Misplaced Pages

#627372

35-595: Randall Milliken's study, "A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area 1769-1810", estimates that 160 to 300 Yelamu were living in San Francisco when the Spanish established Mission San Francisco de Asís on June 30, 1776. Artifacts have been found across San Francisco from at least 50 different locations during modern construction activities within

70-490: A difficult matter—especially since it in part depends on an incomplete fossil record. Sequoioideae is an ancient taxon , with the oldest described Sequoioideae species, Sequoia jeholensis , recovered from Jurassic deposits. The fossil wood Medulloprotaxodioxylon , reported from the late Triassic of China, resembles Sequoiadendron giganteum and may represent an ancestral form of the Sequoioideae; this supports

105-556: A larger list. Mission San Francisco de As%C3%ADs The Mission San Francisco de Asís ( Spanish : Misión San Francisco de Asís ), also known as Mission Dolores , is a historic Catholic church complex in San Francisco, California . Operated by the Archdiocese of San Francisco , the complex was founded in the 18th century by Spanish Catholic missionaries. The mission contains two historic buildings: Located in

140-492: A protective reasons. The siding was removed in a later renovation. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake destroyed the brick church and damaged the adobe building. To prevent the huge fire sparked by the earthquake from engulfing the two buildings, firefighters blew up the convent and School of Notre Dame building across the street. In 1913, the archdiocese began constructing the Mission Dolores Church to replace

175-632: A renovation in 1910. Part of the mural depicts the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary. The mural also contains the image of a rooster, a Christian symbol of the resurrection of Jesus. The Junípero Serra statue is located on the grounds of the Mission San Francisco complex. The cast stone sculpture was designed by the American artist Arthur Putnam and completed in 1909. It was cast between 1916 and 1917, and installed in 1918 when

210-615: Is a subfamily of coniferous trees within the family Cupressaceae , that range in the northern hemisphere . It includes the largest and tallest trees in the world. The trees in the subfamily are amongst the most notable trees in the world and are common ornamental trees. The subfamily reached its peak diversity in the early cenozoic . The three redwood subfamily genera are Sequoia from coastal California and Oregon , Sequoiadendron from California's Sierra Nevada , and Metasequoia in China . The redwood species contains

245-476: The Jurassic . Reticulate evolution refers to the origination of a taxon through the merging of ancestor lineages. Polyploidy has come to be understood as quite common in plants—with estimates ranging from 47% to 100% of flowering plants and extant ferns having derived from ancient polyploidy. Within the gymnosperms however it is quite rare. Sequoia sempervirens is hexaploid (2n= 6x= 66). To investigate

280-667: The Mexican American War ended in 1848, the Mission San Francisco and the rest of Alta California became part of the United States. With the end of Mexican authority, the rules governing the California missions became defunct. In 1848, the California Gold Rush brought a surge of population and commercial activity to the San Francisco area. In the 1850s, the city constructed two plank roads from

315-489: The Mexican Secularization Act of 1833 forced the missions in 1834 to start selling their vast commercial properties. In practical terms, this meant that each mission could own its church, its priests residence and small plots of land surrounding the church for gardens. The Mission San Francisco sold most of its property in 1836. By 1842, only eight Native Americans were still residing there. After

350-624: The Mission District , the mission complex was founded on October 9, 1776, by Frs Francisco Palóu and Pedro Benito Cambón. The Franciscan Order sent the two priests to the Spanish Province of Alta California to bring in Spanish settlers and evangelize the indigenous Ohlone people . The Mission Dolores Basilica replaced a brick church built in 1876 that was destroyed in the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 . The site of

385-544: The Mission Dolores mural painted in 1791 by Ohlone artists. The mural covers the entire rear wall of the building, behind the historic wooden altar. It measures 22 by 20 feet and includes two statuary niches. In 1796, the Franciscans installed a baroque-style relief sculpture called a reredos in front of the mural. In later years, the mural was covered up with wooden boarding. The mural was rediscovered during

SECTION 10

#1732766021628

420-604: The City and County of San Francisco before the arrival of Spanish missionaries in 1769. The first four Yelamu people who converted to Christianity were baptized by Father Palou and Father Santa Maria between 1777 and 1779. They were absorbed into the Mission San Francisco de Asís that was founded in 1776 by the Spaniards, and became some of the first "Mission Indians" in the San Francisco area. The largest of

455-859: The Late Cretaceous-Oligocene of the Southern Hemisphere, including Australia and New Zealand, has been suggested as a member of the subfamily. In 2024, it was estimated that there were about 500,000 redwoods in Britain, mostly brought as seeds and seedlings from the US in the Victorian era . The entire subfamily is endangered . The IUCN Red List Category & Criteria assesses Sequoia sempervirens as Endangered (A2acd), Sequoiadendron giganteum as Endangered (B2ab) and Metasequoia glyptostroboides as Endangered (B1ab). In 2024 it

490-552: The Mission Dolores church began in 1788, with the Ohlone laborers manufacturing 36,000 bricks. By 1790, the walls were completed, plastered, and whitewashed . The missionary Junípero Serra is recorded as having celebrated a mass at the chapel while it was still under construction. The Mission Dolores adobe church was finished in 1791. The new church had adobe walls that were four feet thick. The roof beams were redwood and

525-467: The assertion that the Sequoioideae are monophyletic . Most modern phylogenies place Sequoia as sister to Sequoiadendron and Metasequoia as the out-group. However, Yang et al. went on to investigate the origin of a peculiar genetic component in Sequoioideae, the polyploidy of Sequoia —and generated a notable exception that calls into question the specifics of this relative consensus. A 2006 paper based on non-molecular evidence suggested

560-664: The ceiling displayed traditional Ohlone designs painted in vegetable dyes. The mission complex at this time included a convent and facilities for agriculture and manufacturing. The early 19th century saw the greatest period of activity at Mission San Francisco: At its peak in 1810–1820, the average Indian population at Pueblo Dolores was about 1,100 people. In 1810 the Mission owned 11,000 sheep, 11,000 cows, and thousands of horses, goats, pigs, and mules. Its ranching and farming operations extended as far south as San Mateo and east to Alameda . Horses were corralled on Potrero Hill , and

595-528: The city that were originally left by family groups that moved seasonally between villages around present day San Francisco. Additional villages existed to the south of San Francisco as well. According to anthropologists the Yelamu people and their Ohlone neighbors arrived here between 4,000–6,000 years ago. They live on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula in the region comprising

630-655: The destroyed brick church. The architect Willis Polk restored the Adobe building in 1917. Construction of the new Mission Dolores Church experienced delays due to the American entry into World War I in 1917. It was finally completed in 1918. The church was remodeled in 1926, with the archdiocese adding churrigueresque ornamentation. These were inspired by exhibits at the 1915 Panama–California Exposition in San Diego, California. In 1952, Archbishop John J. Mitty announced that Pope Pius XII had elevated Mission Dolores to

665-529: The downtown area to the Mission District. The area soon became a popular resort and entertainment center. The Franciscans sold or leased some of the remaining mission land to developers who built saloons and gambling halls. By 1857, the Franciscans had turned control of the Mission San Francisco to the Archdiocese of San Francisco. During the late 19th century, the archdiocese converted part of

700-676: The end of the Mexican War of Independence in 1821, the newly independent Mexico took control of Alta California. Relations were strained between the new Mexican Government and the Franciscan overseers of the California missions. Supplies were scarce and over 5,000 Native Americans died from disease and other causes at the Mission San Francisco. The Mexican Government decided to free the Native Americans under mission guardianship and give them mission lands. New regulations under

735-585: The following relationship among extant species: M. glyptostroboides (dawn redwood) S. sempervirens (coast redwood) S. giganteum (giant sequoia) Taxodioideae A 2021 study using molecular evidence found the same relationships among Sequoioideae species, but found Sequoioideae to be the sister group to the Athrotaxidoideae (a superfamily presently known only from Tasmania ) rather than to Taxodioideae . Sequoioideae and Athrotaxidoideae are thought to have diverged from each other during

SECTION 20

#1732766021628

770-657: The future Mission San Francisco was scouted by the Spanish missionary Pedro Font in March 1776 during a visit to the Bay Area by the Spanish explorer Juan Bautista de Anza . The Spanish missionaries named the new mission San Francisco de Asís, in honor of Francis of Assisi , founder of the Franciscan Order . It became commonly known as Mission Dolores, after the nearby creek, Arroyo de Nuestra Señora de los Dolores ( Our Lady of Sorrows Creek )" On October 9, 1776,

805-608: The idea of a Late Triassic Norian origin for this subfamily. The fossil record shows a massive expansion of range in the Cretaceous and dominance of the Arcto-Tertiary Geoflora , especially in northern latitudes. Genera of Sequoioideae were found in the Arctic Circle , Europe, North America, and throughout Asia and Japan. A general cooling trend beginning in the late Eocene and Oligocene reduced

840-428: The inconsistent relationships among Metasequoia , Sequoia, and Sequoiadendron could be a sign of reticulate evolution by hybrid speciation (in which two species hybridize and give rise to a third) among the three genera. However, the long evolutionary history of the three genera (the earliest fossil remains being from the Jurassic ) make resolving the specifics of when and how Sequoia originated once and for all

875-577: The largest and tallest trees in the world. These trees can live for thousands of years. Threats include logging, fire suppression, illegal marijuana cultivation, and burl poaching. Only two of the genera, Sequoia and Sequoiadendron , are known for massive trees. Trees of Metasequoia , from the single living species Metasequoia glyptostroboides , are deciduous, grow much smaller (although are still large compared to most other trees) and can live in colder climates. Multiple studies of both morphological and molecular characters have strongly supported

910-598: The milking sheds for the cows were located along Dolores Creek at what is today Mission High School. Twenty looms were kept in operation to process wool into cloth. The circumference of the Mission's holdings was said to have been about 125 miles. In 1817, the Franciscans established the Mission San Rafael Arcángel in San Rafael, California as an a sistencia to act as a hospital for the mission. It became an independent mission in 1822. With

945-455: The mission was remodeled. Funding for the sculpture came from D.J. McQuarry and it cost $ 500 to cast. It is approximately 6 ft 6 in tall. The sculpture depicts Serra wearing a Franciscan friar's robe belted at the waist with a knotted rope and a rosary around his neck. The sculpture is on a concrete base. It is one of a series of allegorical figures commissioned by the estate of E. W. Scripps to depict California history. In 1993 it

980-407: The missionaries dedicated a small chapel in present-day San Francisco as the Mission San Francisco. According to some sources, the chapel stood near the present intersection of Camp and Albion Streets . Members of the local Ramaytush Ohlone tribe are recorded as entering the mission in 1785. They would later provide the labor to build the new mission church. The construction of adobe walls for

1015-413: The northern ranges of the Sequoioideae, as did subsequent ice ages. Evolutionary adaptations to ancient environments persist in all three species despite changing climate, distribution, and associated flora, especially the specific demands of their reproduction ecology that ultimately forced each of the species into refugial ranges where they could survive. The extinct genus Austrosequoia , known from

1050-544: The old convent into a two-story wooden wing for use as a seminary and priests' residence. The rest of the convent building became the Mansion House, a tavern. By 1876, the archdiocese had razed the Mansion House, replacing it with a large Gothic Revival brick church to accommodate more congregants than the adobe church The archdiocese also covered the adobe church with clapboard siding for both cosmetic and

1085-467: The origins of this polyploidy Yang et al. used two single copy nuclear genes , LFY and NLY, to generate phylogenetic trees . Other researchers have had success with these genes in similar studies on different taxa. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of Sequoia's polyploidy: allopolyploidy by hybridization between Metasequoia and some probably extinct taxodiaceous plant; Metasequoia and Sequoiadendron, or ancestors of

Yelamu - Misplaced Pages Continue

1120-538: The status of a minor Basilica . This was the first designation of a basilica west of the Mississippi and the fifth basilica named in the United States. Today, the church constructed in 1918 is referred to as the Mission Dolores Basilica while the 1791 adobe chapel is called the Mission Dolores. The mission complex also includes a historic cemetery. The Mission Dolores adobe chapel contains

1155-553: The three San Francisco groups had its winter village at Tubsinthe, near Candlestick Point and its summer home at Amuctac in Visitacion Valley. The second group moved between their summer camp at Chutchui village located along Mission Creek in the Mission and Sitlintac on the edge of Mission Bay that was filled in during the 19th century. The third community lived near Crissy Field at Petlenuc. The Yelamu/Ramai villages south of San Francisco: See List of Ohlone villages for

1190-588: The two genera, as the parental species of Sequoia ; and autohexaploidy , autoallohexaploidy, or segmental allohexaploidy. Yang et al. found that Sequoia was clustered with Metasequoia in the tree generated using the LFY gene but with Sequoiadendron in the tree generated with the NLY gene. Further analysis strongly supported the hypothesis that Sequoia was the result of a hybridization event involving Metasequoia and Sequoiadendron . Thus, Yang et al. hypothesize that

1225-527: Was examined by the Smithsonian Institution 's Save Outdoor Sculpture! program. The program determined that the sculpture was well maintained. The Mission Dolores Basilica contains a stained glass window of Francis of Assisi, created by the German artist Franz Xaver Zettler at the time of the church's construction. Redwood Sequoioideae , commonly referred to as redwoods ,

#627372