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14-776: Villa Torlonia is a name of several country retreats of the princely family of Torlonia on the outskirts of Rome and in Frascati (Lazio) including: Villa Torlonia (Frascati) Villa Torlonia, San Mauro Pascoli in Rome: Villa Albani-Torlonia with its entrance in the via Salaria, better known by its former name, the Villa Albani Villa Torlonia (Rome) another Villa Torlonia, Rome, in Porta Pia , also known as Villa Bracciano , now

28-594: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Villa Torlonia (Frascati) The Villa Torlonia in Frascati is a villa belonging to the Torlonia family in Frascati , Italy . The gardens have long been famous, and after bombing in World War II are now all that survive, mostly as a public park. The land on which the villa was built originally belonged to

42-585: The Allied armistice with Italy . After a few days, Field Marshal Kesselring and his military headquarters moved to Soratte Bunker . Field Marshal Kesselring later wrote in his memoirs about his experience on 8 September. He called it the "day of Italian treason". In fact, the Italians were not present at the German headquarters at the time of the bombing raid. On 3 September 1943 the Italians were alerted by

56-561: The Territorial Abbacy of Saint Mary of Grottaferrata , which donated it in 1563 to Annibal Caro , who commissioned a small villa where he spent the last years of his life, translating the Aeneid . (In 1896, Prince Leopoldo Torlonia placed a memorial stone to remember this event.) In 1571 Beatrice Cenci bought the villa, which passed in 1596 to Cardinal Tolomeo Galli, Secretary of State under pope Gregory XIII , who commissioned

70-648: The Allied forces of the bombing raid during their peace talks about their ultimate surrender. These Italian generals and the Savoy royal dignitaries, six days later fled to the port of Ortona , located near Pescara. The news of the Italian armistice with the Allies reached Frascati at 19:45 on 8 September 1943. The townspeople who, less than 24 hours beforehand had been hiding in bomb shelters, were now fleeing south to escape

84-604: The American painter John Singer Sargent and more others painters. The old Villa was almost completely destroyed on September 8, 1943, when Frascati was bombed . During that period it housed the court martial and SS detachment. After that numerous partisans from the Alban Hills (Castelli Romani) area were transferred here and killed. In 1954, the Duke Andrea Torlonia made an exchange of real property with

98-922: The Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi , the Colonna family, the Conti family, and the Sforza Cesarini family. In the 19th century, the villa was acquired by Prince Torlonia whose name it commemorates. During the Napoleonic Age, the Torlonias profited by the Holy See's troubles and amassed a fortune by speculative transactions. Besides, they acquired titles and redeemed their plebeian extraction. The villa's grand Baroque terraced gardens and fountains provided subjects for watercolors by

112-538: The first enlargement. In 1607 Cardinal Scipione Borghese , Paul V 's nephew, took possession of the Villa; he enlarged and embellished it. The waterworks used to feed the fountains of the Villa and the spectacular Water Theatre with a water flight of steps, date to 1607-25, designed and directed by Girolamo Fontana , Carlo Maderno and Flaminio Ponzio and completed at the base with a large retaining wall with niches and fountains. Other 17th and 18th century owners were

126-596: The mayor Micara of Frascati between the "Gardens" of villa Torlonia and the "Quadrato estate": now the gardens are a public park. Frascati bombing raid September 8, 1943 An air raid of USAAF planes against Frascati , a historic town near Rome, Italy, was made on 8 September 1943. The target was the German General Headquarters for the Mediterranean zone (O.B.S.) and the Italian headquarters, scattered in buildings and villas near

140-471: The occupation of the German Army . The townspeople had no time to clean up debris and bury their dead. As a result, the German armed forces ( Wehrmacht ) declared the area as an "infected area" and had plans to eliminate the city using flamethrowers. The remaining citizens, however, had found out about the German plan to raze the city, and worked to bury their dead. In total, 485 civilians were victims of

154-549: The place of the British Embassy. Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Villa Torlonia . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Villa_Torlonia&oldid=637403914 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

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168-411: The town. General Doolittle's operation order of 7 September 1943 was: Intentions for September eight heavies will destroy town of Frascati - This target is important and must be destroyed. The aircraft headed for Littoria (modern Latina ) and Monte Cavo ( Alban Hills ); they arrived over Frascati at 12:10. Their target was Field Marshal Albert Kesselring and his staff. The anti-aircraft defence

182-470: Was equipped with heavy anti-aircraft guns of 88/56 mm and light guns of 37 mm and 20 mm , which they had placed on Tuscolo ridge and terraces in the town reinforced with cement pillars to stand the recoils. The Italian Royal Air Force ( Regia Aeronautica ) engaged with about 30 aircraft fighters, some obsolete biplane Fiat CR.42s , some Macchi C.200s , Fiat G.50 Freccias , Reggiane Re.2001s , Macchi C.202s and two Fiat G.55s . This

196-560: Was the last mission of Regia Aeronautica before the Armistice with the allied forces. Overall, one Allied aircraft was destroyed, a B-17 of 97th Bomber Group, and 36 fighters were destroyed in the air. About 50% of the buildings, many of the monuments and villas were destroyed. St. Pietro square was destroyed, however, the Cathedral facade remained undamaged. On that day United States General Dwight D. Eisenhower publicly announced

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