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25-740: This is known as the Orthodox Line of the Queen's Gambit Declined. When the "Queen's Gambit Declined" is mentioned, it is usually assumed to be referring to the Orthodox Line; see " Other lines " below. The Orthodox Line can be reached by a number of different move orders , such as 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 d5; 1.d4 e6 2.c4 d5; 1.c4 e6 2.Nc3 d5 3.d4; 1.Nf3 d5 2.c4 e6 3.d4; and so on. Playing 2...e6 releases Black's dark-squared bishop , while obstructing Black's light-squared bishop. By declining White's temporary pawn sacrifice , Black erects

50-482: A minority attack by means of the plan Rb1, followed by b2–b4–b5, then bxc6 in order to create a weak pawn at c6. While Black can play ...cxb5, or recapture on c6 with a piece, each of these possibilities is even less desirable than the backward pawn in the open file. For Black, exchanging at d5 has released his light-squared bishop and opened the e-file, giving him the use of e4 as a springboard for central and kingside play. While chances are balanced, Black

75-466: A pawn (i.e. four points on the scale of chess piece relative value ), though some other theorists evaluate it closer to three points. It is better at defending friendly pawns than the knight is, and it is better at attacking enemy pawns than the bishop is. The king's predecessor is the piece of the same name in shatranj . Like the modern king, it is the most important piece in the game and can move to any neighboring square. However, in shatranj, baring

100-402: A list of unorthodox chess pieces, see Fairy chess piece ; for a list of terms specific to chess problems , see Glossary of chess problems ; for a list of named opening lines , see List of chess openings ; for a list of chess-related games, see List of chess variants ; for a list of terms general to board games , see Glossary of board games . King (chess) The king (♔, ♚)

125-401: A player, on their turn, has no legal moves, and the player's king is not in check. If this happens, the king is said to have been stalemated, and the game ends in a draw . A player who has very little or no chance of winning will often, in order to avoid a loss, try to entice the opponent to inadvertently place the player's king in stalemate (see swindle ). In the opening and middlegame ,

150-440: A solid position; the pawns on d5 and e6 give Black a foothold in the centre . The Queen's Gambit Declined has the reputation of being one of Black's most reliable defenses to 1.d4. In this situation, White will try to exploit the passivity of Black's light-squared bishop, and Black will try to release it, trade it, or prove that, while passive, the bishop has a useful defensive role. An eventual ...dxc4 by Black will surrender

175-412: Is not meaningful to assign a value to the king relative to the other pieces, as it cannot be captured or exchanged and must be protected at all costs. In this sense, its value could be considered infinite. As an assessment of the king's capability as an offensive piece in the endgame, it is often considered to be slightly stronger than a bishop or knight. Emanuel Lasker gave it the value of a knight plus

200-400: Is placed on the square over which the king crossed. Castling is permissible under the following conditions: Castling with the h-file rook is known as castling kingside or short castling (denoted 0-0 in algebraic notation ), while castling with the a-file rook is known as castling queenside or long castling (denoted 0-0-0). A king that is under attack is said to be in check , and

225-503: Is the most important piece in the game of chess . It may move to any adjoining square; it may also perform, in tandem with the rook , a special move called castling . If a player's king is threatened with capture, it is said to be in check , and the player must remove the threat of capture immediately. If this cannot be done, the king is said to be in checkmate , resulting in a loss for that player. A player cannot make any move that places their own king in check. Despite this,

250-533: Is usually more or less forced to use his superior activity to launch a piece attack on White's king , as the long-term chances in the QGD Exchange structure favour White. The following games are model games for White: The Three Knights Variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined is usually reached from the move order 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 d5 4.Nc3, played to avoid the Nimzo-Indian Defense (from

275-665: The Berlin Defense , resulting in a drawish position. This line has been played by top grandmasters such as Wesley So , Anish Giri , and Magnus Carlsen aiming for a draw. There is also the Exchange Variation where the game continues 5.cxd5 Nxd5 6.e4 Nxc3 7.bxc3 cxd4 8.cxd4, which has been used by played by the likes of Ding Liren , Anish Giri , Vladimir Kramnik , and Magnus Carlsen . The Ragozin Variation ( ECO code D37–D39) occurs after black plays 4...Bb4 in

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300-1034: The Main Variations of the Queen's Gambit Declined occurs after black plays 4...Be7 5.Bg5 in the Three Knights Variation. This variation is also a popular line. Placing the bishop on Bg5 allows Black to exchange more freely with moves like Nf6-e4, as seen in the Lasker Defence. The move Bf4 is designed to restrict Black's opportunities in this way, as well as reducing opportunities to gain the bishop pair . Play usually continues with 5...0-0 6.e3 c5 7.dxc5 Bxc5. Peter Leko , usually an e4 player, used this variation as White to beat Vladimir Kramnik in their 2004 World Championship Match . Bibliography Glossary of chess#move orders This glossary of chess explains commonly used terms in chess , in alphabetical order. Some of these terms have their own pages, like fork and pin . For

325-620: The Three Knights Variation. The Alekhine Variation of the Ragozin Variation occurs with 5.Qa4 Nc6 6.e3 0-0 7.Qc2. A transposition into the Vienna Variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined occurs with 5.Bg5 dxc4 6.e4. An alternate line commonly played is 5.cxd5 exd5 6.Bg5 h6 7.Bh4 to avoid transposing into the Vienna. The Semi-Slav Defense occurs after black plays 4...c6 in the Three Knights Variation. A transposition into

350-433: The centre to White, and Black will usually not do this unless Black can extract a concession, usually in the form of gaining a tempo , by capturing on c4 only after White has played Bd3 first. In the Orthodox Line, the fight for the tempo revolves around White's efforts to play all other useful developing moves prior to playing Bd3. Black will often aim for the pawn break ...c5 in this opening, which often leads to one or

375-439: The diagonal) 7...Bb4 8.Qc2 0-0 and here 9.Bd3 ?? loses since 9...dxc4 ! (threatening ...Qxg5) 10.Bxf6 cxd3! (a zwischenzug ) 11.Qxd3 Nxf6 wins a piece for Black. After 4.cxd5 exd5 5.Bg5 c6 6.Qc2 White has a pawn majority in the centre, Black has a pawn majority on the queenside . This pawn structure gives White the opportunity to either advance his pawns in the centre by means of Nge2, f2–f3, followed by e2–e4, or play for

400-422: The first file to the right of the queen from White's perspective. The black king starts on e8, directly across from the white king. Each king starts on a square opposite its own color. A king can move one square horizontally, vertically, and diagonally unless the square is already occupied by a friendly piece or the move would place the king in check. If the square is occupied by an undefended enemy piece,

425-436: The first and third began with the Queen's Gambit Declined. After 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 (3.Nf3 is a main alternative), Black's main move is 3...Nf6. Other options are: Lines beginning with the moves 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6 are covered by ECO codes D35–D69. These are old lines that can transpose into many other queen pawn openings . White has several ways of dealing with Black's setup: The Cambridge Springs Defense

450-583: The highest level was Fine–Euwe, AVRO 1938. The Quiet Variation of the Vienna Variation occurs after 5.e3. The Semi-Tarrasch Variation occurs after black plays 4...c5 in the Three Knights Variation. An important line in this variation is the Endgame Line where the game continues: 5.cxd5 cxd4 6.Qxd4 exd5 7.e4 dxe4 8.Qxd8+ Kxd8 where the queens get traded off in a similar fashion to the Endgame in

475-418: The king can become a strong offensive piece in the endgame or, rarely, the middlegame . In algebraic notation , the king is abbreviated by the letter K among English speakers. The white king starts the game on e1; the black king starts on e8. Unlike all other pieces, each player can have only one king, and the kings are never removed from the board during the game. The white king starts on e1, on

500-468: The king may capture it, removing it from play. Opposing kings may never occupy adjacent squares (see opposition ) to give check, as that would put the moving king in check as well. The king can give discovered check , however, by unblocking a bishop , rook , or queen. The king can make a special move, in conjunction with a rook of the same color, called castling . When castling, the king moves two squares horizontally toward one of its rooks, and that rook

525-406: The king will rarely play an active role in the development of an offensive or defensive position, with the notable exception of a king walk . Instead, it will normally castle and seek safety on the edge of the board behind friendly pawns . In the endgame , however, the king emerges to play an active role as an offensive piece, and can assist in the promotion of the player's remaining pawns. It

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550-445: The other side accepting isolated or hanging pawns in exchange for dynamic compensation. In its broadest sense, the Queen's Gambit Declined is any variation of the Queen's Gambit in which Black does not play ...dxc4. Variations other than the Orthodox Line have their own names and are usually treated separately. Of the 34 games played in the 1927 World Championship between Alexander Alekhine and José Raúl Capablanca , all except

575-409: The player in check must immediately remedy the situation. There are three possible ways to remove the king from check: If none of the three options are available, the player's king has been checkmated , and the player loses the game. In casual games, when placing the opponent's king in check, it is common to announce "check", but this is not required by the rules of chess. A stalemate occurs when

600-544: The white point of view) and the Exchange Variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined (from the black point of view). Black has a few options in response to the Three Knights Variation. The Vienna Variation occurs after Black plays 4...dxc4 in the Three Knights Variation. The main line of the Vienna continues as 5.e4 Bb4 6.Bg5. White's pawns or pieces occupy the central squares in exchange for long-term pawn structure weaknesses. An instance of Vienna Variation played at

625-473: Was introduced more than a century ago, and is still played. (1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6) 4.Bg5 Nbd7 (setting up the Elephant Trap ) 5.e3 c6 6.Nf3 Qa5, now Black intends ...Bb4 and possibly ...Ne4, with pressure along the a5–e1 diagonal. This Black defense is popular among amateurs because there are several traps White can fall into, for example 7.Nd2 (one of the main lines, countering Black's pressure along

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