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119-520: Yungaba Immigration Centre is a heritage-listed former immigration hostel at 102 Main Street, Kangaroo Point , City of Brisbane , Queensland , Australia, alongside the Brisbane River . It was designed by John James Clark and built c.  1885 by William Peter Clark. It is also known as Yungaba Immigration Depot, Immigration Barracks, and No.6 Australian General Hospital. It was added to

238-472: A building involving impermeable materials can also exacerbate the symptoms of rain penetration by trapping moisture. This can be a particular problem with regard to the installation of retrofit external wall insulation (EWI). Rising damp is the common term for the transport of water in the lower sections of walls and other ground-supported structures by capillary action in porous materials. Although rising damp of up to 5 metres (20') in height has been observed

357-415: A building. The unwanted moisture enables the growth of various fungi in wood, causing rot or mould health issues and may eventually lead to sick building syndrome . Plaster and paint deteriorate and wallpaper loosens. Stains, from the water, salts and from mould , mar surfaces. The highest airborne mould concentrations are found in buildings where significant mould infestation has occurred, usually as

476-506: A condensation problem. Typical remedies for condensation include increasing background heat and ventilation, improving the insulation of cold surfaces and reducing moisture generation (e.g. by avoiding the drying of clothes indoors). Rain Penetration (also known as "penetrating damp"( )) is a common form of dampness in buildings. It can occur through walls, roofs, or through openings (e.g. window reveals). Water will often penetrate

595-505: A damp-proof course in walls to prevent rising damp. An entry in the British Medical Journal from 1872 describes the phenomenon of rising damp as follows: Even if the rising damp be arrested by what is technically called an impervious damp-proof course, it will be frequently found that this is built in the wall too near the ground line, so that the heavy rain besplatters the ground and splashes above it. As time rolls on

714-519: A flat metal deck roof. Essentially, the building is visually detached from Yungaba due to its lower level siting and line of mature trees which create a barrier between the two parts of the site. Yungaba Immigration Depot was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history. Yungaba

833-466: A large luggage shed on the river bank. Parry-Okeden pointed out that the design was less than practical since a wide gap had been left between the two structures. At high tide, the wharf was cut off from land by a twelve-foot expanse of water. At low water, the wharf was inaccessible from the river due to the shallow water at this point. Repeated requests were necessary before the problems were rectified. An outbreak of scarlet fever in 1889 lent urgency to

952-549: A negative impact on the effectiveness of the internal ventilation designed into the building by William Hodgen. In 1993, the building was refitted to provide office accommodation for the Department of Family Services. This refit involved the demolition of the partitions in the North wing. The access to the river was regained following the demolition of the sheds occupied by Evans Deakin and the new accommodation facilities erected in

1071-597: A particular association with the works of J J Clark, Colonial Architect and William Parry Okeden, later Under Colonial Secretary, who was instrumental in the settlement of both the shearers' strikes and the problems with the Native Police. Parry-Okeden also had a significant role in the relationship between the colonial government and Aborigines due to his extensive knowledge of Aboriginal languages and dialects. [REDACTED] This Misplaced Pages article incorporates text from "The Queensland heritage register" published by

1190-417: A poor indoor air quality and respiratory illness in occupants. In extreme cases, mortar or plaster may fall away from the affected wall. Health concerns around mould include infections, allergenic or immunological illness, and nonallergic illness. Asthma is also triggered by the sensitization of dust mites accruing humid, wet regions of a structure. Another health effect associated with structural dampness

1309-686: A railway, so the completed locomotives were delivered along Main Street on temporary track. Until the federation of the Australian colonies in 1901, the Queensland Navy's main storage facility was located in the suburb. The first ship-based radio transmission in Australia was made between HMAS Gayundah and the buildings in 1903. The naval stores buildings were occupied by the Royal Australian Navy until 1959, and then by

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1428-423: A result of severe water intrusion or flood damage. Moulds can grow on almost any surface and occur where there is a lot of moisture from structural problems such as leaky roofs or high humidity levels. Airborne mold concentrations have the potential to be inhaled and can have health effects. Externally, mortar may crumble, and salt stains may appear on the walls. Steel and iron fasteners rust . It may also cause

1547-502: A share in both lots and transferred his boiling-down works to that location to gain the benefit of the small stream which crossed the properties. Following a series of financial transactions, the land was eventually purchased by Robert Douglas in 1853 for £400. Douglas constructed a house on lot 21 which he named "The Willows". Douglas was a prominent and popular person in Brisbane society at that time, although some scandal arose when it

1666-720: A shingle roof on land provided by James Toohey. In 1879 the Sisters of Mercy took over the operation of the school, following a dispute between MacKillop and the Catholic Bishop of Brisbane . In 1887, the Yungaba Immigration Centre was built on Main Street at Kangaroo Point to replace the poor facilities at the existing centre in William Street . In June 1888, six allotments, being subdivisions 1 to 6 of subdivisions 7 to 11 of portions 68 in

1785-447: A specialist damp and timber surveyor with a CSRT qualification. An experienced surveyor would usually be able to pinpoint the cause of damp, for example a leaking gutter causing rainwater to cascade and saturate the external structural wall which in turn causes rainwater to ingress internally and adversely affect the internal building fabric. Most forms of dampness can be prevented by thoughtful building design and careful construction. In

1904-850: Is East Brisbane State School in East Brisbane . The nearest government secondary school is Coorparoo Secondary College in Coorparoo . For tertiary studies, Kangaroo Point is host to Shafston International College and the Aboriginal Centre for the Performing Arts (ACPA) (which has now moved to the Judith Wright Arts Centre in Fortitude Valley) and was host to a Southbank Institute of TAFE campus until its demolition in 2009. Directly across

2023-544: Is a Catholic primary (Prep–6) school for boys and girls at 26–36 Leopard Street ( 27°28′58″S 153°01′58″E  /  27.4829°S 153.0329°E  / -27.4829; 153.0329  ( St Joseph's Primary School ) ). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 318 students with 24 teachers (18 full-time equivalent) and 16 non-teaching staff (9 full-time equivalent). There are no government schools in Kangaroo Point. The nearest government primary school

2142-499: Is also home to one of less than 200 Mormon temples in the world {as of August 2015}. Kangaroo Point is also home to Ellis Street, one of the 20 steepest hills in Brisbane according to Brisbane City Council. Kangaroo Point is also home to the more-than-160-year-old St Mary's Anglican Church. The cliffs are a popular picnic, rock climbing and abseiling site. The steepness of the cliffs was increased by quarrying operations which mined

2261-665: Is an inner southern suburb in the City of Brisbane , Queensland , Australia. In the 2021 census , Kangaroo Point had a population of 9,689 people. The suburb features two prominent attractions, the Story Bridge and Kangaroo Point Cliffs . At the western margins, the Captain Cook Bridge marks the start of the Pacific Motorway . Kangaroo Point is located directly east across the Brisbane River from

2380-443: Is at 26–36 Leopard Street ( 27°28′58″S 153°01′59″E  /  27.4829°S 153.0331°E  / -27.4829; 153.0331  ( St Joseph's Catholic Church ) ). Wesley Uniting Church is at 48 Linton Street ( 27°29′01″S 153°02′14″E  /  27.4837°S 153.0373°E  / -27.4837; 153.0373  ( Wesley Kangaroo Point Uniting Church ) ). St Nicholas Russian Orthodox Cathedral

2499-580: Is at 344 Vulture Street ( 27°29′03″S 153°02′05″E  /  27.4841°S 153.0346°E  / -27.4841; 153.0346  ( St Nicholas Russian Orthodox Cathedral ) ). The Brisbane temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) is at 200 River Terrace ( 27°28′51″S 153°02′01″E  /  27.4809°S 153.0336°E  / -27.4809; 153.0336  ( Brisbane Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ) ). The gold statue of

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2618-424: Is capable of retaining moisture, it will inevitably happen that unless you take means to stop its progress, the moisture will climb up the walls in obedience to the law of capillary attraction. The way to prevent this is to insert above the ground level but below the floor level, either a course of vitrified stoneware made on purpose, or two layers of slates laid in cement, or some equally effective impervious material,

2737-638: Is closely associated with the construction of the Story Bridge, one of Brisbane's landmarks. Its listing as the first building to be protected under the Cultural Record (Landscapes Queensland and Queensland Estate) Act 1987 demonstrates is strong community value within the city of Brisbane. The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history. Yungaba has

2856-420: Is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. Yungaba is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural place in that it clearly demonstrates the characteristics of institutional buildings of the late nineteenth century in its symmetrical layout and the hierarchy of decoration used to define the various functions of

2975-403: Is likely to occur as well as an increase of health risks associated with moisture damage. There are strategies to prevent water infiltration due to humidity into structures, as well as ways to treat human occupancy practices regarding humidity. Vapor retarders are materials that can be used to restrain uncontrolled airflow and water vapor into an indoor space. Vapor retarders are used to decrease

3094-569: Is located to the south. The six-lane Main Street runs from Story Bridge to Woolloongabba. The landscape of Kangaroo Point is predominantly high-rise apartments towards the tip of the peninsula while the southern end is predominantly low-medium density apartments and Queenslander type houses. At the northern tip of the peninsula is Captain Burke Park ( 27°27′55″S 153°02′06″E  /  27.4653°S 153.0350°E  / -27.4653; 153.0350  ( Captain Burke Park ) ) with

3213-536: Is not common to find rising damp on floors above ground level. The issue of rising damp has been a concern since ancient times. The Roman architect Vitruvius referred to the problem of dampness rising up walls and advised on how to construct buildings to avoid the problem. Rising damp is widely referred to in Victorian literature and the Public Health Act of 1875 introduced the requirement for

3332-713: Is now standard in the UK. The 1944 Housing Manual published by the Ministry of Works and the Ministry of Health stated that: "The resistance to penetration of rain should not be less than that of 11-in. brick cavity wall, properly designed and constructed with attention to details at the heads and joints of openings. An unrendered 9-in. wall is regarded as substandard." Whilst renders are often applied in an attempt to resist rain penetration, they must be maintained in good condition in order to fulfil this function. Even relatively small cracks in renders can allow rain penetration to pass into

3451-405: Is one of Brisbane's oldest suburbs, rich in history and character. It had a reputation for violent and rowdy street gangs around the 1900s, with a number of street riots. In 1823, explorer John Oxley described Kangaroo Point as a "jungle, fringed with mangroves with the higher land open forest, covered with grass". During the time of the subsequent convict settlement (1825–1841), Kangaroo Point

3570-408: Is possible by knowing what to look for, and where to look, to find out for a certainty whether there is or is not such a thing. Examine carefully the joints of brickwork between the ground and the level of the lower floor. A vitrified stoneware damp-course will be conspicuous from its perforations, and the difference in colour between it and the bricks. Asphalte or slates or cement alone will all appear,

3689-406: Is symbolic of the high priority that was placed on immigration during the late nineteenth century and the manner in which the colonial, and then State governments provided for those needs. The government's ambitious and extensive immigration programs established Queensland as the "immigration colony" of Australia with immigration levels higher than any other colony or state in the country. The place

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3808-719: Is the presence of bacteria in an indoor environment. Bacteria require water to grow and multiply and certain species can cause disease in humans, thus the intrusion of water into an indoor environment can place the health of occupants at risk from bacterial infections. Water removal and drying of wet building materials within 2 days will likely prevent mould and bacteria growth, therefore reducing occupants' vulnerability to disease. A Visual Guide to Damp, Mold and Indoor Pollution stated that: Excess moisture leads – on almost all indoor materials – to growth of microbes such as moulds, fungi and bacteria, which subsequently emit spores, cells, fragments and volatile organic compounds into

3927-477: Is transmitted into the building's interiors. Water vapor may enter the building through supply air ducts in building slabs and circulated by warm forced air. Water vapor can also enter a building through leaky return air ducts in homes with crawlspaces. Human occupancy adds a significant amount of humidity to the indoor environment. Personal activity as basic as breathing and perspiration add moisture to an indoor space. Cooking and showering raise humidity levels in

4046-447: The 1974 Brisbane flood . The last vessel to be built by Evans Deakin was an oil rig called Southern Cross . The company vacated the site in 1976, with it later being redeveloped for high-rise accommodation. Stone was quarried from the cliffs and used as building material. Until the 1930s, Evans Anderson & Phelan built steam locomotives at their Kangaroo Point works for Queensland Railways , however their works were not located near

4165-677: The 2021 census , Kangaroo Point had a population of 9,689 people. Kangaroo Point is a popular recreation spot, conveniently close to the city and the South Bank Parklands . The Kangaroo Point Cliffs , situated on the east bank of the city bend of the Brisbane River north of the Maritime Museum, opposite Riverstage and the Queensland University of Technology at Gardens Point . Kangaroo Point

4284-574: The Angel Moroni at the top of the spire of the temple is highly visible and illuminated at night. Kangaroo Point has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: Rising damp (structural) Dampness control is fundamental to the proper functioning of any building. Controlling moisture is important to protect occupants from adverse health effects and to protect the building, its mechanical systems and its contents from physical or chemical damage. Dampness tends to cause secondary damage to

4403-547: The Australian Army until 1984. The heritage-listed buildings are now used by an adventure company focussing on river activities and rock climbing. The opening of the Story Bridge ( 27°28′09″S 153°02′09″E  /  27.4693°S 153.0359°E  / -27.4693; 153.0359  ( Story Bridge (Kangaroo Point end) ) ) in July 1940 was a significant development in the suburb. Trolleybuses operated by

4522-476: The Brisbane City Council linked the suburb with Fortitude Valley via the Story Bridge from 1953 to 1969, running along Main Street from Woolloongabba and other eastern suburbs. At the time of the Story Bridge project, both the eastern and western riverfronts of Kangaroo Point were industrial areas and docks; these were gradually replaced by large residential developments and recreation space up to

4641-412: The Brisbane central business district , but being on the south side of the river is normally regarded as a southern suburb. Kangaroo Point is located on a peninsula formed of harder rhyolite rock which the Brisbane River flows around. On the northern tip of the peninsula the Story Bridge connects it to the central business district and the suburb of Fortitude Valley . The suburb of Woolloongabba

4760-533: The Holman Street ferry wharf ( 27°27′57″S 153°02′02″E  /  27.4658°S 153.034°E  / -27.4658; 153.034  ( Holman Street ferry wharf ) ), barbeques, picnic facilities, playground, and outdoor fitness facilities. Before British settlement , Kangaroo Point was settled by the Turrbal people. It is one of the earliest suburbs settled in Brisbane and subsequently,

4879-683: The Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992. In 2009, as part of the Q150 celebrations, the Yungaba Immigration Centre was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as a "state shaper". Yungaba is a two-storey brick institutional building designed as an immigrant depot in 1885 by John James Clark, the Queensland Colonial Architect . Following his dismissal shortly after,

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4998-466: The State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were computed from the "Queensland heritage register boundaries" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014). Kangaroo Point, Queensland Download coordinates as: Kangaroo Point

5117-482: The volcanic rock or rhyolite lava flows which form the cliffs. The lava was deposited in the Triassic Period about 230 million years ago and filled up an ancient river valley. They currently form the banks of the Brisbane River. The Story Bridge is a prominent landmark. It is able to be climbed with authorised tourist groups and provides the main means of access to the north of Brisbane. Directly under

5236-515: The 1970s respected this important axis. In 1988, Yungaba became the first building to entered on the Queensland Estate Register maintained under the Cultural Record (Landscapes Queensland and Queensland Estate) Act 1987. The entry was a result of community concern over the impact of the re-development of Kangaroo Point and the need to conserve significant elements of the community's heritage. The use of Yungaba for immigration

5355-567: The 1980s. On 20 July 1998, the LDS Church announced that its Brisbane temple would be built in Kangaroo Point. There were delays due to negotiations with the Brisbane City Council over concerns about the temple's height, floodlighting and parking arrangements. On 26 May 2001, Kenneth Johnson presided at the groundbreaking ceremony and site dedication. Construction of the temple began in November 2001 and took 18 months. A public open house

5474-661: The Church of England. It came under the control of the Board of Education in 1867 and consisted of a boys department and a girls department. A separate Girls and Infants school opened on 2 March 1874. This was replaced by the Kangaroo Point Girls School and the Kangaroo Point Infants School which both opened on 20 January 1890. The Kangaroo Point Boys School, Girls School and Infants School closed on 28 April 1950 and amalgamated to become

5593-769: The Kangaroo Point State School. The Kangaroo Point State School closed on 30 June 1965. The site was subsequently redeveloped as a TAFE college, on the corner of River Terrace and Main Street. In January 2010 this site was redeveloped into parkland extending the Kangaroo Point Cliffs Park ( 27°28′31″S 153°02′07″E  /  27.4753°S 153.0352°E  / -27.4753; 153.0352  ( Kangaroo Point Cliffs Park ) ). In September 1865, 42 allotments of portion 35 of Kangaroo Point were advertised to be auctioned for sale by Arthur Martin & Co. A map advertising

5712-763: The Parish of Kangaroo Point, on Walmsley Street between the Garden Point Ferry and Main Street were advertised to be auctioned for sale by Simon Fraser & Son. A map advertising the auction contained a local sketch by the surveyors, Hamilton & Raff. In 1911-1912, St John's College of the University of Queensland opened in three Queenslander houses on River Terrace ( 27°28′52″S 153°02′00″E  /  27.4811°S 153.0334°E  / -27.4811; 153.0334  ( St John's College, University of Queensland (1911-1956) ) ). At that time,

5831-877: The Salford Hundred Quarter Sessions on Monday, it was officially stated by the Assize Courts Committee that the foundations which had been completed had been covered with asphalte by Messrs. Hayes and Co., of Liverpool, who guarantee that it shall withstand the rising damp. The architect and social reformer, Thomas Worthington , described rising damp in his 1892 essay "The Dwellings of the Poor: And Weekly Wage-Earners in and Around Towns": It should be borne in mind that damp walls absorb much more heat than dry ones and that they are frequent agents in causing rheumatism, kidney disease and colds. Rising damp from

5950-625: The Story Bridge. The bicycle paths are heavily used by cyclists, roller skaters and pedestrians. Cross River and CityHopper ferry services operate from the Riverside wharf in the CBD to Holman Street ferry wharf near the peak of Kangaroo Point. CityCat services do not directly service Kangaroo Point. The M7 Clem Jones Tunnel , a toll tunnel, which opened in March 2010, has a connection on Shafston Avenue. It diverts some traffic travelling through

6069-443: The UK, well built modern houses include damp proofing in the form of a synthetic damp-proof course (DPC), about 15 cm (6") above ground level, to act as a barrier through which water cannot pass. Slate or "engineering bricks" with a low porosity were often used for the first few courses above ground level, and these can help minimise the problem. There are many approaches to the treatment of dampness in existing buildings. Key to

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6188-438: The Victorian era; many old buildings were rendered with this substance. Its adhesion was poor and it will often be found that it has become separated from the walling over considerable areas and can be stripped away in large sheets." Where a wall suffers from one or more of the primary causes of rain penetration listed above, the problem can be made worse by one of the following exacerbators of rain penetration: Modifications to

6307-415: The activities occurring in these indoor spaces. Moisture sources, such as hot tubs or indoor swimming pools, should be covered by airtight lids when not in use, thus humidity levels stay low in the indoor environment///-. Condensation comes from water vapour within the building. Common sources may include cooking, bathing, dishwashers, etc. The moisture in the air condenses on cold surfaces, sometimes inside

6426-430: The already noted need for isolation wards in which to treat sick immigrants. The same year a facility was constructed, but, due to an oversight in the plans, it had no facilities for the provision of gas or water or for the disposal of waste and storm water. Similar problems dogged the long-awaited "disinfecting plant" which was first vandalised and later inundated due to faulty drainage. When immigration levels were low,

6545-436: The area to the rear of the building. These structures are single storey and constructed of both brickwork and timber, with simple gable and hip roof forms. The roofs are clad with corrugated metal sheeting and some include timber louvred ridge ventilators. A more recent accommodation facility is located across the access road to the north of Yungaba. This building is two storeys and constructed of brick with concrete floors and

6664-401: The area. For many years the suburb was dominated by the factories of heavy engineering businesses, particularly those involved in the maritime industry, such as Evans Deakin , Buzzacott & Co and Evans, Anderson, Phelan & Co . Evans Deakin built the largest ship ever constructed on the Brisbane River, the 66,000 tonne oil tanker Robert Miller , which became adrift in the river during

6783-542: The auction contained a diagram of subdivisions 1 to 31 situated between Ipswich Road and the Brisbane River. St Joseph's Catholic Primary School was founded by Mary MacKillop and opened on 19 March 1870 in Hubert Street in One Mile Swamp (now Woolloongabba ) with 70 students. In January 1871, the school relocated to Leopold Street (not Leopard Street) at Kangaroo Point into an unlined timber building with

6902-820: The bridge is the Story Bridge Hotel, and Yungaba , one of Brisbane's most unusual and iconic landmarks. The Kangaroo Point Natural History Project was implemented by the council in 2013 to recognise the contribution by some of Queensland's pioneering scientists and researchers from the area. Along a heritage trail through the CT White and James Warner parks are a series of signs and sculptures to commemorate their lives and work: Cyril Tenison White (government botanist), Frederick Manson Bailey (colonial botanist), Silvester Diggles (naturalist), Oscar Werner Tiegs (entomologist and zoologist), James Warner (surveyor), and Harry Oakman (landscape artist). By bus,

7021-437: The building activity associated with this phase was removed at the end of the war. From the end of World War I and throughout the 1920s, immigration swelled. The Great Depression of the 1930s led to a rapid fall in numbers, exacerbated by the cancellation of the assisted passage schemes. In 1938, the assistance scheme was reinstated and numbers rapidly climbed, only to fall again with the commencement of World War II . During

7140-569: The building was used for a variety of purposes. In 1900, it served as temporary accommodation for the inmates of the Dunwich Asylum which had been appropriated as an isolation ward for plague victims. In 1904-1906 it was again appropriated as accommodation for South Sea Islanders being repatriated under the new Commonwealth laws. The arrival of an immigrant ship led to the re-location of the Islanders to rented accommodation nearby, as it

7259-424: The building were extended to shelter the walls from the rain. A matching verandah extension at the western end was not constructed until 1899 as the expense was considered too great when the source of the damp had not been proven. The later extension was made to regain the symmetry of the facade, rather than as a means of protecting the walls from the rain. Wharf facilities were provided at the river bank in 1887 with

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7378-399: The building, there was no wharf facility at which to disembark the immigrants and, once landed, there was no facility for isolating those suspected of suffering contagious disease. For a long time, it was argued that the damp problem was a result of rain beating on the sides of the building, rather than due to poor site drainage. In 1891 the verandahs on the eastern end of the northern side of

7497-409: The core of the building. The timber framed partitioning to these areas is clad with both hardboard and timber tongue-and-groove linings. These adaptive works are generally reversible, and much of the original fabric of the building remains intact. The garden structure to the building appears to post date WWII. On the riverside of Yungaba a ring road sweeps past the entry to the building and out toward

7616-454: The document. The Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018 requires private landlords in England and Wales to ensure that houses that they rent are "free from damp.," A wide range of instruments and techniques can be used to investigate the presence of moisture in building materials. When used correctly, they can provide a valuable aid to investigation. The competence and experience of

7735-497: The extent that this period is often referred to as the "condensation season". If it is suspected that the problem is condensation, then a room should be sealed off with a dehumidifier left running for the recommended time and then further instrument tests made. If the dampness has disappeared, then condensation is very likely the problem. Alternatively Humiditect cards or dataloggers (measuring air humidity, air temperature, and surface temperature) can be used as tools for diagnosing

7854-430: The financier and philanthropist Sir Henry Burdett explains the need for an effective damp-proof course in order to protect against rising damp: Having thus taken care that the air and moisture shall have no chance of rising into the house from the ground beneath the floor, we must now turn our attention to the walls, which is equally necessary to protect from rising damp. If you plant a brick or stone wall on ground which

7973-518: The ground may be prevented by most simple means. Six inches of good Portland cement concrete should cover the whole site of the dwelling, and concrete never less than nine inches thick should underlie all walls. A damp course should disconnect the whole of the foundations from the superstructure. This preventative may consist of a double layer of thick slates bedded in cement, or of patent perforated stone-ware blocks or of three-quarters of an inch of best asphalt. In his publication "Helps to Health" (1885),

8092-503: The height of rise is typically much lower and is rarely above 1.5 metres (5'). Rising damp has been a widely observed phenomenon for at least two hundred years. There is also strong evidence to suggest that it was a problem understood by the Romans and Ancient Greeks. In common with most other forms of dampness, rising damp is often misdiagnosed in buildings. Many misdiagnose a wall stain as an instance of rising damp, due to misinterpreting

8211-402: The hostel and the river, remaining in place until some time after the works were completed. The bridge is carried on tall stone pylons across the site to the rear of the principal building. The danger from falling debris and intentionally thrown objects has resulted in the need to identify an easement across the property on which no buildings can be constructed. With the commencement of WWII

8330-416: The hostel was used to accommodated a hundred women and children evacuated from Hong Kong in 1940. In 1941, the depot was once again converted into a hospital, treating general patients. In 1942, it was devoted to "special" cases - those soldiers suffering the effects of venereal diseases . The buildings along the river frontage continued to be occupied by Evans Deakin; however, most of the other structures on

8449-809: The indoor air. Moreover, dampness initiates chemical and/or biological degradation of materials, which also causes pollution of the indoor air. Exposure to microbial contaminants is clinically associated with respiratory symptoms, allergies, asthma and immunological reactions. Dampness has therefore been suggested to be a strong and consistent indicator of risk for asthma and respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheeze. Section 5.2 of The Building Regulations 2010 Approved Document C, "Site preparation and resistance to contaminants and moisture" requires that buildings should be constructed to resist rising damp, penetrating damp, and condensation. Walls should: Similar requirements are also made in reference to floors in Section 4 of

8568-515: The indoor environment, which directly affects the structural dampness of a home. Aspects of the home can also increase the humidity of a space. Items such as aquariums, indoor swimming pools, hot tubs, and even indoor plants add to the humidity of an indoor space. All of these attributes can increase the humidity of a home beyond its recommended thirty to fifty percent. Humidity levels in an indoor environment need to be accounted for based upon season and temperature. If humidity levels do not agree with

8687-423: The indoor environment. Wet materials, such as lumber stored unprotected outdoors before construction, can lead to increased humidity indoors for up to the second year of occupancy in the building. Most commonly in residences, elevated relative humidity is produced by poor drainage systems. This leads to dampness in substructures such as crawlspaces and basements. The dampness results in vaporization where water vapor

8806-468: The indoor environment. In most cases where moisture is not addressed quickly enough, mold and mildew develop. Another issue is that wind washing up into the crevice where the roof and wall intersect reduces the efficiency of the insulation. This results in condensation and risk for mold growth. In the United Kingdom, condensation problems are particularly common between October and March – to

8925-452: The insertion of physical and chemical DPCs. Then, any affected plaster or mortar must be removed, and the wall treated, before replacing the plaster and repainting. Humidity occurs in indoor environments due to building related causes. Porous walls, rising damp, and leaks in the building are determinants for structural dampness due to elevated humidity levels. The construction of the building can also lead to humidity and unwanted moisture in

9044-470: The intervention of which between two courses of brickwork bars will prevent the further upward progress of the damp (see figure 1). Henry Burdett was deeply concerned with the quality building in Victorian England, and he cautioned would-be house buyers to check houses for the presence of a damp-proof course and to ensure that it is of an effective type. As to the damp-proof course, however, it

9163-434: The kitchen was enlarged and refurbished and the exterior brickwork was limewashed . In the period since, the building has been subjected to various minor intrusions and alterations, with the removal of the verandahs and their reconstruction in 1990 being a major impact on the original fabric. Poor management and an inadequate maintenance program have contributed to loss of fabric, and the various internal subdivisions have had

9282-430: The next most popular languages were 1.9% Mandarin, 1.8% Spanish, 0.9% Cantonese, 0.9% Nepali, 0.9% Italian. It has one of the city's highest proportion of residents living in flats, units or apartments (78.8%). Residents in stand-alone houses make up only 16.6% of the population. 59.9% of residents are renters while 18.7% fully own their dwelling In the 2016 census , Kangaroo Point had a population of 8,063 people. In

9401-421: The north and south of the core. The building is a two-storey load-bearing brick structure with timber-framed floors and roof. The roof form consists of intersecting gable roof forms, punctuated by the pyramidal roofs of the two three-storey towers. The roof is clad with corrugated metal sheeting and includes a series of ornate metal ridge ventilators. Verandahs extend along the eastern and western elevations of

9520-405: The north and south wings of the building the once open plan interior spaces have been adapted to accommodate offices and function areas associated with a catering company and a collection of community groups. At ground level, these spaces have been divided into cellular rooms serviced by a central hall, while the upper level remains substantially open with office partitioning being concentrated toward

9639-480: The organisation of the Native Police and the resolution of the shearers' strikes in 1891 and 1894 . Following the floods of 1887, Parry-Okeden and his wife refurbished "The Willows" which continued as their residence during his four years as immigration agent. From the outset, Parry Okeden saw that a number of critical issues needed to be addressed before the depot could operate efficiently. Problems dogged

9758-410: The outer envelope of a building and appear inside. Common defects include: Rain penetration is most often associated with single-skin walls, but can also occur through cavity walls - e.g. by tracking across wall ties. Single-skin brick walls of standard thickness (9 inches) have been considered to provide inadequate resistance to rain penetration for many years, which is why cavity wall construction

9877-417: The period of inactivity in the 1930s, the building was used to house the team working on the construction of the Story Bridge . Accommodation for the superintendent of works, John Bradfield , was provided in the eastern room on the ground floor of the north wing. The entire upper floor of the north wing was devoted to offices and drafting rooms for the works in progress. Four dormer windows were inserted into

9996-536: The person undertaking the damp investigations is often of greater importance than the kit he or she carries. Experience and qualified surveyors are the difference between a correct and incorrect diagnosis of damp. For example, it is sometimes found that condensation is misdiagnosed as another form of dampness resulting in the wrong form of treatment being specified. Chartered building surveyors are usually experienced in identifying dampness issues; however, their reports often suggest that dampness problems are investigated by

10115-495: The place. The relatively unchanged quality of the original fabric provides information regarding the status and priority given to immigration during the period in which it was built. Yungaba provides an example of the form of accommodation provided for newly arrived immigrants to Australia in the late nineteenth century. Its original layout, with gender- separated dormitory accommodation for singles, single-room accommodations for families and shared toilet facilities provides comment on

10234-400: The plan was developed by Edward Henry Alder and Robert Henry Mills . Constructed by William Peter Clark, the building is described as being of Italianate/Queensland/Institutional style. Following the subdivision of Kangaroo Point in 1843–44, lots 21 and 22 were purchased by Judah and Isaac Solomon and Thomas Adams. Some time later, John "Tinker" Campbell, a neighbouring land-owner, purchased

10353-572: The potential austerity of its symmetrical plan. The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. Yungaba has a special association with a wide variety of communities and cultural groups for social and cultural reasons. It has been used to accommodate generations of immigrants, to welcome soldiers and their dependents on their return from three major conflicts, it has housed South Sea Islanders awaiting repatriation to their home islands under Commonwealth legislation, and it

10472-462: The project throughout its early years. From the start, difficulties were experienced due to poor drainage resulting from the re-direction of the natural drainage into a stormwater drain. Subsequent drainage works had varying degrees of success, but the building soon showed signs of rising damp which was exacerbated by the poor quality bricks used during construction. Gas and water connections were either very basic or completely absent from vital parts of

10591-643: The rate and amount of water vapor diffusion through ceilings, walls, and floors caused by humidity. It is made of thin, flexible materials and its coatings can be installed by trowels or brushes. Utilizing vapor retarders in a building prevents structural dampness from occurring or continuing if it already exists. A strategy for reducing humidity levels in an indoor environment is by altering occupant activity and indoor mechanics. Kitchens and bathrooms need to have their own vents. Additionally, washing machines need to be vented outdoors. Both of these are important in order to decrease indoor moisture due to humidity caused by

10710-401: The rear of the site and reveals a collection of ancillary buildings associated with different uses the site has had through its history. Yungaba is constructed as a symmetrical cruciform plan dominated by a substantial central entrance loggia which is flanked by two three-storey towers. These elements define the entry core of the building and the commencement of the two wings which extend to

10829-430: The river edge, returning to the point of entry at the northern end of the building. A collection of mature and more recent plantings line the ring road, with the central area being predominately grass. A more recent function room constructed of brick with a flat metal deck roof is located in the south-east corner of the site, fronting the river. A bitumen car park set among a collection of ancillary buildings covers much of

10948-417: The river from the cliffs is the Queensland University of Technology (Gardens Point campus) and in an adjacent suburb, the main campus for TAFE Queensland Brisbane (South Bank). St Mary's Anglican Church is at 455 Main Street ( 27°28′30″S 153°02′07″E  /  27.4749°S 153.0353°E  / -27.4749; 153.0353  ( St Mary's Anglican Church ) ). St Joseph's Catholic Church

11067-465: The river. Yungaba is located at Main Street, Kangaroo Point, Brisbane. Sited on the banks of the Brisbane River , adjacent to the Storey Bridge, the property holds a prominent position on Petrie Bight / Shafston Reach . The principal approach to the site is directed towards the river frontage, however the common access to the site is from Main Street. This point of landward entry passes through

11186-460: The roof and wall. Leaks most commonly occur on flat-roofed buildings. Certain building materials and mechanisms can be used to prevent condensation from occurring in these areas, therefore reducing structural dampness and potential mold infestation. In many cases, the insulation between the roof and wall is compressed, leading to a decrease in thermal resistance. Due to the lack of thermal resistance, condensation occurs, which leads to water damage in

11305-408: The roof of the North wing dormitory to provide additional light for the draftsmen. The team for the concurrent Stanley River Dam project were relegated to a large room on the lower floor The bridge construction was undertaken by Evans Deakin , who converted the immigration depot's grounds into an industrial site with workshops and storehouses. A row of three open sheds cut off the connection between

11424-407: The selection of an appropriate treatment is a correct diagnosis of the types of dampness affecting a building. Details of possible treatments for specific types of dampness are covered in the sections below. The cause of the dampness must first be eliminated, by providing better drainage or fixing leaking pipes. Several methods of treating rising damp are possible, including the use of land-drains and

11543-531: The site were used for the treatment of patients. Most of these buildings are now demolished. The post-war immigration boom led to a renewed life for the building, which was now named Yungaba State Immigration Office and Reception Centre. The name "Yungaba" derives from the Gubbi Gubbi Aboriginal language from the Maroochy area and means "place of sunshine". The volume of post-war immigration

11662-697: The suburb is serviced by the South East Busway transit line and buses along Main Street and Shafstons Avenue. By road, Kangaroo Point residents rely on the Story Bridge and Captain Cook Bridge for access to the north, and the Southeast Freeway for access to the south. Main Street connects the Story Bridge through the suburb to the South East Freeway. Bicycle paths run along the Brisbane River from South Bank to and over

11781-499: The suburb while providing an additional transport route for residents. The Kangaroo Point Green Bridge was proposed in 2010 to connect Kangaroo Point to the Brisbane central business district. Construction of the bridge began in 2021. The Cross River Rail tunnel is planned to connect under the Kangaroo Point Cliffs from Woolloongabba railway station to Albert Street railway station . St Joseph's Primary School

11900-488: The surface of the ground also becomes elevated, and this damp course is soon lost to sight. Attempts have been made to remedy this evil of porous bricks by the substitution of the hard blue bricks of Staffordshire; and then it may often be noticed that the wet has only struck, sailor-like, across the mortar-joints and chequered the inside walls like a tartan plaid. In July 1860 it was reported in The Engineer that At

12019-408: The time of the year and the temperature during seasons, mold infestation and deterioration of the building will occur due to moisture. An acceptable humidity level in indoor spaces ranges from twenty to sixty per cent year round. However, levels less than twenty per cent in the winter and levels higher than sixty per cent in the summer are deemed unacceptable for indoor air quality. Structural dampness

12138-403: The time. Married quarters were in the form of separate cubicles on the ground level, and single quarters (segregated by gender, and in dormitory form) on the upper level. Symmetrical pairs of laundry and privy facilities were ranged to the rear of the building. The first residents were passengers on the migrant ship Duke of Buccleuch who landed on 6 December 1887. The first administrator

12257-457: The two latter like mortar joints about three or four times the usual thickness. A favourite material with speculating buiders is tarred or asphalted felt, the presence of which can generally be detected by portions of it projecting from the wall. Its efficacy is, for all practical purposes, useless, and on no account should a Local Authority sanction its use. As an example of poor workmanship leading to an ineffective damp proof course, Burdett cites

12376-420: The underlying masonry. In his 1954 book The Restoration of Old Houses , Hugh Braun highlighted problems inherent in certain types of render that were widely used in the late eighteenth century and throughout the Victorian era: "By the end of the eighteenth century a number of patent water-repellent cements were appearing on the market, the most popular of which, roman cement, continued in universal use throughout

12495-441: The understanding of privacy, morality and human behaviour current at the time. The place is important because of its aesthetic significance. Yungaba is important in exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics valued by the community or a particular group as it is a distinguished building located on the banks of the Brisbane River with clear views between the site and the river. Its elegant, yet restrained ornamentation softens

12614-416: The university was located at Gardens Point just across the Brisbane River. In 1956, the college relocated to the university's St Lucia campus . In September 1928, 19 subdivisions adjacent to the Brisbane River and titled "Town Reach River Sites" were advertised to be auctioned for sale by Isles, Love & Co Limited. A map advertising the auction includes an aerial photograph and a panoramic photograph of

12733-420: The visual evidence of the wall and the readings of moisture meters. In simple terms rising damp occurs when ground water travels upwards through porous building materials such as brick, sandstone, or mortar, much in the same way that oil travels upwards through the wick of a lamp. The effect can easily be seen by simply placing a piece of porous brick, stone, or mortar in a shallow tray of water and observing how

12852-441: The walls called interstitial condensation . Buildings with poorly insulated walls are very prone to this problem. It often causes damage similar to damp in a building and often appears in similar places. This is because it occurs in the "dead air" pockets that accumulate in both horizontal and vertical corners (i.e. out of circulating air patterns). Moisture condenses on the interiors of buildings due to specific interactions between

12971-449: The water is absorbed into the porous material and is transported above the water line. Rising damp can be identified by a characteristic "tide mark" on the lower section of affected walls. This tide mark is caused by soluble salts (particularly nitrates and chlorides) contained in the groundwater. Due to evaporation, these salts accumulate at the "peak" of the rising damp. Due to rising damp often being caused by moisture from wet ground, it

13090-540: The wings of the building. The verandahs have timber posts and handrails with decorative cast iron balustrade infill panels. The end sections of the verandahs are also enclosed with lattice screening. Beyond the line of the verandah, windows are sheltered under sunhoods constructed from cast iron wall brackets and timber hood framing, clad with metal sheeting. Internally, the central core retains its original configuration, with rooms being used as personnel offices and meeting rooms associated with Public Works . In both

13209-427: The years and in the period immediately preceding the construction of the Kangaroo Point depot, immigration had been at an all-time high. William Peter Clark, the successful tenderer for the work, ran into a series of difficulties with the construction which resulted in almost a year's delay in the completion. The interior layout was designed by William Hodgen and arranged in a manner typical of institutional buildings of

13328-475: Was William Edward Parry-Okeden . Parry-Okeden was already a highly competent and practical man with a reputation for fair-dealing and vigorous commitment to his occupation. He and his family moved to Brisbane from Blackall to take up his appointment at the Immigration Depot. Later in life, he was to be appointed Under Colonial Secretary and to play an active role in both the management of Aborigines,

13447-480: Was 7,000 people, in an area of 1.3 square kilometres. The population was 48.3% females and 51.7% males. The median age of the Kangaroo Point population was 35 years of age, 2 years below the Australian median. 53.1% of people living in Kangaroo Point were born in Australia, compared to the national average of 69.8%; the next most common countries of birth were New Zealand 5.2%, England 4.4%, India 1.6%, Ireland 1.6%, Taiwan 1.2%. 69.6% of people spoke only English at home;

13566-546: Was cleared and used for cultivation of crops. Subsequently, the area was opened up for free settlement, the first land sales taking place on 13 December 1843. Among the early purchasers was Captain John Clements Wickham , the Police Magistrate and later Government Resident . Surveyor James Warner built the first house at Kangaroo Point in 1844. Kangaroo Point's first school was opened in 1861 by

13685-493: Was considered inappropriate to expect the "two races" to co-habit. The outbreak of World War I led to another change in use, the building being requisitioned for use as a military hospital. Few alterations to the fabric occurred as a consequence, although two single-storey wards were constructed to the southeast of the building. At the end of the war, the building provided an ideal reception area for returning servicemen who, with their wives, were feted at public receptions. Most of

13804-403: Was held from 10 May through 7 June 2003 allowing local residents to view the temple prior to its dedication (after which it was open only to church members). The temple was dedicated on 15 June 2003 by LDS Church president Gordon B. Hinckley . The 10,700-square-foot (990 m ) temple features two ordinance rooms and two sealing rooms. In the 2011 census , the population of Kangaroo Point

13923-490: Was phased out from 1993 and had ceased by 1995. In 2008, the Queensland Government sold Yungaba to developers. The developers, Australand, have restored the fabric of the building and then converted it into ten apartments, constructed another 140 apartments in three adjacent apartment buildings, and built a multicultural centre and 224-seat auditorium. The new developments do not block the views from Yungaba to

14042-440: Was revealed that he had sold his Kangaroo Point property to the government for £14,000 in 1884. The government had been aware for some time that the immigration facilities at William Street were inadequate for their needs. The decision to acquire the land at Kangaroo Point was justified by the need to provide "pleasant surroundings" for those who were recently arrived in the colony. The pattern of immigration fluctuated wildly over

14161-452: Was such that the hostel was unable to cope with more than a small proportion of new arrivals, and the bulk were re-directed to the many empty military camps around the city. Of these, Camp Columbia at Wacol was perhaps the best known. This period saw what were probably the most extensive alterations to the building that have occurred to date. Cubicles were provided in the downstairs dormitories, toilet facilities were re-modelled or re-built,

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