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26-461: As a dedicated amphibious combat vehicle , the Type 05 is aiming to provide unique amphibious capability that emphasizes speedy landing operations . China is the only country to produce such unique high-speed amphibious fighting vehicles. Type 05 family is developed in early 2000s by Chinese state-owned defense company Norinco , led by chief designer Chen Pengfei ( Chinese : 陈鹏飞 ). Two variants of

52-805: A land assault vehicle or simply a combat vehicle or an assault vehicle , is a land-based military vehicle intended to be used for combat operations. They differ from non-combat military vehicles such as trucks in that they are designed for use in active combat zones, to be used in mechanized warfare and mobile infantry roles. The classification of "combat vehicle" is a very broad category, and may include armored cars , armored personnel carriers , infantry fighting vehicles , infantry mobility vehicles , MRAPs , and tanks . Improvised fighting vehicles such as technicals can also count as combat vehicles. Most modern combat vehicles have vehicle armor , offensive or defensive weaponry , and sufficient space to carry passengers , equipment , or materiel ; if

78-413: A comparable halon unit. Germany uses this system as a replacement for its halon system. Some systems, such as Germany's previous extinguisher, have a second shot of suppressant to mitigate re-ignition or the effects of a second hit. Though not as instantaneous, portable crew-operable extinguishers are also used inside and outside the vehicle. Typically, portable extinguishers use a CO 2 agent instead of

104-479: A crew of four, including a loader. The type of APFSDS round fitted on ZTD-05 is the DTC02-105 armor piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot based on BTA-2 105mm APFSDS, capable of penetrating 600mm RHA at 2,000 meters. The rifled gun is also capable of launching laser guided beam-riding missile. The gun is loaded manually with a fire rate of 6 to 8 rounds per minute with 36 rounds ammo reserve. ZTD-05's turret shares

130-510: A dedicated passenger bay, able to carry up to a dozen or more passengers. Hygiene upkeep is difficult when operating a combat vehicle. Tracked combat vehicles are suited for heavy combat and rough terrain. Wheeled combat vehicles offer improved logistical mobility and optimized speeds on smooth terrain. Silent watch is becoming an increasingly important combat vehicle application. It is a role that requires that all mission requirements be met while keeping acoustic and infrared signature levels to

156-742: A distance. They may consist of weapons such as machine guns , automatic grenade launchers , or simply the presence of firing ports or armored turrets for the crew or infantry to fire their own issued weaponry from. Some combat vehicles may also carry anti-armor or anti-vehicle weaponry such as autocannons or anti-tank guided missiles . High-caliber or dedicated combat vehicles such as tanks or self-propelled weaponry may carry tank guns , multiple rocket launchers , artillery , or anti-aircraft weapons . Most combat vehicles are not optimized for destroying non-traditional targets such as car bombs , though many may be designed to be resistant to explosives. Laser warning receiver A laser warning receiver

182-446: A maximum road speed of 65 km/h and 30 km/h in the water. It has a maximum cruising range of 500 km and can negotiate a gradient of 60 % and side slope of 30%. It can cross a vertical obstacle of 0.7 m and trench of 2m. The Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV) variant, ZBD-05, is built to support infantry and amphibious operations. The 3-man crew consists of the driver positioned front-left of the turret, with commander and gunner occupying

208-459: A minimum. For this reason, silent watch often requires the vehicle to operate without use of the main engine and sometimes even auxiliary engines. Many modern combat vehicles often have electronic equipment that cannot be supported solely with auxiliary batteries alone. Auxiliary fuel cells are a potential solution for covert operations. Force trackers are not as prevalent as in air forces, but are still essential components of combat vehicles. In

234-412: A semiconductor photodetector array, which is typically cryogenically or thermal-electric cooled. Sometimes avalanche photodiodes (APD), photoconductivity, photoelectromagnetic, or photodiffusion devices are used even without cooling. Some devices detect only the main beam of foreign lasers while others detect even scattered rays. Some models used by US are listed: This military -related article

260-719: A similar layout to the ZTL-11 assault vehicle. Secondary weapons for both variants include a Type 86 7.62mm coaxial mounted machine gun. ZTD-15 features a QJC-88 12.7mm anti-aircraft machine gun mounted on the roof of the turret near the loader. Accuracy and precision are attained by a computerized fire-control system (FCS) on both ZBD-05 and ZTD-05. The fire control system includes a fire-control ballistic computer, laser rangefinder, two-plane stabilization, and daylight/infrared gunner sight with passive night vision channel. Commander has access to day/night independent thermal sight with hunter-killer (commander override) capability. Type 05

286-492: A weaponized vehicle in a combat environment are great. Use of titanium armor on combat vehicles is increasing. The use of titanium can lighten the vehicle's weight. Appliqué armor can be quickly applied to vehicles and has been utilized on a number of combat vehicles, such as the M8 armored gun system . Contemporary combat vehicles may incorporate a fire-suppression system to mitigate damage from fire. Systems can be employed in

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312-581: Is a warning system used as a passive military defence. It detects, analyzes, and locates directions of laser emissions from laser guidance systems and laser rangefinders . Then it alerts the crew and can start various countermeasures, like smoke screen , aerosol screen (e.g. Shtora ), active laser self-defence weapon with laser dazzler (LSDW, used on the Chinese Type 99 main battle tank ), laser jammer, etc. Detectors used in LWR are usually based on

338-485: Is fitted with battle management system, command and control system, digital map interface. All the necessary information is displayed on screens to the driver, commander, and gunner. ZTD-05 is equipped with laser designator for beam-riding SACLOS applications, and loader position is also fitted with an independent periscope. The vehicle has satellite navigation, fire suppression system, NBC protection system, day/night thermal vision, ensuring high degree of survivability for

364-528: The Bronze and Iron ages. However, weaponry was not installed on the vehicle, relying on the soldier's carried weapon for armament, and armor was effectively limited to a shield and the thin structure of the chariot, if those were even available or sufficient. With the invention of the automobile , combat vehicles took varying forms, ranging from the lightly armored passenger cars of the World War I era to

390-415: The crew. The hull is constructed with aluminum alloy chassis with additional steel glacis plates. Aluminum alloy reduces weight and provides protection against small arms rounds and shell splatter, while the steel plates can stop 12.7mm rounds. The turret is constructed of all-welded steel armor with composite plates, which gives all-around protection against 12.7mm rounds and shell splinters. The front face of

416-564: The engine and crew compartments and portable systems may be mounted inside and outside the vehicle as well. Automatic fire suppression systems activate instantaneously upon the detection of fire and have been shown to significantly improve crew survivability. Halon fire suppression systems quickly inundate an affected fire breach with a flood of halon to extinguish leaking fuel. Halon remains necessary for crew compartment fire suppression due to space and weight constraints, and toxicity concerns. Nitrogen systems take up about twice as much space as

442-435: The first two both apply, the vehicle may be considered an armored fighting vehicle . For much of history, most soldiers not fighting on foot (e.g. cavalry ) used military animals such as horses or elephants , as land vehicles for the most part did not exist. One of the earliest forms of "combat vehicles" was the chariot . In ancient warfare , chariots were used as "battle taxis" and mobile archery platforms during

468-453: The halon agents used in the past. CO 2 can become lethal to vehicle occupants if it accumulates into a deadly concentration. The U.S. Army has adopted a replacement formula consisting of 50% water , 50% potassium acetate . Alternatives such as powder formulas also exist. Combat vehicles require at least one crew member, though typically at least two (one driver and one gunner). Some vehicles, such as armored personnel carriers, also contain

494-579: The mid-1990s, U.S. weapon developers envisioned a sophisticated communication network where positions of enemy and friendly forces could be relayed to command vehicles and other friendly vehicles. Friendly vehicles could transmit enemy positions to friendly combat vehicles in combat range for efficient annihilation of the enemy. Logistics support could also monitor front-line combat vehicle fuel and ammunition statuses and move in to resupply depleted vehicles. Weapons mounted on combat vehicles are primarily designed for engaging infantry or other combat vehicles at

520-535: The only country to produce vehicle with such unique concept. The ZTD-05 assault vehicle variant replaces the obsolete Type 63A amphibious tank introduced in the late 1990s. Research and development effort is reflected on the capable design. The vehicle implicates China is determined to secure advanced amphibious assault capabilities. The Type 05 features a flat hull, extendable bow, with six retractable road wheels on each side and front/rear rollers. The vehicle's design results in significantly reduced drag. The angle of

546-473: The required crew size with improvements in robotics . Enhancements to automation can help achieve operational effectiveness with a smaller, more economical, combat vehicle force. The automation of combat vehicles has proved to be difficult due to the time latency between the operator controlling the vehicle and the signal being received. Unlike air forces, ground forces must navigate the terrain and plan around obstacles. The rapid tactical implications of operating

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572-432: The trim vane mounted on the bow changes adaptively according to the current displacement speedometer so that fluid resistance can always be kept at the lowest, optimal level. The ZBD-05 is fully amphibious, which propelled by two large water jets mounted to the rear side of the hull. In the water, the engine is able to generate 1475 horsepower as well as switching to land mode with only 550 horsepower. The vehicle can run at

598-583: The turret is claimed to stop 25mm AP round at 1,000 metres (3,300 ft). The upper part of the suspension is protected by armor plates. Both ZBD-05 and ZTD-05 are fitted with laser warning receivers , which are connected to 2 sets of 4-barrel smoke grenade launchers. The storage area around the aft section double as slat armor . Type 05 amphibious fighting vehicles are deployed by People's Liberation Army Ground Force amphibious assault brigades and People's Liberation Army Navy Marine Corps . Combat vehicle A ground combat vehicle , also known as

624-400: The turret. The vehicle features ZPT-99 30mm cannon turret with a HJ-73 C ATGM rail launcher, capable of penetrating more than 800mm RHA after ERA. The vehicle can carry 7 to 8 (one squad) armed infantry in its passenger compartment at the rear. The Assault Vehicle (light tank) variant, ZTD-05, is armed with a fully stabilized ZPL-98A 105mm rifled gun. The ZTD-05 assault vehicle variant has

650-487: The vehicle family was developed first, the infantry fighting variant ZBD-05, and assault gun/light tank variant ZTD-05. ZBD-05 vehicles were showcased in military parade of 2009 and 2015. The Type 05 amphibious infantry fighting vehicle uses a planing hull propelled by two water jets, which is a considerable improvement over similar type of vehicle like AAV7A1 amphibious assault vehicle (AAV). United States’s cancellation of Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV) leaves China

676-475: The widely fielded Willys MB of World War II , along with a wide variety of other combat vehicles such as half-tracks and multiple classifications of tanks . Development of combat vehicles continued into the Cold War as military tactics and technology evolved, diversifying the role of vehicles in war and making them an essential aspect of modern warfare . The automation of human tasks endeavors to reduce

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