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20-858: In March 1918 they tried to seize power in Bukhara, with help from the Tashkent Soviet , and the Young Bukharans had to flee from the Emir, Mohammed Alim Khan to Tashkent. They returned in May 1920, and this time were successful: the Red Army took Bukhara and the Young Bukharans formed the first government of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic . Most of the members were purged during 1936–1938 . Young Khivans and Young Bukharans inspired

40-628: A tenuous grip on their forces and people. In addition, Malleson had promised funds and had not delivered them. The people started protesting and the Committee resigned. It was replaced by another committee, which was appointed by Teague-Jones. The new committee eventually came under the influence of Denikin's Southern White Russian army and his men came to bolster the force, creating the White Turkestan Army in January 1919. However, when

60-709: The Bolsheviks of Tashkent . This committee took the name of the Trans Caspian Provisional Government in November 1918, but is generally referred to as the Transcaspian Government . The initial leadership consisted of: The Committee had around 1000 armed men, which consisted of Armenian and Russian troops. British opinion of these forces was less than complimentary. General Wilfrid Malleson had been dispatched by

80-623: The Tashkent Soviet for military support and declared it would carry out a census of all arms-bearing men in the Russian majority town on 17 June 1918. However, this sparked off two days of rioting. The Tashkent Soviet dispatched some Red Guards led by V. Frolov and a Cheka contingent who arrived on 24 June and disarmed the Turkmen Cavalry Squadron, which was the core of the TNA. Frolov declared martial law and personally shot

100-587: The Bolsheviks, pushing them out of some of the major cities. The Government was largely in a weak position. It had no economy and was existing on the money it had gained from the Soviets when it took over. The main economy was based on cotton, but it had no means to export it. It largely sought funds from the British which it did not get, even for food the British military had used and promised to pay for. On

120-611: The British Malleson Mission and the White Russians for control of the region between 1918 and 1919. The Tashkent Soviet succeeded after the British had withdrawn and Mikhail Frunze had arrived. This Central Asia–related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Soviet Union –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Transcaspian Government The Transcaspian Government (1918 - July 1919)

140-696: The British Government to resist the Bolshevik forces and assisted the Transcaspian forces by sending them a machine gun team across the border from India. This team stopped the Transcaspian forces being completely overrun by the Bolsheviks early in the conflict. Malleson then sent an Anglo Indian unit to assist in what became referred to as the Malleson mission . The combined Anglo-Indian and Transcaspian force then went on to successfully engage

160-844: The Imperial regime were deposed after the formation of the Regional Soviet during April 7-15 (263). The regional Soviet that was formed by the first Regional Congress of Workers' and Soldiers Deputies assumed nominal dominance in Turkestan, while the Executive Committee of the Tashkent Soviet that was dominated by the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries assumed pre-eminence in Tashkent (263). However,

180-675: The Kashgar 1933 Association of Independence . This article about an Uzbekistan political party is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tashkent Soviet The Tashkent Soviet was a public organisation set up in Tashkent during the Russian Revolution . It was established on 2 March 1917 at an inaugural meeting that consisted of thirty five workers from the Central Asian Railway . It

200-579: The New City, which was also where the railway was developed. The Soviet set up an independent provisions commission to battle what it described as "trader-marauders", however this term soon lost its ostensible class connotations, as the term was used to refer uniquely to Central Asians. At the same time, when some Central Asian workers set up a Muslim branch of the Social Democratic Party , the Tashkent Soviet did not welcome them. Prior to

220-596: The Tashkent and Regional Soviet's decision. After the "July Days" in Petrograd when pro-Bolshevik soldiers, sailors, and workers threatened to topple the government, many in Tashkent switched allegiance to the Bolsheviks, resulting in a decline of Menshevik's support, particularly when the Tashkent Social Democratic organization adopted a resolution for "All power to the Soviet" on July 21 (264). With

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240-655: The Turkestan Committee that was appointed in Petrograd and consisted of several former members of the State Duma, the chairman, plus four Russian and four Muslim commissars, did not acknowledge the Soviets in the government even after the Provisional Government arrived in Tashkent to "restore order" in the region (263). The Turkestan Committee was trying to assert power over local authorities and troops to maintain order, however, every attempt

260-462: The five members of a delegation of railwaymen that had tried to present a petition to him. He proceeded to Kizyl-Arvat to continue restoring Bolshevik control but local railway workers had heard of the events and armed themselves. Frolov and a number of his bodyguards were shot and the remainder disarmed. On 14 July 1918 The Ashkhabad Executive Committee was founded by Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries following their successful revolt against

280-461: The food shortages becoming critical in September and increasing distrust toward the Provisional Government, a crowd of thousands of people gathered together where a presidium, headed by the Bolshevik, was elected (256). After the fall of the Provisional Government, the power was finally passed to the Soviets. The Tashkent Soviet fought the Transcaspian Government , who were assisted variously by

300-644: The night of 20 September 1918, under the leadership of Fyodor Funtikov, they executed the 26 Baku Commissars which had fled Baku by ship to Krasnovodsk in Turkmenistan. In December 1918 there was a crisis in the Transcaspian Government. The Government felt it could not control the capital and asked help from the British, who helped by sending troops there. However the Government was fragile, Malleson's opinion being that they had at best

320-754: The post-tsarist era. The poet Sirajiddin Makhdum Sidqi published poems in popular verse to popularise the revolution. Veterans of the Jadid resistance to the draft in 1916 such as Kojaev and Munawar Qari organised the Tashkand Muslim Council (Tashkand Shura-yi Islamiya). Tashkent was a divided city, with the Central Asians (predominantly Muslim ) generally living in the Old City, while Russians and other Europeans usually lived in

340-467: The revolution, the Bolsheviks did not have much influence in Tashkent. They had no official representation and organization; people in Tashkent and other smaller towns were never even aware of the word "Bolshevik" until late April or May. Thus, they had to cooperate with the Mensheviks (261-262). The Soviet organizations were first organized in the Tashkent and Turkestan regions after the officials of

360-725: Was a " Menshevik - Socialist Revolutionary " coalition set up by the railway workers of the Trans-Caspian Railway in 1918. It was based at Ashgabat , Transcaspian Oblast . Autonomous sentiments were developing amongst the local Turkmen population, with the formation of the Turkmen National Army (TNA) in February 1918. Concerned about this, the Bolshevik Ashgabat Soviet appealed to Fyodor Kolesov  [ ru ] , leader of

380-459: Was headed by a technician named I. I. Bel'kov. The following day, there was a meeting in the local Duma which set up an Executive Committee of Public Organisations to manage the "sociopolitical and economic life of the city". Only two Central Asians were involved in this committee, the lawyers Fayzulla Khodzhayev and Tashpolad Narbutabekov . Despite this failure to actively involve the majority population, many Central Asians had high hopes for

400-590: Was subsequently met with the Soviets questioning the legitimacy of the proceedings. The power and influence of Mensheviks were increasing, especially after the Provisional Government voted down the Bolshevik resolution demanding to end the war, in favour of the Mensheviks during the Second Regional Congress of the RSDLP that took place in Tashkent from 21 to 27 June 1917 (244). In this regard, no further political and social actions could be taken without

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