29-724: Earl of Cromartie ( / ˈ k r ɒ m ər t i / ) is a title that has been created twice, both for members of the Mackenzie family. It was first created as Earl of Cromarty in the Peerage of Scotland in 1703 for Sir George Mackenzie, 2nd Baronet , but his titles were forfeited after the Jacobite rising of 1745 . It was recreated in 1861 in the Peerage of the United Kingdom for Anne Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland ( née Hay-Mackenzie). Since 1979,
58-592: A baronet , of Tarbat in the County of Ross , in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia , with remainder to his heirs male whatsoever. He was succeeded by his son, Sir George Mackenzie, 2nd Baronet . He was a prominent statesman and judge and served as Lord Justice General from 1678 to 1680 and from 1704 to 1710 and as Secretary of State from 1702 to 1704. In 1685, he was raised to the Peerage of Scotland as Lord MacLeod and Castlehaven and Viscount of Tarbat . In 1703 he
87-556: A lesser extent the Viscount of Oxfuird still use " of ". Scottish Barons rank below Lords of Parliament, and although considered noble , their titles are incorporeal hereditaments . At one time barons did sit in parliament. However, they are considered minor nobles and not peers because their titles can be bought and sold. In the following table of the Peerage of Scotland as it currently stands, each peer's highest ranking title in
116-702: A number of state occasions. He was one of the British delegation to the coronation of Tsar Alexander II of Russia in 1856, hosted the public visit by Garibaldi to Britain in 1864, attended the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, and accompanied the Prince of Wales (later Edward VII ) on his state visit to India in 1876. He was Lord Lieutenant of Cromarty from 1852 until the role was abolished in 1891, and Lord Lieutenant of Sutherland from 1861 until his death. Sutherland hosted Ulysses S. Grant at Dunrobin when
145-638: Is Castle Leod , near Dingwall in Ross-shire . The heir apparent is the present holder's son Colin Ruaridh Mackenzie, Viscount Tarbat (born 1987). Peerage of Scotland The Peerage of Scotland ( Scottish Gaelic : Moraireachd na h-Alba ; Scots : Peerage o Scotland ) is one of the five divisions of peerages in the United Kingdom and for those peers created by the King of Scots before 1707. Following that year's Treaty of Union ,
174-435: The earldom of Newburgh ), and in the case of daughters only, these titles devolve to the eldest daughter rather than falling into abeyance (as is the case with ancient English baronies by writ of summons ). Unlike other British peerage titles, Scots law permits peerages to be inherited by or through a person who was not legitimate at birth, but was subsequently legitimised by their parents marrying later. The ranks of
203-649: The British Army, and was created a Count in the Swedish nobility , a title which was recognized by George II . In 1784, the Cromartie estates were restored to him by Act of Parliament for a payment of £19,000 (equivalent to £2,936,000 in 2023). Lord MacLeod died childless in 1789, and in his will he created an entail as to his heirs. The Mackenzie estates were inherited first by his cousin Kenneth, nephew of
232-559: The County of Cromartie, and Countess of Cromartie . As her children were already in remainder to the peerages of the Sutherland-Leveson-Gower family, the Cromartie titles were created with special remainder to keep them separate and in line with the Peerage of Scotland, in which females are able to inherit titles. Lady Cromartie was succeeded according to the special remainder by her second surviving son, Lord Francis,
261-505: The Earl of Cromartie has been chief of Clan Mackenzie . This branch of the family descends from Sir Roderick Mackenzie, whose elder brother Kenneth Mackenzie was created Lord Mackenzie of Kintail in 1609 and was the father of Colin Mackenzie, 1st Earl of Seaforth (see the Earl of Seaforth for further history of this branch of the family). Sir Roderick's son, John Mackenzie, was in 1628 created
290-739: The Kingdom of Scots and the Kingdom of England were combined under the name of Great Britain , and a new Peerage of Great Britain was introduced in which subsequent titles were created. Scottish Peers were entitled to sit in the ancient Parliament of Scotland . After the Union, the Peers of the old Parliament of Scotland elected 16 Scottish representative peers to sit in the House of Lords at Westminster . The Peerage Act 1963 granted all Scottish Peers
319-536: The Scottish Peerage are, in ascending order: Lord of Parliament , Viscount , Earl , Marquess and Duke . Scottish Viscounts differ from those of the other Peerages (of England, Great Britain, Ireland and the United Kingdom) by using the style of in their title, as in Viscount of Oxfuird . Though this is the theoretical form, most Viscounts drop the " of ". The Viscount of Arbuthnott and to
SECTION 10
#1732791298127348-440: The estates to his only child Anne Hay-Mackenzie , who in 1849 married George, Marquess of Stafford , future Duke of Sutherland . In 1861, the titles held by Anne's ancestors were recreated when she was raised to the Peerage of the United Kingdom in her own right as Baroness MacLeod , of Castle Leod in the County of Cromartie, Baroness Castlehaven , of Castlehaven in the County of Cromartie, Viscountess Tarbat , of Tarbat in
377-701: The former president visited Scotland in 1878 . He later chaired a committee that organised charitable work to help those involved with the Turko-Russian and Zulu wars. Sutherland was Colonel of the Sutherland Regiment of Highland Volunteers from 1864 to 1882, and of the 20th Middlesex Rifle Volunteer Corps (Railway Rifles) in 1867. He was awarded Honorary Membership of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland in 1859. He
406-461: The other peerages (if any) are also listed. Those peers who are known by a higher title in one of the other peerages are listed in italics . George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 3rd Duke of Sutherland George Granville William Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 3rd Duke of Sutherland , KG , FRS (19 December 1828 – 22 September 1892), styled Viscount Trentham until 1833, Earl Gower in 1833 and Marquess of Stafford between 1833 and 1861,
435-408: The remainder). The abeyance was terminated in 1895 in favour of the elder daughter, Sibell Lilian, who became the third Countess. In 1899, she married Edward Walter Blunt (1869–1949), son of Major-General Charles Harris Blunt, great-grandson of Sir Henry Blunt, 2nd Baronet (see Blunt baronets ). He assumed the additional surname of Mackenzie in 1905. However, Lady Cromartie later discontinued the use of
464-529: The right to sit in the House of Lords, but this automatic right was revoked, as for all hereditary peerages (except those of the incumbent Earl Marshal and Lord Great Chamberlain ), when the House of Lords Act 1999 received the Royal Assent . Unlike most peerages, many Scottish titles have been granted with remainder to pass via female offspring (thus an Italian family has succeeded to and presently holds
493-405: The rights of his estates as lord and forfeit his titles, which he did. His eldest son and heir apparent, John Mackenzie, Lord MacLeod , fought alongside his father in the rebellion of 1745. He was also convicted of high treason and sentenced to death, but received a full pardon in 1748. He later had a successful career in both the British and Swedish armies. He achieved the rank of Major-General in
522-588: The second Earl. As Viscount Tarbat he had been sub-lieutenant in the Shropshire Yeomanry in 1876 and was later a Major in the 2nd Volunteer Battalion of the Seaforth Highlanders and served as a Vice-Lord-Lieutenant and Deputy Lieutenant of Ross and Cromarty . Lord Cromartie had no sons and on his death in 1893 the titles fell into abeyance between his two surviving daughters, Lady Sibell Lilian and Lady Constance (by regulation 3. of
551-696: The surname Blunt. She was succeeded by her eldest son, the fourth Earl. He was also a Major in the Seaforth Highlanders and fought in the Second World War. From 1940 to 1945, he was a Prisoner of War. Lord Cromartie was also a member of the Ross and Cromarty County Council. In 1979, he discontinued the use of the surname Blunt for himself and his son and was recognized by the Lord Lyon as Cabarfeidh (Chief) of Clan Mackenzie . Since 1989,
580-459: The third Earl. He supported the Jacobite rising of 1745 and led a force of 400 men from Clan Mackenzie at the Battle of Falkirk in 1746. Lord Cromartie was captured by government forces the same year and pleaded guilty to high treason before the House of Lords . He was sentenced to death but received a conditional pardon on 22 January 1748, on the condition that within six months he surrender all
609-451: The third earl, and then to Lady Isabella Mackenzie, eldest daughter of the attainted third Earl, married George Murray, 6th Lord Elibank . Their eldest daughter, the Hon. Maria Murray, married Edward Hay, younger brother of George Hay, 7th Marquess of Tweeddale . Edward assumed the additional surname of Mackenzie as required by the entail of Lord McLeod. Their eldest son John Hay-Mackenzie passed
SECTION 20
#1732791298127638-409: The titles have been held by his only son, the fifth Earl. As a male-line descendant of Sir Henry Blunt, 2nd Baronet, he is also in remainder to this title. He is also in remainder to the earldom of Sutherland , which can descend through female lines, but not to the dukedom of Sutherland and the subsidiary titles presently attached to it, as these can only descend through male lines. The family seat
667-707: The widow of Captain Arthur Kindersley Blair, formerly of the 71st Highland Light Infantry . Blair had resigned his commission in the Highlanders in 1861 and worked as a land agent and business manager for Sutherland; Mrs. Blair became Sutherland's mistress, and although Blair's death in 1883 was officially recorded as accidental, there was considerable speculation, at the time and later, that it may have been suicide or even murder. The 3rd Duke of Sutherland died, aged sixty-three, at Dunrobin Castle , and
696-739: Was President of the Mont Cenis Railway Company which built the first Fell railway and operated it from 1868–1871 to provide a temporary route over the Alps for rail passengers from Calais to Brindisi until the completion of the Fréjus Rail Tunnel . He married, firstly, Anne Hay-Mackenzie (1829–1888), later created Countess of Cromartie in her own right, on 27 June 1849, at Cliveden House in Buckinghamshire . Together, they had five children: Sutherland
725-522: Was a British politician from the Leveson-Gower family . Sutherland was born on 19 December 1828 at Hamilton Place, London . He was the son of George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland and Lady Harriet Elizabeth Georgiana Howard . He was educated at Eton College and King's College London . Sutherland was Liberal Member of Parliament for Sutherland from 1852 until he succeeded his father as Duke in 1861. He took part in
754-752: Was buried on 29 September 1892 at Trentham in Staffordshire . He was succeeded in his titles by his eldest surviving son, Cromartie . Their second, Francis , had succeeded to his wife's titles as the 2nd Earl of Cromartie upon her death in 1888. He owned nearly 1,000,000 acres, with most holdings in Sutherland in addition to 17,000 acres in Salop and 12,000 in Stafford. Shortly before his death, Sutherland effectively disinherited his natural heirs and tried to leave all his money to his second wife, who
783-602: Was estranged from his wife Anne for many years before her death in November 1888. Less than four months after her death, Sutherland married, on 4 March 1889, Mary Caroline (née Michell) Blair , with the Bishop of Florida , Edwin Garner Weed , officiating. causing a scandal as the conventional minimum period between the death of a spouse and remarriage being one year. Mary was the daughter of Rev. Richard Michell , DD, and
812-442: Was further honoured when he was made Lord MacLeod and Castlehaven , Viscount of Tarbat and Earl of Cromarty . In 1704, Lord Cromartie resigned his baronetcy in favour of his second son the Hon. Kenneth Mackenzie (died 1728), who was created a baronet, of Cromarty and Grandvale (see Mackenzie baronets ). He was succeeded in the peerages by his eldest son, the second Earl. On his death, the titles passed to his eldest surviving son,
841-849: Was made KG in 1864, and FRS in 1870. He was a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer of Greece. The Third Duke played a key role in the early history of the Highland Railway , being a founder board member of the company and contributing extensively towards the Sutherland Railway , building the Duke of Sutherland's Railway out of his own pocket and also supporting the Sutherland and Caithness Railway . The Highland Railway operated these lines, absorbing them in 1884. He
#126873