Misplaced Pages

#581418

28-732: Many of the exhibitions were held at the Palace of Art, also known as "Secession" ( Secesja ), the headquarters of the Kraków Society of Friends of Fine Arts , in Kraków Old Town . The term was coined in a manifesto by writer Artur Górski  [ pl ] , published in 1898 in the Kraków newspaper Życie (Life), and was soon adopted in all of partitioned Poland by analogy to similar terms such as Young Germany , Young Belgium , Young Scandinavia, etc. Polish literature of

56-771: A gallery at the Larisch'a Palace, and later in Sukiennice , exhibiting Jan Matejko , among others. Four decades after its original founding, using public donations and funds acquired from the sale of Artur Grottger , on 26 June 1899 the Society began construction of its own Palace of Art along the Planty Park , based on a design by Franciszek Mączyński . It was influenced by the Secession Building in Vienna and

84-817: A series of train stations, the townhouses located at 30 Chmielna Street in Warsaw and at 38 Pekarska Street in Lviv as well as a brick tenement by Jan Starowicz dubbed "Beneath the Góral" in Łódź . Additionally, the Góral diaspora has incorporated the norms and designs of the Zakopane Style of Architecture into homes, chapels and community buildings that serve their community, such as the Polish Highlanders Alliance of North America in Chicago, or

112-579: A villa for Zygmunt Gnatowski . In his plans, Witkiewicz decided against using foreign building styles and instead chose to utilize the local traditions used by the native Górals of Podhale. Drawing on the Vernacular architecture of the Carpathians , Witkiewicz used as a model the modest but richly decorated homes in Góral villages such as Chochołów which he further enriched by incorporating select elements of Art Nouveau style, thus giving birth to

140-671: Is a social group of artists, artisans and their supporters founded in Kraków in 1854, under the Austrian Partition of Poland . Today, the Society operates from the Art Nouveau Palace of Art erected by its own members in 1901 at the Szczepański Square in Kraków Old Town . After major renovations of the Palace in 1996, the Society organizes local and international art exhibits and numerous other art initiatives. The nonprofit Society of Friends of Fine Arts

168-439: Is almost impossible." The Society's mode of operation was based on the experiences of German and Austrian Kunstvereines - art societies. In its early years, TPSP focused on the presentation of works by Polish artists and representatives of European art, whose works were borrowed from societies in Vienna, Prague, Pest, Dresden, Munich, or Mannheim. TPSP's inaugural exhibition took place at the turn of 1854 and 1855. The Society had

196-561: Is also colloquially known as "Secession" ( Secesja ). After two years of meticulous construction, the gallery was ceremonially inaugurated on 11 May 1901 by the Mayor of Kraków, Count Edward Aleksander Raczyński . It was the first Art Nouveau building in the city, inspired by the Ancient Greek temples , with Apollo 's sculpted head above its entrance, and Modernist reliefs on outside walls designed by Professor Jacek Malczewski from

224-538: Is an art style , most visible in architecture, but also found in furniture and related objects, inspired by the regional art of Poland's highland regions , most notably Podhale . Drawing on the motifs and traditions in the buildings of the Carpathian Mountains, this synthesis was created by Stanisław Witkiewicz who was born in the Lithuanian village of Pašiaušė , and is now considered to be one of

252-974: The Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków . In early 20th century, the Palace run by the Society became one of the main exhibition venues of the Young Poland movement. Today, the reborn Society composed of members of the Rotary International upholds its original mission of promoting contemporary art, both Polish and international. It organizes art auctions on site, sponsors its own Institute of Research and artwork Documentation ( Instytut Badań i Dokumentacji ) and publishes art catalogues about painting , graphic arts , drawing and sculpture . 50°03′50″N 19°56′06″E  /  50.0640°N 19.9349°E  / 50.0640; 19.9349 Zakopane Style Zakopane Style (or Witkiewicz Style )

280-746: The Tatra Museum , the chapel of St. John the Baptist in the parish Church of the Holy Family on Krupówki Street, and the Korniłowicz family chapel in the Bystre district. Stanislaw Witkiewicz once wrote on the idea of the Zakopane style: The idea was not to build yet one more beautiful, typical house. The focus was something else entirely: to build a home which would settle all existing doubts about

308-658: The Wawel Cathedral and the Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi of Krakow , and he also painted the mural of the Basilica of St. Mary of Krakow . Józef Mehoffer (1869–1946) was a painter and illustrator, but it was his work as a glassmaker that earned him his fame. He made the stained glass windows for the Fribourg Cathedral , as well as for a dozen other churches in Europe. He collaborated with Wyspiański on

SECTION 10

#1732797697582

336-573: The "Zakopane Style". This building, known as the Villa "Koliba" was built between 1892 and 1894, and it still stands to this day on Koscieliska Street in the mountain resort of Zakopane . Witkiewicz designed a number of original buildings in Zakopane, including the "Dom pod Jedlami" in the Koziniec district, the chapel in the Jaszczurowka district, Villa "Oksza" on Zamojski Street, the building of

364-843: The Paris-based magazine Moniteur des Architectes with a design of a villa in the Zakopane style. There was also the Dom Ludowy in Sosnowiec , the Chata built for author Stefan Żeromski in Nałęczów , a series of villas in Wisła , Konstancin-Jeziorna , Anin and Vilnius , as well as the train station in Saldutiškis , Lithuania. There were also some attempts to adapt the style to brick construction. Examples include Czeslaw Domaniewski's design for

392-606: The chapel on the grounds of the Polish National Alliance 's Youth Camp in Yorkville . The Zakopane style dominated architecture in the Podhale and other Goral Lands for many years. Although the cutoff date for buildings designed in the Zakopane Style of Architecture is usually held to be 1914, many new pensions, villas and highlander homes are built according to the architectural model devised by Witkiewicz to

420-419: The cold, that it will possess the full range of comforts yet simultaneously be beautiful in a fundamentally Polish way. The Zakopane style soon found proponents among other outstanding architects, including Jan Witkiewicz-Koszyc , Wladyslaw Matlakowski , and Walery Eliasz-Radzikowski . Apart from architecture, the Zakopane Style was also used in decorative arts: The Zakopane Style was initially typical for

448-453: The core traditions of the Goral people. As the Podhale region developed into a tourist area in the mid-19th century, the population of Zakopane began to rise. The new buildings to house these new well-to-do inhabitants was built in the style of Swiss and later Austro-Hungarian chalets . Stanislaw Witkiewicz , an art critic, architect, painter, novelist and journalist, was chosen to design

476-585: The period of Young Poland there were no overwhelming trends in Polish art. The painters and sculptors tried to continue the romantic traditions with new ways of expression popularised abroad. The most influential trend was Art Nouveau, although Polish artists started to seek also some form of a national style (including styl zakopiański or the Zakopane style). Both sculpture and painting were also heavily influenced by all forms of symbolism. Stanisław Wyspiański

504-513: The period was based on two main concepts. The earlier was a typically modernist disillusionment with the bourgeoisie , its life style and its culture. Artists following this concept also believed in decadence, an end of all culture, conflict between humans and their civilization, and the concept of art as the highest value ( art for art's sake ). Authors who followed this concept included Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer , Stanisław Przybyszewski , Wacław Rolicz-Lieder and Jan Kasprowicz . A later concept

532-647: The polychromes of the Basilica of St. Mary of Krakow and on the stained glass windows of the Chapel of the Holy Cross in the Wawel Cathedral. The most notable representatives of Polish symbolism are Władysław Podkowiński (1866–1899) and Jacek Malczewski (1854–1929). The latter placed his research in a national current and was particularly interested in the relationship between art and artist. He addressed

560-478: The possibility of adapting folk architecture to the requirements deriving from the more complex and sophisticated needs of comfort and beauty. To design a home that would inherently withstand all common grievances and undermine all customary prejudices. To erect a house that would prove that one can have a home, a dwelling in the dominant style of Zakopane and yet be confident that this home will not disintegrate, that it will effectively protect one from storms, gales and

588-716: The present day. There was also a period of Neo-Zakopane Style in the 1950s during the Socialist realism , represented by such constructions like the Tourist hostel Dom Turysty in Zakopane (1949–1952) and several mountain huts , eg. in Dolina Pięciu Stawów Polskich (1947–1953) or in Chochołowska Polana (1951–1953). The museum of the Zakopane Style of Architecture located in the Villa "Koliba" first designed by Witkiewicz provides visitors with information on

SECTION 20

#1732797697582

616-524: The term Young Poland is applied to an informal group of composers that include Karol Szymanowski , Grzegorz Fitelberg , Ludomir Różycki as well as Mieczysław Karłowicz and Apolinary Szeluto . Almost all educated by Zygmunt Noskowski , the group was under strong influence of neoromanticism in music and especially of foreign composers such as Richard Strauss , Richard Wagner and those belonging to The Mighty Handful group, e.g. Modest Mussorgsky , Alexander Borodin and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov . In

644-582: The theme of the creator's duty in relation to the national past and reflected on the influence of art in real life. For nearly half a century, Malczewski developed cycles and series, mixing his own symbols with those of tradition, whose meaning he changed with new compositions. However, painting was dominated by French Impressionism. Artists were interested in rural life and exalted landscapes and peasants. Women and children were common subjects. Teodor Axentowicz (1859-1938), Olga Boznańska (1865-1940), and Józef Pankiewicz (1866-1940). Post-impressionist realism

672-628: The wooden architecture, but soon it was also developed in the brick architecture. The most important examples in Podhale are the Tatra Museum , Dworzec Tatrzański and Grand Hotel Stamary in Zakopane and the Military Sanatorium in Kościelisko . The Zakopane style also gained popularity beyond the Polish highlands. In 1900, the young Kraków-based architect Franciszek Mączyński won an international architectural competition organized by

700-956: Was a continuation of romanticism , and as such is often called neo-romanticism. The group of writers following this idea was less organised and the writers themselves covered a large variety of topics in their writings: from sense of mission of a Pole in Stefan Żeromski 's prose, through social inequality described by Władysław Reymont and Gabriela Zapolska to criticism of Polish society and Polish history by Stanisław Wyspiański . Writers of this period include also: Wacław Berent , Jan Kasprowicz, Jan Augustyn Kisielewski , Antoni Lange , Jan Lemański , Bolesław Leśmian , Tadeusz Miciński , Andrzej Niemojewski , Franciszek Nowicki , Władysław Orkan , Artur Oppman , Włodzimierz Perzyński , Tadeusz Rittner , Wacław Sieroszewski , Leopold Staff , Kazimierz Przerwa-Tetmajer, Maryla Wolska , Eleonora Kalkowska , Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński , and Jerzy Żuławski . In music,

728-493: Was a poet, playwright and painter. His drawing, mainly in pastel, stylized to the extreme flowers, landscapes and portraits of children and actors in a testament to the influence of the Vienna Secession , and perhaps also of Japanese art. He also designed stained glass windows, furniture, carpets depicting religious scenes and floral motifs and with stylized lines and bright colors. His stained glass work can be seen in

756-506: Was established in Kraków in 1854 to promote Polish art and culture , against the foreign rulership of Austria-Hungary. Its initiator, Walery Wielogłowski (1805-1865), was an emigrant activist and publisher living in Cracow since 1848. TPSP's goal was to "shape the heart and disposition of the spirit towards the concept of absolute beauty, thereby developing in the nation a sense of order and harmony, without which true education, or civilization,

784-650: Was represented by the paintings of Władysław Ślewiński (1856-1918), Leon Wyczółkowski (1852-1936), Ferdynand Ruszczyc (1870-1936), and Wojciech Weiss (1875-1950). Witold Wojtkiewicz (1879-1909) et Konrad Krzyżanowski (1872-1922) represented the expressionist tendency. Other painters of this period include Stanislaw Mas-owski, Fryderyk Pautsch, Kazimierz Sichulski, Stanislaw D-bicki, Wadysaw Jarocki, Edward Oku, Wovzimierz Tetmajer and Jan Stanislawwski. Krak%C3%B3w Society of Friends of Fine Arts The Kraków Society of Friends of Fine Arts ( Polish : Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Sztuk Pięknych w Krakowie , TPSP)

#581418