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49-664: Its 25-acre (10 ha) Main Station contains most of the center's biomedical research laboratories. The center also includes the Living Links Center and the 117-acre (47 ha) Field Station near Lawrenceville, Georgia . The center was established in 1930 by Robert Yerkes , in Orange Park, Florida , associated then with Yale University . Yerkes was a pioneering primatologist who specialized in comparative psychology . In 1965, it relocated to its location on

98-531: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

147-594: A Lawrenceville mailing address, with its high school cluster in parentheses. Within Lawrenceville are two public colleges: Xpress GA / RTA Commuter buses and Gwinnett County Transit serve the city. Gwinnett County Airport is partially located in Lawrenceville. Northside Hospital Gwinnett is located in Lawrenceville. The CDC and ATSDR Specimen Packaging, Inventory and Repository (CASPIR) biorepository located in Lawrenceville, Georgia holds over 6.5 million samples. County seat A county seat

196-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

245-401: A primate was mistakenly euthanized after a technician mistakenly entered the wrong code into the euthanization schedule. In August 2017, a primate had to be given surgery after a gauze sponge was left in its abdomen from a different surgery a week prior. In August 2021, a female macaque died after her leg got caught in a gap in the wall of her housing facility. An investigation determined that

294-462: A severe blow to the city's commercial infrastructure. This act of destruction not only symbolized the toll of war on the town's economy but also underscored the intense division and strife tearing through the nation during this tumultuous period. By the end of the war, half of the wealth of Lawrenceville was lost by the Civil War . Courtland Winn served two terms as mayor starting in 1884 when he

343-589: A sniper near the courthouse. Both survived, though Flynt was seriously disabled. Years later, imprisoned serial killer Joseph Paul Franklin claimed to have been the shooter, but he never produced any proof and was not charged in the case. (Franklin was executed in 2013 in Missouri for a 1977 sniper slaying.) A heavily fictionalized treatment of the Flynt shooting can be seen in the 1996 movie The People vs. Larry Flynt . The Gwinnett Justice and Administration Center

392-494: Is a city in and the county seat of Gwinnett County , Georgia , United States. It is a suburb of Atlanta , located approximately 30 miles (50 km) northeast of downtown . It was incorporated on December 15, 1821. As of the 2020 census , the population of Lawrenceville was 30,629. Lawrenceville was incorporated by an act of the Georgia General Assembly on December 15, 1821. This makes Lawrenceville

441-593: Is an administrative center, seat of government , or capital city of a county or civil parish . The term is in use in five countries: Canada , China , Hungary , Romania , and the United States . An equivalent term, shire town , is used in the U.S. state of Vermont and in several other English-speaking jurisdictions, such as Venezuela . In Canada , the provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below

490-409: Is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in the county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of

539-402: Is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km ), or 0.83%, is water. Nearby cities are Dacula to the east, Buford to the north, Suwanee to the north-northwest, Duluth to the northwest, Norcross to the west, Lilburn to the southwest, Snellville to the south, and Grayson to the southeast. Lawrenceville has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfa ). As of

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588-453: Is owned by the City of Lawrenceville . The Lawrenceville Lawn is a city park offering an amphitheater, playground, volleyball courts, dog park, and walking path. It is also the location of concerts and community events. Rhodes Jordan Park , named for the former mayor, is a 162-acre park with a fishing lake, playground, extensive sports facilities, swim facilities, 1.9 mile paved trail, and

637-564: The 2020 United States census , there were 30,629 people, 10,524 households, and 7,071 families residing in the city. Atlanta Biologicals is located in Lawrenceville. Peach State Federal Credit Union headquartered in Lawrenceville serves 39,800 members across Barrow , Clarke , DeKalb , Forsyth , Gwinnett , Jackson , Oconee , and Walton Counties. It hosts the headquarters of KiK Consumer Products, parent company of BioLab Inc. The Old Seminary Building , Isaac Adair House and Gwinnett County Courthouse in Lawrenceville are listed on

686-470: The Civil War , Gwinnett County stood as a notable exception, casting its vote against secession. At the heart of this dissent was Lawrenceville, the county seat, which dispatched three delegates to represent its staunch opposition to secession. This resistance stemmed partly from the county's unique demographic makeup, characterized by a relatively low slave population, where the ratio of whites to slaves stood at 4 to 1. Despite its initial reluctance to join

735-691: The National Register of Historic Places . The Lawrenceville Arts Center (LAC), the new home of the Aurora Theatre, brings art and culture together in the center of the historic square. The LAC features a 500-seat Proscenium theatre, a cabaret, an outdoor public courtyard, and an art gallery. A second building, the Bobby Sikes Fine Arts Building, features a 225-seat theatre and black box theatre. The Lawrenceville Arts Center averages 80,000 visitors per year and

784-586: The City of Lawrenceville throughout its history. Gwinnett County Public Library operates a library in Lawrenceville. The Gwinnett County Public Library and the City of Lawrenceville are preserving the Hooper-Renwick Historic School Site into the first themed library of its kind in the southeastern United States. It will incorporate cultural and historic objects and artifacts with the library's resources and information, offering

833-500: The Emory National Primate Research Center, houses 3,400 animals, specializes in behavioral studies of primate social groups, and is located 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Atlanta on 117 acres (47 ha) of wooded land. The Living Links Center is a part of the Emory National Primate Research Center and was formerly run by primatologist Frans De Waal . Located at the center's Main Station on

882-590: The Emory campus, work is also carried out at the Field Station. Multidisciplinary medical research at the research center is primarily aimed at development of medical treatments and vaccines . Research programs include cognitive development and decline, childhood visual defects, organ transplantation , the behavioral effects of hormone replacement therapy and social behaviors of primates. Researchers are also leading programs to better understand

931-480: The Field Station, personnel determined that Ep13 , a non-infected female rhesus macaque, was missing. On August 16, 2011, the search for Ep13 ended. In December 2014, a macaque was found dead in an enclosure adjacent to the one in which she was supposed to be housed. Staff at the facility failed to notice that the macaque was not in the correct enclosure. In January 2015, a macaque was euthanized after being in distress for at least two weeks. A necropsy revealed that

980-513: The Lawrenceville Community Garden. Fallen Heroes Memorial & Armed Forces Monument pays tribute to all Gwinnett residents who died in the line of duty in either military or public safety service. The memorial honors roughly 700 individuals. The Lawrenceville Heritage Trail follows a series of medallions throughout the historic downtown, each dedicated to the individuals who have made significant contributions to

1029-947: The United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

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1078-421: The aging process, pioneer organ transplant procedures and provide safer drugs to organ transplant recipients, determine the behavioral effects of hormone replacement therapy , prevent early onset vision disorders and shed light on human behavioral evolution . Researchers have had success creating transgenic rhesus macaque monkeys with Huntington's disease and hope to breed a second generation of macaques with

1127-400: The campus of Emory University. In April 2022, Emory University removed Yerkes' name from the center, after a review by Emory's Committee on Naming Honors recommended that the name be changed due to Yerkes' past support for eugenics . The Yerkes National Primate Research Center is now known as the Emory National Primate Research Center, effective June 1, 2022. The Field Station is a part of

1176-526: The counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when the Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of

1225-419: The county courthouse was selected and purchased, the four streets bordering the square were laid out along with other streets in the village, and a public well was dug. Major Grace built the first permanent courthouse, a brick structure, in 1823–24 for a cost of $ 4,000. The courthouse presently on the square was constructed in 1885. Most of Lawrenceville's residents farmed cotton. During the tumultuous era of

1274-418: The county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where the county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in

1323-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

1372-553: The direct clashes of battle, it was not spared the ravages of war. The infamous March to the Sea led by General Sherman brought the conflict to its doorstep. The town became a target for frequent raids by Union forces, disrupting daily life and instilling fear among its inhabitants. One of the most devastating blows came when Union soldiers set fire to the Lawrenceville Manufacturing Company, dealing

1421-480: The first work-related death in the center's history on December 10, 1997, due to herpes B virus . Griffin apparently became infected after a fluid exposure to the eye which occurred while helping to move a caged rhesus macaque at the Field Station. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration ultimately fined the center $ 105,300 in 1998 after a 19-week investigation. The event led to reforms in safety protocols for handling research primates. On June 15, 2011, at

1470-589: The genetic disorder. The center has long been the target of protest for its treatment of animals. This was especially true after the release of Frederick Wiseman 's 1974 film Primate , which was shot at the research center and depicted primates undergoing surgical procedures, as well as a transcardial perfusion and brain extraction. The center's proposal to do AIDS-related research on endangered sooty mangabey monkeys drew opposition from numerous primatologists, including Jane Goodall . Emory National Primate Research Center research assistant Elizabeth Griffin became

1519-677: The historic mill. Lawrenceville Ghost Tours are available annually in September and October. The City of Lawrenceville is home to several public murals commissioned by the Lawrenceville Arts Commission. The City of Lawrenceville hosts an average of 30 free community events annually in the downtown historic district. The City of Lawrenceville was designated a Tree City by the Arbor Day Foundation on February 18, 2023. The City of Lawrenceville

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1568-496: The housing facility was not constructed properly. In October 2021, the USDA reported that the center had not properly cleaned food waste from several macaque housing enclosures. It was reported that food waste had not been cleaned up for three to four weeks. In some cases, the accumulation of food waste prevented drainage of rainwater, attracted flies, and started to accumulate mold. Lawrenceville, Georgia Lawrenceville

1617-424: The imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of a county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of

1666-585: The increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan, the number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized the term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan

1715-625: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

1764-758: The later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been a major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With

1813-452: The macaque was in distress because staff had applied a rubber band to the animal during application of an identification tattoo, but had failed to remove the rubber band. In December 2015, a male macaque was euthanized after being sick from surgery a week prior. A necropsy revealed that the macaque was sick as a result of a piece of gauze being left in his abdomen during surgery, which caused adhesions and intestinal obstruction. In July 2017,

1862-479: The opportunity for the public to learn the history of segregation and desegregation in Gwinnett. Lawrenceville Historic Cemetery is located approximately one-half mile from the historic square and is the resting place of several city founders. Freeman's Grist Mill is a Gwinnett County Park located in Lawrenceville. It features a playground that replicates a gristmill, a picnic pavilion, multi-purpose trail, and

1911-775: The provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia the term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in the People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized

1960-482: The secessionist cause, Lawrenceville found itself drawn into the conflict as it rallied to support the Confederate war effort. The bustling town was home to the Lawrenceville Manufacturing Company, a prominent cotton mill established in the 1850s. This mill played a vital role in producing essential textile goods, including uniforms, to supply the Confederate army . While Lawrenceville itself remained untouched by

2009-454: The second oldest city in the metropolitan Atlanta area. The city is named after Commodore James Lawrence , commander of the frigate Chesapeake during the War of 1812 . Lawrence, a native of New Jersey , is probably best known today for his dying command, "Don't give up the ship!" William Maltbie, the town's first postmaster, suggested the name of "Lawrenceville." In 1821, a permanent site for

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2058-777: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

2107-554: The time than in the Deep South. He eventually became the World Heavyweight boxing champion by defeating Joe Louis by unanimous decision on September 27, 1950. Lawrenceville was one of many venues in the nation where Hustler magazine publisher Larry Flynt faced obscenity charges in the late 1970s. On March 6, 1978, during a lunch break in his Lawrenceville trial, he and his local attorney Gene Reeves were shot by

2156-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

2205-624: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

2254-647: Was 21 years old. The two most famous people born in Lawrenceville gained their fame elsewhere. Charles Henry Smith , born in 1826, left as a young man and lived most of his life in other Georgia towns. During the Civil War he wrote humorous pieces for Atlanta newspapers under the name Bill Arp. He has been described as the South's most popular writer of the late 19th century, though he is not much read today. Ezzard Charles , born in 1921, grew up in Cincinnati , where opportunities for African-Americans were far better at

2303-666: Was built in 1988 at a cost of $ 72 million to replace the original Gwinnett County Courthouse , which had been built in 1872 shortly after the American Civil War . Since 1988, Lawrenceville has been the headquarters of the Presbyterian Church in America . Lawrenceville is located in central Gwinnett County. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 13.5 square miles (35.0 km ), of which 13.4 square miles (34.7 km )

2352-525: Was declared a Purple Heart City on August 24, 2020 by Mayor David Still. The annual Polish Pierogi Festival occurs in August, and includes food booths, music, and competitions. The Triple-A Minor League Baseball Gwinnett Stripers of the International League play at Coolray Field . Gwinnett County Public Schools operates public schools. The following is a list of schools with

2401-573: Was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after the Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of the United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government

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