Misplaced Pages

#546453

41-460: Located on the city wall of the west gate of the ancient city in Yueyang city, Hunan province, China, Yueyang Tower faces Junshan Island and overlooks Dongting Lake , being exquisite and imposing. Since ancient times, it has enjoyed the good reputation that Dongting Lake is the best among lakes, and Yueyang Tower is incomparable among towers. Yueyang Tower with yellow tiles and overhanging eaves set

82-513: A context of a brief poetic story narrative within a cí poem or a linked group of cí poems in an application of the chuanqi form of short story tales to poetry. During the Song dynasty (960–1279), two main categories of cí employed were xiǎolìng (小令; the original form since pre-Song) and màncí (慢詞; starting with Liu Yong ), depending on the song being either short and in fast tempo or long and in slow tempo. Most xiǎolìng were written in

123-400: A famous piece of that very cípái . There also are variants of certain cípái , indicated by a prefix or a suffix. The formations of Ci are complicated, in different names of cipai, the number of characters, syntactical structure, tones and rhyme are also different. For example, choosing the cipai Jiang Chengzi or "Riverside City" (江城子), the tone requirements of each character in this cipai

164-500: A fifth ("neutral") tone may be considered. The tonal systems of past centuries were different. The term "tonal contour" is used to indicate that these tones are not tones in the sense of absolute musical pitches, but rather in terms of the overall relative "shape" of the tones as spoken or chanted. The four tones of Middle Chinese were first described by Shen Yue around AD 500. They were the "level" (平 píng), "rising" (上 shǎng), "departing" (去 qù), and "entering" (入 rù) tones." The level

205-580: A heroic spirit to the elegant and graceful Yueyang Tower, and manifests the majestic and exquisite Yueyang Tower. Lü Dongbin Drunk at Yueyang Tower Three Times is a well-known Chinese Taoist tale often depicted in plays, novels, and other forms of art. It tells the story of Lü Dongbin , who helps two spirits, a willow and a plum, to become immortals. He reincarnated them as humans, had them marry, and tested their devotion through many difficult trials. The story recounts that Lü Dongbin visited Yueyang Tower and met

246-560: A layer of white filaments. When the tea is being brewed, tea leaves first float up to the top and then sink to the bottom in a vertical position as if they were swords standing upward creating a peculiar phenomenon in the tea cup. This Hunan location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ci (poetry) Cí (pronounced [tsʰǐ] ; Chinese : 詞 ), also known as chángduǎnjù ( 長短句 ; 长短句 ; 'lines of irregular lengths') and shīyú ( 詩餘 ; 诗馀 ; 'the poetry besides Shi '),

287-467: A monk. Though Guo Maer couldn’t bring himself to do it, He Lamei still died, and he was blamed for her death. Later that day, Lü Dongbin returned and revealed that He Lamei was not truly dead. The judges then realized they were all immortals in disguise. Guo Maer learned he was the reincarnated willow spirit, and He Lamei the plum spirit. Together, they followed Lü Dongbin into the Dao and became immortals. Like

328-499: A poet of the Tang dynasty, drank against the wind and wrote: "The water and the sky merge in one color, and the wonders of natural beauty and boundless" ( 水天一色，风月无边 ). Du Fu , another poet of the Tang dynasty, ascended Yueyang Tower while ill and wrote the verse, famous through the ages, that "I heard of Dongting Lake before, and now I ascend Yueyang Tower" ( 昔闻洞庭水，今上岳阳楼 ). The verses "the waters around Dongting Lake are covered by steam, and

369-488: A proper person to reproduce Memorial to Yueyang Tower , the calligrapher Zhang Zhao ( 张照 ), minister of the Ministry of Justice, was escorting army provisions in transportation via Yueyang. Huang Ningdao invited Zhang Zhao to re-engrave it. In the beginning, Zhang Zhao introduced Teng Zijing's recent situation and Yueyang Tower in formal regular script ( 正楷 ); he wrote in semi-cursive script ( 行书 ) to describe landscape in

410-578: Is Yueyang, and it was first built in the Han and Jin dynasties ( 楼名岳阳，肇自汉晋 ). Since Yueyang Tower was built, it has enjoyed a history of over 1,700 years so far. It was destroyed and rebuilt amid wind and rain. The existing Yueyang Tower was built in the sixth year of the Guangxu period in the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), namely 1880. In 1983, according to the principle of remaining old as before ( 整旧如旧原则 ), it

451-446: Is a type of lyric poetry in the tradition of Classical Chinese poetry that also draws upon folk traditions. Cí, also known as "song lyrics, " use various poetic meters derived from a base set of fixed pattern forms, using fixed-rhythm, fixed-tone, and line-lengths varying according that of the model examples. The rhythmic and tonal pattern of the cí are based upon certain, definitive musical song tunes ( cípái ), and in many cases

SECTION 10

#1732797431547

492-644: Is classified in 平 ping; and the rising, departing and entering are classified in 仄 ze. So, in any cipai, the formation of Ci, each Chinese character in Ci will be required in detailed tones with 平 or 仄. Cipai, also called Cige and Cidiao, is the name of various formations of Ci. Most cípái consist of three characters. The literal meaning of a cípái can be rather obscure, making it difficult to translate. Some are taken straight from earlier poems, and some are clearly of Non-Han origin—mostly songs introduced from Central Asia. Some cípái have alternative names, usually taken from

533-694: Is following: 仄平平仄仄平平。仄平平，仄平平。仄仄平平，仄仄仄平平。仄仄平平平仄仄，平仄仄，仄平平。 平平仄仄仄平平。仄平平，仄平平。仄仄平平，仄仄仄平平。仄仄平平平仄仄，平仄仄，仄平平。 The following is a cí poem based on 江城子. General translation: In the title of this cí , "Riverside City" is the name of cípái. Su Shi was married when he was 19, and his wife was 16. His wife died when she was only 27. Because of his government duties, Su Shi moved to many different places in China, all far away from his hometown. One night in early 1075, about 10 years after her death, Su Shi dreamed of his wife, then composed this famous cí . Fuller, Michael A. (2018-02-12). An Introduction to Chinese Poetry: From

574-518: The Tang dynasty (618–907), wrote: " 淡掃明湖開玉鏡，丹靑畫出是君山 ". Liu Yuxi , another poet of the Tang dynasty, eulogized: " 遥望洞庭山水翠，白銀盤裏一靑螺 ". Junshan Island produces a lot of local specialities among which the most famous is Junshan Silver Needle Tea ( 君山銀針茶 ) also known as "Gold Inlaid Jade" ( 金鑲玉 ). The tea was listed as a tribute to the imperial family in the Tang dynasty (618–907). The golden tea leaves narrow and thin as needles , are wrapped by

615-644: The Xiang River goddesses . It is 0.96 km (0.37 sq mi) in area. It was formerly a Daoist retreat. Junshan Island consists of 72 peaks on an oval-shaped island in Dongting Lake . It was initially called "Mount Xiang" ( 湘山 ) in ancient times, also referred to as "Mount Dongting" ( 洞庭山 ). Junshan Island is full of historical sites such as the Tomb of Xiangfei ( 湘妃墓 ). Legend said that 4,000 years ago during Emperor Shun 's inspection visit in

656-506: The ci form of Classical Chinese poetry is especially associated with the poetry of the Song dynasty , during which it was indeed a popular poetic form. A revival of the cí poetry form occurred during the end of the Ming dynasty and the beginning of the Qing dynasty which was characterized by an exploration of the emotions connected with romantic love together with its secularization, often in

697-414: The ci form was formalized by the scholarly, it's antecedents had grown up in a setting of popular music. Serindian influences were particularly important in this regard; with the influence of Kucha drum dance tunes being the most important. Much of the process of importing Serindian influence into Classical Chinese poetry was mediated through the short-lived state of Western Liang (555–587) . Western Liang

738-582: The ci poet and calligrapher of the Northern Song dynasty, are the most famous. The famed engraver Shao Song ( 邵竦 ), engraved the work on a wooden screen, but it was lost. During the Qianlong period of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), Huang Ningdao ( 黄凝道 ), magistrate of Yueyang, decided to have a wooden screen of Memorial to Yueyang Tower engraved again. Just when Huang Ningdao tried hard to find

779-587: The 13th year of the Jian'an period of the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220), namely AD 208, in the famous Battle of Red Cliffs , Lu Su, the senior general of the Eastern Wu, joined the alliance of Sun Quan and Liu Bei . The allied forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei launched fire attacks on 800,000 soldiers of the troops of Cao Cao , in the red cliff (today's Chibi city, Hubei province), thus forming

820-475: The fifth year of the Qingli period, namely 1045, Fan Zhongyan was dismissed from his post of assistant administrator ( 参知政事 ) and demoted to Deng Prefecture (today's Deng county ), Henan , because the reform viewpoint he proposed influenced the interests of the conservative party of the court. In the next year, Fan Zhongyan suddenly heard from his good friend Teng Zijing ( 滕子京 ). In the letter, Teng Zijing said he

861-507: The green forest off ( 黄瓦飞檐 ). Its roof covered with yellow glazed tiles ( 黄色琉璃瓦 ) has a smooth curve, precipitous yet warped, just like a general's helmet in ancient China. It is the only ancient building with a helmet roof structure in China. Legend has it that this helmet roof was specially designed to commemorate a general of the Three Kingdoms period (220–280): Lu Su , the famous general of Eastern Wu (222–280). In

SECTION 20

#1732797431547

902-548: The late Tang dynasty . Although the contributions of Li Bai (701–762) are fraught with historical doubt, certainly the Tang poet Wen Tingyun (812–870) was a great master of the ci , writing it in its distinct and mature form. One of the more notable practitioners and developers of this form was Li Yu of the Southern Tang dynasty, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period , subsequent to Tang. Before

943-521: The middle part; and he wrote in the style between semi-cursive script and regular script ( 行楷 ) in the last part. Later, Huang Ningdao selected 12 pieces of best-quality rosewood for the screen and asked a carpenter to engrave Memorial to Yueyang Tower written by Zhang Zhao on the screen. Now, the engraved screen is inlaid in the hall of the second floor of Yueyang Tower. According to the record in Baling County Annals ( 《巴陵县志》 ), its name

984-516: The most popular and influential were the musicians―instrumentalists, singers, and dancers―and the instruments and musical modes that they brought with them....For many centuries, the music of the West had had its admirers in China, but under the Sui [581–618] emperors there was a great vogue for it, which continued into T'ang times." Foreign music (in terms of performers, instruments, musical modes, and songs)

1025-431: The name of the musical tune is given in the title of a cí piece, in a form such as "after (the tune of)...." Typically, the number of characters in each line and the arrangement of tones were determined by one of around 800 set patterns, each associated with a particular title, called cípái ( 詞牌 ). Originally, they were written to be sung to a tune of that title, with a set rhythm, rhyme , and tempo. Therefore,

1066-590: The oldest surviving textual examples of cí are from 8th century CE Dunhuang manuscripts , beginning in the poetry of the Liang dynasty , the ci followed the tradition of the Shi Jing and the yuefu : they were lyrics which developed from anonymous popular songs into a sophisticated literary genre. In the case of the cí form, some of its fixed-rhythm patterns have been influenced by music and poetry of Central Asia and elsewhere. The ci form developed during

1107-410: The other two great towers of Jiangnan, Yueyang Tower is famous partly due to its literary associations. These include the piece Yueyang Lou Ji ( 《岳阳楼记》 ; 《岳陽樓記》 , loosely translated as "Memorial to Yueyang Tower"), which was written by the renowned Song dynasty Chancellor and poet Fan Zhongyan ( 范仲淹 ) at the invitation of his friend Teng Zijing ( 滕子京 , who in 1044 became local governor and rebuilt

1148-704: The pre-Song era. Later, during the Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1912) dynasties, the cí , or rather the cípái , became classified for the number of characters it dictates. It is called If the ci appears in one stanza, it is called dāndiào (單調). The largest majority is shuāngdiào (雙調) with two stanzas or què (闋) in identical or nearly identical patterns. There also are rare cases of sāndié (三疊) and sìdié (四疊), for three and four qüè , respectively. In terms of style, cí can also be classified as either wǎnyuē (婉約; grace) or háofàng (豪放; bold). There are four main tones in Mandarin Chinese, though

1189-483: The rolling waves shock Yueyang city" ( 气蒸云梦泽，波撼岳阳城 ) by Meng Haoran and "the vast waters cover an area of 500,000 metres (1,600,000 ft), and layer upon layer of mountains are as tall as 100 floors" ( 江国逾千里，山城仅百层 ) by Du Fu in the Tang dynasty, describe this place. However, it was Fan Zhongyan , an eminent minister of the Northern Song dynasty (960–1127), that really made Yueyang Tower world-famous. In

1230-468: The roof of Yueyang Tower is designed into a helmet roof held by a ruyi bracket system ( 如意斗拱盔顶式 ). The ruyi bracket system under a helmet roof is in the shape of a honeycomb, being dainty and exquisite. Three layers of overhanging eaves set off the helmet roof, looking like a roc spreading its wings, and flying up. This roof structure in the shape of the general's helmet in ancient times is unique in ancient Chinese architectural history. The helmet roof adds

1271-427: The same time, he also expressed his ideal wish: To be the first to worry and to be the last to enjoy pleasure in the world is our credo. On September 15 that year, Fan Zhongyan wrote down the eternally famous article Memorial to Yueyang Tower . Yueyang Tower is famous for Memorial to Yueyang Tower ( 《岳阳楼记》 ) written by Fan Zhongyan. Many calligraphers have reproduced Memorial to Yueyang Tower . Works by Su Shunqin ,

Yueyang Tower - Misplaced Pages Continue

1312-401: The south, two concubines named "Ehuang" ( 娥皇 ) and "Nüying" ( 女英 ) followed him to Dongting Lake, but they were stopped by stormy weather. When they heard that Emperor Shun had died suddenly they cried so bitterly that their teardrops turned the bamboo into mottled bamboo. Soon they died of overwhelming sadness and locals built a tomb on Junshan Island to commemorate them. Li Bai , a poet of

1353-408: The title may have nothing to do with its content. Indeed, several cí often shared the same title. The titles did not refer to the content, but rather their shared rhythmic and tonal patterns. Some cí have a "subtitle" or a commentary, sometimes as long as a paragraph, indicating the content. Sometimes, for the sake of clarity, a cí is listed under its title, followed by its first line. Although

1394-620: The tower) as well as the Yuan dynasty era play Yueyang Tower by Ma Zhiyuan , one of China's most eminent dramatists. Junshan Island Junshan Island ( simplified Chinese : 君山岛 ; traditional Chinese : 君山島 ; pinyin : Jūnshān Dǎo ; lit. 'Jun Mountain Island';) is an island in Hunan province in China on Dongting Lake . The name derives from the legend of

1435-404: The tripartite confrontation of Cao Wei (220–265), Shu Han (221–263), and Eastern Wu (222–280) from then on. Later, Sun Quan of Eastern Wu dispatched Lu Su to lead troops to defend Baqiu ( 巴丘 ; today's Yueyang), so as to scramble for Jingzhou with Liu Bei. Lu Su built Yuejun Tower ( 阅军楼 ) on the top of the city wall by Dongting Lake, to train and review the navy. Yuejun Tower

1476-495: The willow spirit, who wanted to become a god but was trapped in a wooden body. Lü Dongbin told the willow spirit to be reborn as a human, promising to return and help him after thirty years. The willow spirit was reborn as Guo Maer, and the plum spirit as He Lamei. They grew up, married, and opened a teahouse below Yueyang Tower. Lü Dongbin visited Guo Maer twice, but Guo was unable to understand his guidance. On his third visit, Lü Dongbin instructed Guo Maer to kill his wife and become

1517-416: Was basically a city-state centered on the city known in Tang times as Liangzhou. In Western Liang a musical hybrid of Chinese and Kuchean traditions developed, and became popularized throughout the Tang culture, from the people to even the emperor Xuanzong (reigned 713–756). This was part of a larger movement: "...of all the specialists of ambiguous socal status who were sent to China by a foreign government,

1558-418: Was brought to China, often as a result of wars of conquest or as a type of "tribute" and this music found a place in informal settings at the imperial court to other less reputable settings. Ci poetry largely developed during the late Tang from the music made in popular settings such as houses of pleasure and from the inclusion of romantic and erotic themes of late Tang poets such as Li Shangyin . However,

1599-432: Was demoted to Yueyang and served as magistrate. He planned to have Yueyang Tower rebuilt. So he invited Fan Zhongyan to write a memorial article. Painting Autumn Night by Dongting Lake ( 《洞庭秋晚图》 ) was also attached. After hearing from Teng Zijing, Fan Zhongyan had complex feelings. Unexpectedly, his good friend Teng Zijing also suffered the same hardship. He expressed his emotion with landscapes to console his good friend. At

1640-412: Was pulled down for overhaul, and the original artistic style and architectural features of the Qing dynasty were kept. The current Yueyang Tower is of pure wood structure. The main tower is 19.42 metres (63.7 ft) with three layers of overhanging eaves ( 三层飞檐 ). Four nanmu hypostyle columns in the tower go straight to the roof of the tower. To commemorate Lu Su , the famous general of Eastern Wu,

1681-555: Was the former Yueyang Tower. Under the Yueyang Gate, and by Dongting Lake, was the site of the Call-officers-roll Platform ( 点将台 ), where Lu Su reviewed the navy of Eastern Wu at that time. Before the Tang dynasty (618–907), Yueyang Tower was mainly used for the military. After the Tang dynasty, it gradually became a famous scenic spot where men of letters chanted poetry and composed fu . Li Bai ,

Yueyang Tower - Misplaced Pages Continue

#546453