35-497: Yangon Region Transport Authority Overview Native name ရန်ကုန်တိုင်းဒေသကြီး အများပြည်သူ သယ်ယူပို့ဆောင်ရေး ကြီးကြပ်မှုအာဏာပိုင်အဖွဲ့ Area served Yangon Region , Myanmar Transit type Bus transport Number of lines 135 Headquarters Yangon , Myanmar The Yangon Region Transport Authority ( YRTA ; Burmese : ရန်ကုန်တိုင်းဒေသကြီး အများပြည်သူ သယ်ယူပို့ဆောင်ရေး ကြီးကြပ်မှုအာဏာပိုင်အဖွဲ့ )
70-512: A full-scale war. After the war, Hanthawaddy entered its golden age whereas its rival Ava gradually went into decline. From the 1420s to the 1530s, Hanthawaddy was the most powerful and prosperous kingdom of all post-Pagan kingdoms. Under a string of especially gifted monarchs— Binnya Ran I , Shin Sawbu , Dhammazedi and Binnya Ran II —the kingdom enjoyed a long golden age, profiting from foreign commerce. Its merchants traded with traders from across
105-654: A geopolitical standpoint, Anawrahta's conquest of Thaton checked the Khmer advance in the Tenasserim coast . In 1287, the Pagan Empire collapsed due to Mongol invasions , and all its vassal states became independent. In present-day Lower Burma, Wareru established a kingdom for the Mon-speaking people called Ramannadesa by unifying three Mon-speaking regions of Lower Burma: Martaban (Mottama), Pegu (Bago),
140-463: A substantial independent polity prior to Pagan's expansion. Possibly in this period, the delta sedimentation—which now extends the coastline by three miles (4.8 kilometres) in a century—remained insufficient, and the sea still reached too far inland, to support a population even as large as the modest population of the late precolonial era. The earliest evidence of Burmese script is dated to 1035, and possibly as early as 984, both of which are earlier than
175-409: Is a major hub of the 5,068-kilometre (3,149 mi) Myanmar Railways system. Twante Canal , which links Yangon to Ayeyarwady Region, is also widely used for both transport and commerce. As motor transportation is highly expensive for most people, buses are the main mode of transportation within the division or regions nearby. In January 2008, Yangon Region had nearly 182,000 motor vehicles, 17.7% of
210-449: Is an administrative region of Myanmar . Located in central Myanmar, the region is bordered by Bago Region to the north and east, the Gulf of Martaban to the south, and Ayeyarwady Region to the west. Yangon Region is dominated by its capital city of Yangon , the former national capital and the largest city in the country. Other important cities are Thanlyin and Twante . The division is
245-545: Is essentially the Greater Yangon metropolitan area surrounded by a hollow rural hinterland. There were only four districts in Yangon Region. On 30 April 2022, these districts were expanded to 14 districts by the provisional government. Of the 45, the city of Yangon now encompasses 33 townships. Yangon Region Government Yangon Region Hluttaw Yangon Region High Court The ethnic Burmese makes up
280-1489: Is the operating transit agency for Yangon Region , Myanmar . It was formed on 8 July 2016. YRTA currently operates Yangon Bus Service , which began operations on 15 January 2017. References [ edit ] ^ ဆုနှင်းလဲ့. "နိုင်ငံတကာမှာလို အများပြည်သူယုံကြည်အားကိုးရတဲ့ ဘတ်စ်ကားစနစ်ဖြစ်ပေါ်ရေးက ပြည်သူတွေရဲ့ လိုလားချက်ဖြစ်" . သတင်းနှင့် စာနယ်ဇင်လုပ်ငန်း (in Burmese). ပြန်ကြားရေးဝန် ကြီးဌာန . Retrieved 16 January 2017 . ^ Aye Nyein Win (16 January 2017). "New day dawns for Yangon bus system" . Myanmar Times . Retrieved 16 Jan 2017 . Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yangon_Region_Transport_Authority&oldid=1258200275 " Categories : 2016 establishments in Myanmar Transport organisations based in Myanmar Transport authorities Organizations established in 2016 Hidden categories: CS1 Burmese-language sources (my) All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from February 2024 Articles containing Burmese-language text Yangon Region Yangon Region ( Burmese : ရန်ကုန်တိုင်းဒေသကြီး ; MLCTS : rankun tuing desa. kri: , pronounced [jàɰ̃ɡòʊɰ̃ táɪɰ̃ dèθa̰ dʑí] ; formerly Rangoon Division and Yangon Division )
315-407: The 2014 Myanmar Census , Buddhists make up 91% of Yangon Region's population, forming the largest religious community there. Minority religious communities include Christians (3.2%), Muslims (4.7%), and Hindus (1%) who collectively comprise the remainder of Yangon Region's population. 0.1% of the population listed no religion, other religions, or were otherwise not enumerated. According to
350-629: The First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26) but returned it to Burmese administration after the war. The British seized Yangon and all of Lower Burma in the Second Anglo-Burmese War of 1852, and subsequently transformed Yangon into the commercial and political hub of British Burma. Yangon was the capital of British Burma and Hanthawaddy Province, which covered today's Yangon and Bago divisions. The British brought in many Indians to serve as workers and civil servants. By
385-632: The Irrawaddy delta in May 1755, the French defended port of Thanlyin in July 1756, and finally the capital Pegu in May 1757. The fall of Restored Hanthawaddy was the beginning of the end of Mon people's centuries-old dominance of Lower Burma. Konbaung armies' reprisals forced thousands of Mons to flee to Siam . By the early 19th century, assimilation, inter-marriage, and mass migration of Burman families from
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#1732772431799420-442: The Irrawaddy delta . The kingdom's first capital was at Martaban but the capital was moved to Pegu in 1369. For its first 100 years, the kingdom was merely a loose collection of three Mon-speaking regions. The high kings at the capital had little substantive authority over the vassals. Indeed, Martaban was in open rebellion from 1363 to 1389. A more centralised rule came with the reign of King Razadarit , who not only firmly unified
455-521: The Mon -speaking people in parts of present-day Myanmar and Thailand . The polities ranged from Dvaravati and Haripuñjaya in present-day northern Thailand to Thaton , Hanthawaddy (1287–1539), and the Restored Hanthawaddy (1740–1757) in southern Myanmar. The first recorded kingdom attributed to the Mon people is Dvaravati , which prospered until around 1000 CE when their capital
490-734: The State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee ’s 2016 statistics, 88,442 Buddhist monks were registered in Yangon Region, comprising 16.5% of Myanmar's total Sangha membership, which includes both novice samanera and fully-ordained bhikkhu. The majority of monks belong to the Thudhamma Nikaya (81.2%), followed by Shwegyin Nikaya (13.6%), with the remainder of monks belonging to other small monastic orders . 16,960 thilashin were registered in Yangon Region, comprising 28.1% of Myanmar's total thilashin community,
525-514: The 13th to 16th centuries (1287–1539) and briefly in the 18th century (1740–57). The Portuguese were in control of Thanlyin (Syriam) and the surrounding area from 1599 to 1613. For centuries, Thanlyin was the most important port city in Lower Myanmar until the mid-18th century when King Alaungpaya chose to enlarge a small village across the river near the great Shwedagon Pagoda named Dagon. The British first captured Yangon in
560-556: The 1930s, the Indians made up half of Yangon city, and only one-third was Burmese . Between World War I and World War II , Yangon was the center of the Burmese nationalist movement. Many future Burmese political figures such as Aung San , U Nu , U Thant and Ne Win were all one-time Rangoon University students. Yangon Region was under Japanese occupation between April 1942 and May 1945. After Myanmar gained independence from
595-642: The 266-year-old Toungoo dynasty. A new dynasty called Konbaung led by King Alaungpaya rose in Upper Burma to challenge the southern forces, and went on to conquer all of Upper Burma by January 1754. After Hanthawaddy's second invasion of Upper Burma failed in May 1754, the kingdom's leadership in self-defeating measures killed off the Toungoo royal family, and persecuted ethnic Burmans in the south, both of which only strengthened Alaungpaya's hand. In 1755, Alaungpaya invaded Lower Burma. Konbaung forces captured
630-466: The Indian Ocean, filling the king's treasury with gold and silver, silk and spices, and all the other stuff of early modern trade. The kingdom also became a famous centre of Theravada Buddhism . It established strong ties with Ceylon , and encouraged reforms that later spread throughout the country. The powerful kingdom's end came abruptly. Due to the inexperience of King Takayutpi , the kingdom
665-679: The United Kingdom in January 1948, the Hanthawaddy Province was renamed Pegu (Bago) Division, with Yangon as its capital. In 1964, Rangoon Division was split from Pegu Division. The capital of Pegu Division was changed from Rangoon to Pegu . In June 1974, Hanthawaddy (Hongsavatoi) and Hmawbi townships were transferred from Pegu Division to Rangoon Division. Post-war Yangon grew tremendously. Successive Burmese governments built satellite towns near Yangon. Today, Yangon Region
700-415: The best transportation infrastructure in the country. All transport to and from the rest of the country (and the world) goes through Yangon. Five "highways" link Yangon to the rest of the country. (To be sure, the definition of highway is loosely used. Most highways are no more than two lane roads.) Yangon International Airport is the main international gateway of the country. Yangon Central Railway Station
735-589: The city of Thaton and Pegu (Bago) are believed to have been established in the 9th century. The states were important trading ports between Indian Ocean and mainland Southeast Asia. Still, according to traditional reconstruction, the early Mon city-states were conquered by the Pagan Kingdom from the north in 1057, and that Thaton's literary and religious traditions helped to mould early Pagan civilisation. Between 1050 and about 1085, Mon craftsmen and artisans helped to build some two thousand monuments at Pagan,
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#1732772431799770-507: The country for rice , beans and pulses , and other agricultural commodities . Much of the country's legal imports and exports go through Thanlyin's Thilawa port , the largest and busiest port in Myanmar. At least 14 light industrial zones ring Yangon, employing thousands of workers. Outside Greater Yangon, rice farming remains predominant. Other important crops include jute, pulses, rubber, sugarcane, and groundnut. Yangon Region has
805-407: The country's total. Although the city of Yangon has the best education facilities in the country, the educational facilities and opportunities available in the rest of Yangon Region are extremely poor. Many students in rural and poor districts do not finish middle school. According to official statistics, only about 23% of primary school students make it to high school. Most students are enrolled in
840-617: The earliest evidence of the Burma Mon script (1093). Research from the 2000s argues that the Pyu script was the source of the Burmese script. Though the size and importance of these states are still debated, all scholars accept that during the 11th century, Pagan established its authority in Lower Burma and this conquest facilitated growing cultural exchange, if not with local Mon, then with India and with Theravada stronghold Sri Lanka. From
875-423: The largest in Myanmar. Yangon Region is the most developed region in the country. According to the government's official statistics for FY 2010–2011, the size of the economy of Yangon Region was 8.93 trillion kyat, or 23% of the national GDP . Greater Yangon is Lower Myanmar's main trading hub for all kinds of merchandise – from basic food stuffs to used cars. Bayinnaung Market is the largest wholesale center in
910-420: The majority of the population. The division is also home to a large number of South Asians (mainly Indians ) and Burmese Chinese . According to 2014 census report, the population of Yangon region is 7.36 million. Burmese is the primary language used by Burmese of all ethnic backgrounds. English is the main second language among the urban elite of Yangon. Religion in Yangon Region (2014) According to
945-504: The mid-18th century, the golden age of Hanthawaddy was fondly remembered by the Mon. In 1740, they rose up against a weak Toungoo Dynasty on its last legs, and succeeded in restoring the fallen Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Supported by the French , the upstart kingdom quickly carved out a space for itself in Lower Burma, and continued its push northward. On 23 March 1752, its forces captured Ava, and ended
980-406: The most developed region of the country and the main international gateway. The division measures 10,170 km (3,930 sq mi). The region was historically populated by the Mon . Politically, the area was controlled by Mon kingdoms prior to 1057, and after 1057, with few exceptions, by Burman kingdoms from the north. The control of the region reverted to Pegu -based Mon kingdoms in
1015-584: The most selective universities in Myanmar. The University of West Yangon in Htantabin and the Officers Training School in Hmawbi are two major institutions of higher education outside Greater Yangon. The general state of health care in Myanmar is poor. The military government spends anywhere from 0.5% to 3% of the country's GDP on health care, consistently ranking among the lowest in
1050-742: The public school system. Private schools, which cost at least $ 8,000 a year in tuition per student, are strictly the preserve of the elite. Nearly all of the division's universities are in Greater Yangon. Dagon University in North Dagon and the University of East Yangon in Thanlyin are among the largest undergraduate universities in the country. Yangon's University of Medicine 1, Yangon , University of Medicine 2, Yangon , Yangon Technological University , University of Computer Studies, Yangon and Thanlyin's Myanmar Maritime University are among
1085-568: The remains of which today rival the splendors of Angkor Wat . The Mon script is considered to be the source of the Burmese script , the earliest evidence of which was dated to 1058, a year after the Thaton conquest, by the colonial era scholarship. However, research from the 2000s—still a minority view—argues that Mon influence on the interior after Anawrahta's conquest is a greatly exaggerated post-Pagan legend, and that Lower Burma in fact lacked
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1120-522: The three Mon-speaking regions together but also successfully fended off the northern Burmese -speaking Kingdom of Ava in the Forty Years' War (1385–1424). The war ended in a stalemate but it was a victory for Hanthawaddy as Ava finally gave up its dream of restoring the Pagan Empire. In the years following the war, Pegu occasionally aided Ava's southern vassal states of Prome and Toungoo in their rebellions but carefully avoided getting plunged into
1155-497: The world. Although health care is nominally free, in reality, patients have to pay for medicine and treatment, even in public clinics and hospitals. Public hospitals lack many of the basic facilities and equipment. Still, Yangon Region has the best medical facilities and personnel available in the country. The following is a summary of the public health system in the division, in the fiscal year 2002-2003. "MM" . Mon kingdoms Mon kingdoms were polities established by
1190-472: Was captured by a smaller kingdom to the north, Kingdom of Toungoo in 1539 led by King Tabinshwehti and his deputy Gen. Bayinnaung . Toungoo captured the Irrawaddy delta and Pegu in 1538–1539, and Martaban in 1541. The kingdom was briefly revived in 1550 after Tabinshwehti was assassinated. But Bayinnaung quickly defeated the rebellion in 1552. Though Toungoo kings would rule all of Lower Burma well into
1225-461: Was ruled by the Khmer Empire and a significant portion of the inhabitants fled west to present-day Lower Burma and eventually founded new polities. Another Mon-speaking state Haripuñjaya also existed in northern Thailand down to the late 13th century. According to colonial period scholarship, the Mon established small polities (or large city-states) in Lower Burma in the 9th century. Both
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