes Zonaras states that

216-650: The Vulcientes , they again took up arms against Rome. But this attempt ended in their final subjugation in 280 BC. Pliny tells an absurd story, taken from the Greek writer Metrodorus of Scepsis , that the object of the Romans in capturing Volsinii was to make themselves masters of 2,000 statues which it contained. The story, however, suffices to show that the Volsinians had attained great wealth, luxury, and art. This

243-498: The capita Etruriae ("heads of Etruria"). It is described by Juvenal as seated among well-wooded hills. Volsinii first appears in history after the fall of Veii (396 BC). The Volsinienses, in conjunction with the Salpinates, taking advantage of a famine and pestilence which had desolated Rome, made incursions into the Roman territory in 391 BC. They were defeated, and 8,000 of them were taken prisoner. However, they purchased

270-623: The Etruscan Volsinii (Velzna or Velusna) lay on a steep height; while Bolsena , the representative of the Roman Volsinii, is situated in the plain. Scholars of the 19th century debated the location of this elevated site. Wilhelm Ludwig Abeken looked for it at Montefiascone , at the southern extremity of the lake; while Karl Otfried Müller believed it was at Orvieto , and adduced the name of that place in Latin, Urbs Vetus ,

297-523: The Etruscan tradition. The François tomb at Vulci contained a fresco showing Aulus and Caelius Vibenna taking part in one of these adventures. The fresco is from the Hellenistic period and incorporates more ancient motifs from the Etruscan tradition. It represents a battle scene showing Caelius, Aulus Vibenna and Mastarna (the Etruscan name of Servius Tullius) with companions named 'Larth Ulthes', 'Rasce' and 'Marce Camitlnas'. These images show

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324-546: The Roman city, some remains are still extant at Bolsena. The most remarkable are those of a temple near the Florence gate, commonly called the Tempio di Norsia . But the remains are of Roman work; and the real temple of that goddess most probably stood in the Etruscan city. The amphitheater is small and a complete ruin. Besides these there are the remains of some baths, sepulchral tablets, and a sarcophagus with reliefs representing

351-457: The Senate and to hold public office. They seem to have acquired majorities, using them to shape the law. Other slaves were set free; they gave themselves all the privileges formerly reserved for the Etruscans, such as rights of intermarriage and inheritance, and aggressively insisted on them against the will of the Etruscan patrician class. There were complaints of rape and robbery. In 265 BC, when

378-480: The ancient Volsinii. Professor Simonetta Stopponi of the University of Macerata, an Etruscologist, has been excavating at Orvieto since 2000. She believes that Fanum was located at this site. An Etruscan substructure, datable to the 6th-4th centuries BC, has been uncovered. "Most impressive was the excavation of a round fountain area, on a slight rise above and overlooking the temples, whose decorations included

405-403: The birthplace of Sejanus , the minister and favorite of Tiberius . Juvenal (x. 74) alludes to this circumstance when he considers the fortunes of Sejanus as dependent on the favor of Nursia , or Norsia, an Etruscan goddess much worshipped at Volsinii, into whose temple there, as in that of Jupiter Capitolinus at Rome, a nail was annually driven to mark the years. According to Pliny, Volsinii

432-476: The execution of enemies whose names are 'Laris Papathnas Velznach' (from Volsinii ), 'PESNA Arcmsnas Sveamach' (from Sovana ), 'Venthical' [...] 'plsachs' and 'Cneve Tarchunies Rumach' (equated to 'Cnaeus Tarquinius of Rome', possibly Lucius Tarquinius Priscus ). The group is portrayed as having taken prisoner Caelius, Aulus, Rasce and Marce, but while they were sleeping, Larth Ulthes broke into their camp, armed with swords which he gave to his companions. While

459-513: The head of a lion. According to Stopponi, ‘This would have been the sacred spring.’" Etruscan Volsinii (Velzna or Velusna; or sometimes in Latin Volsinii Veteres – Old Volsinii) appears to have been one of the most powerful cities of Etruria, the cult centre of the god Voltumna , and was doubtless one of the 12 which formed the Etruscan confederation, as Volsinii is designated by Livy and Valerius Maximus as one of

486-532: The murder of Aulus (whose head would be the one found on the Capitol during excavations for the foundation of the temple of Jupiter ), by a "slave of his brother" ( Servius Tullius ). The Capitol , a pseudo-etymology for which is caput Oli , is said to have taken its name Oli from Auli . The Vibenna brothers also appear on an Etruscan mirror from Bolsena and on four cinerary urns from Chiusi . Aulus and his brother Caelius Vibenna are well represented in

513-451: The natural defenses of the old one and was not in any way sovereign. The portable wealth from the old city was carried off to Rome. The Romans, when they took Volsinii, razed the town, and compelled the inhabitants to migrate to another spot. (Zonaras, l. c. ) This second, or Roman, Volsinii (sometimes called Volsinii Novi – New Volsinii) continued to exist under the Empire . It was

540-410: The old city, as an argument in favour of his view; but British explorer and writer George Dennis was of the opinion that there was no reason to believe that it was so far from the Roman city, and that it lay on the summit of the hill, above the amphitheater at Bolsena, at a spot called Il Piazzano . He adduced in support of this hypothesis the existence of a good deal of broken pottery there, and of

567-448: The period in which tradition places it (second quarter or middle of the 6th century BC) and which bears the dedicating inscription mini muluva[an]ece avile vipiienas , i.e. "Aulus Vibenna dedicated me". Aulus, with this gift, had wanted to honour the sanctuary of Veii, whose prestige was such that it attracted as worshipers not only prominent local personalities but also aristocrats from other large Etruscan cities . Another later vase,

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594-416: The person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vibenna&oldid=1186297055 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description with empty Wikidata description All set index articles Monitored short pages Aulus Vibenna Aulus Vibenna ( Etruscan : Avile Vipina )

621-547: The prisoners kills their captors, Mastarna frees Caelius Vibenna. The fresco, together with the finding of the bucchero, which is coeval with the reign of Servius Tullius, suggests that the Vibenna brothers are historical figures, Etruscan military leaders who took part in the struggles for dominance over Rome, having the Tarquins as their adversaries and helping Servius Tullius oust from power Lucius Tarquinius Priscus . It

648-459: The revolutionary party began to pass laws limiting patrician political activity, the lucumones sent a clandestine embassy to Rome asking for military assistance. On their return they were executed for treason, but shortly afterwards a Roman army arrived to lay siege to the town. The subsequent conflict was intense; the consul and commanding general, Quintus Fabius Gurges , was a casualty. A year later his successor, Marcus Fulvius Flaccus , receiving

675-431: The surrender of the town through its starvation, razed it and executed the leaders of the plebeian party. The first display of gladiators at Rome in 264 is believed to have featured now captive freedmen from Volsinii. The Romans rescued and restored to power the remaining Etruscans of Volsinii, but decided it was necessary to remove them from that location to a new city on the shores of Lake Bolsena. The new city had none of

702-467: Was an Etruscan nobleman from Vulci of the 6th century BC and the brother of Caelius Vibenna ( Caile Vipina in Etruscan). The historical existence of Aulus Vibenna, citizen of Vulci , is confirmed by archaeological finds, including a cup found at the sanctuary of Portonaccio near Veii , a bucchero chalice (of which only the high cylindrical foot remains from the sanctuary of Portonaccio) from

729-412: Was the scene of some supernatural occurrences. He records that lightning was drawn down from heaven by king Porsenna to destroy a monster called Volta that was ravaging its territory. Even the commonplace invention of hand-mills, ascribed to this city, is embellished with the traditional prodigy that some of them turned by themselves. No definite traces of the Etruscan Volsinii have been identified. Of

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