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17-1766: It was created on 27 April 1922, during the Yakut revolt , and was transformed into the Sakha Republic in 1991. 1918–24   Turkestan 1918–41   Volga German 1919–90   Bashkir 1920–25   Kirghiz 1920–90   Tatar 1921–91   Adjarian 1921–45   Crimean 1921–91   Dagestan 1921–24   Mountain 1921–90   Nakhichevan 1922–91   Yakut 1923–90   Buryat 1923–40   Karelian 1924–40   Moldavian 1924–29   Tajik 1925–92   Chuvash 1925–36   Kazakh 1926–36   Kirghiz 1931–92   Abkhaz 1932–92   Karakalpak 1934–90   Mordovian 1934–90   Udmurt 1935–43   Kalmyk 1936–44   Checheno-Ingush 1936–44   Kabardino-Balkarian 1936–90   Komi 1936–90   Mari 1936–90   North Ossetian 1944–57   Kabardin 1956–91   Karelian 1957–92   Checheno-Ingush 1957–91   Kabardino-Balkarian 1958–90   Kalmyk 1961–92   Tuvan 1990–91   Gorno-Altai 1991–92   Crimean 62°02′00″N 129°44′00″E  /  62.0333°N 129.7333°E  / 62.0333; 129.7333 Yakut revolt (1921) Soviet victory [REDACTED] Provisional Yakut Regional People's Government The Yakut revolt ( Russian : Якутский мятеж , romanized :  Yakutsky myatezh ) or

34-429: A settled way of life. In 1936, the first local farmers' market was opened with hopes of bringing locals together. State farm workers and private small farm owners sold their meat, wild game, fish, berries, mushrooms, etc. People who made the decision to make this region their temporary home received added governmental bonuses to their pay and an earlier retirement age: for men when they reached 55 and women at 50. With

51-536: Is an administrative and municipal district ( raion ), one of the seventeen in Khabarovsk Krai , Russia . It is located in the north of the krai . The area of the district is 167,200 square kilometers (64,600 sq mi). Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo ) of Ayan . Population: 2,292 ( 2010 Census ) ; 3,271 ( 2002 Census ) ; 4,802 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . The population of Ayan accounts for 42.2% of

68-579: The Sea of Okhotsk on the coastal region is constant and as it moves west inland toward the Dzhugdzhur mountain range and becomes weaker the impact creates a climatic subzone, transforming the maritime climate into a sharply continental one. The ridge of the Dzhugdzhur Mountains demarcates the border between two climates. The Maya , Maymakan , Ulya and Mati are among the rivers flowing in

85-754: The Yakut expedition (Russian: Якутский поход , romanized:  Yakutsky pokhod ) was the last episode and final set of military engagements of the Russian Civil War . The hostilities took place between September 1921 and June 1923 and were centered on the Ayano-Maysky District of the Russian Far East . An uprising flared up in this part of Yakutia in September 1921. About 200 White Russians were led by Cornet Mikhail Korobeinikov . In March 1922, they established

102-471: The 17th century, shortly after the establishment of Yakutsk , the exploration of what is now Ayano-Maysky District pursued two goals. Yakutsk officials through eastward expansion sought to come up with new sources of tribute for the Tsar's treasury while at the same time trying to find a shorter, more convenient passage to the Sea of Okhotsk , in order to continue to care for the needs of rich Russian colonies in

119-659: The Company decided to find a better, more advantageous spot for a seaport. Consequently, in 1845 the Russian-American Company's merchant office was moved to Ayan. Ayan's prosperity, however, was not to last. After the Alaska Purchase , life was virtually brought to a standstill. By 1867, the Russian-American Company was no longer in business. Many local businessmen and professionals joined the exodus of merchants who had discontinued their operations in

136-582: The Far East and North America. In 1639, a group of Russian explorers under the leadership of Ivan Moskvitin reached the Sea of Okhotsk for the first time through the territory of modern Ayano-Maysky District. In the first half of the 19th century, the Russian-American Company became the first trading company in the region, with its merchant office located in the port of Okhotsk . In 1842,

153-917: The Provisional Yakut Regional People's Government in Churapcha . On 23 March, Korobeinikov's Yakut People's Army, armed with six machine guns, captured the major town of Yakutsk . The Red Army garrison was decimated. In April, the White Army contacted the Provisional Priamurye Government in Vladivostok , asking for help. On 27 April, the Russian Bolshevik government declared the Yakut ASSR and sent an expedition to put down

170-524: The Soviet government, Ayano-Maysky District was officially formed on December 10, 1930 by combining the areas of Ayan and Nelkan. Ayan was assigned the role of being the administrative center. In the 1930s, the Soviet government began forming state and collective farms , opened local schools and hospitals, amateur musical clubs, and otherwise encouraged the Evenks to switch from their nomadic lifestyle to

187-555: The White Army were defeated near Okhotsk on 6 June and near Ayan on 16 June. 103 White officers and 230 soldiers were taken prisoner and transported to Vladivostok. Pepelyayev himself was captured after the battle of Ayan, and he would spend the next 13 years in the gulag camps before being executed during the Stalinist purges in 1938. Ayano-Maysky District Ayano-Maysky District ( Russian : Ая́но-Ма́йский райо́н )

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204-477: The area. A recently (1850s) built and much more conveniently located Nikolayevsk-on-Amur became Russia's new main port in the Sea of Okhotsk region. In the Russian Civil War , the territory of modern Ayano-Maysky District was the scene of the anti-Soviet Yakut Revolt . It was the last enclave of the White Forces, where General Anatoly Pepelyayev did not capitulate until June 17, 1923. By decree of

221-543: The district's total population. The district has two climatic zones: a sharply continental and a maritime continental. The villages of Aim , Dzhigda , and Nelkan are located in the former, and Ayan belongs to the latter. Areas along the coast receive much precipitation and have a frequent share of cloudy days, storm winds, and blizzards. Average winter temperatures range from −16 °C (3 °F) to −20 °C (−4 °F); average summer temperatures—from +18 °C (64 °F) to +20 °C (68 °F). The impact of

238-607: The district. A unique orographic feature of the region is the circular, crater-like Kondyor Massif . Minerals mining in the district includes one of the largest Zirconium reserves in Russia, at the Algama mine . In the sharply continental zone, which gets very little precipitation and is humidity free, average winter and summer temperatures vary from −40 to −45 °C (−40 to −49 °F) and from +26 to +30 °C (79 to 86 °F) respectively. Ethnic composition (2021): In

255-783: The end of October, when Pepelyayev captured the locality of Nelkan, he learned that the Bolsheviks had wrested Vladivostok from the White Army and the Civil War was over. When the Soviet Union was formed on 30 December 1922, the only Russian territory still controlled by the White Movement was the region of the Pepelyayevshchina ("пепеляевщина"), so-called in the Soviet historiography, that is, Ayan, Okhotsk and Nelkan. A unit of Bolshevik forces under Ivan Strod

272-752: The uprising. In summer 1922, the Whites were ousted from Yakutsk and withdrew to the Pacific coast. They occupied the port towns of Okhotsk and Ayan and again asked Vladivostok for reinforcements. On 30 August, the Pacific Ocean Fleet , crewed by about 750 volunteers under Lieutenant General Anatoly Pepelyayev , sailed from Vladivostok to assist the White Russian forces. Three days later, this force disembarked in Ayan and moved upon Yakutsk. By

289-602: Was sent against Pepelyayev in February 1923. On 12 February, they defeated Pepelyayev's forces near Sasyl-Sasyg; in March, the White Army retreated from Amga . On 24 April 1923, the ships Stavropol and Indigirka sailed from Vladivostok for Ayan. They contained a contingent of the Red Army under Stepan Vostretsov . Upon his arrival in Ayan on 6 April, Vostretsov learned that Pepelyayev had evacuated to Nelkan. The remainder of

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