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53-483: Facing the mosque across the square is a medrese that formed part of its complex. In the past this served as a Museum of Calligraphy. After long years of closure, this was under restoration in 2022. On one side of the square is the main entrance to Istanbul University , its buildings designed by the French architect Marie-Auguste Antoine Bourgeois. It is accessible via a grand Neo-Renaissance arch. The Beyazıt Tower , once

106-468: A center for promoting Turkish-American interchange. Sancar and his research team have discovered that two genes, Period and Cryptochrome , keep the circadian clocks of all human cells in proper rhythm, syncing them to the 24 hours of the day and seasons. Their findings were published in the Genes and Development journal on September 16, 2014. Sancar's research has provided a complete understanding of

159-526: A day after the conquest of Constantinople by the Turks , it was reformed as the first Ottoman higher education institution influenced by European approaches . The successor institution, which has been operating under its current name since 1933, is the first university in modern Turkey . Istanbul University is consistently ranked first in Turkey and among the top 500 universities in the world according to

212-525: A fire-warning tower, in the grounds of the university is visible from the square. Between the entrance to the university and the mosque is the Beyazit State Library , founded in 1884 and completely renovated and modernised in 2006 by the Tabanlıoğlu firm of architects. During the course of the renovation the remains of a Byzantine church were found below the site. Before its conversion into

265-507: A lecturer at the University of North Carolina, the only university that he got a positive response from out of the 50 he applied to. He has stated that his accent of English was detrimental to his career as a lecturer. At Chapel Hill, Sancar discovered the following steps of nucleotide excision repair in bacteria and worked on the more complex version of this repair mechanism in humans. His longest-running study has involved photolyase and

318-507: A library the building had been used as a soup kitchen and caravanserai . The square has been the site of political protests, including some in 1969 known as Bloody Sunday , and a terrorist attack in 1978 ( Beyazıt Massacre ). In 1915 twenty Armenian activists were hanged in the square ( The 20 Hunchakian gallows ). Beyazit Square is accessible via the T1 tram line as is the adjacent Covered Bazaar (Kapalı Çarşı). Beyazıt Square and it environs

371-612: A lower-middle-class family in the Savur district of Mardin Province , southeastern Turkey. His oldest brother Kenan Sancar is a retired brigadier general in the Turkish Armed Forces . He is the second cousin of the politician Mithat Sancar , who is a member of parliament from and chairman of HDP . He was the seventh of eight children. His parents were uneducated; however, they put great emphasis on his education. He

424-533: A scholarship from TÜBİTAK to pursue further education in biochemistry at Johns Hopkins University , but returned to Savur in 1973 as a doctor after spending 1.5 years there due to having social difficulties and inability to adapt to the American way of life. He only spoke French when he arrived in the US, but learned English during his education at Johns Hopkins. Soon after, he wrote to Rupert, who had been involved in

477-448: Is "a Turk or half- Arab " by the BBC , Aziz Sancar responded: "I told them that I neither speak Arabic nor Kurdish and that I was a Turk," he said. "I'm a Turk, that's it." Aziz Sancar's brother Tahir informed in an interview that their family descended from Oghuz Turks who once migrated from Central Asia . He also said that his brother's Nobel Prize was an honor for all of Turkey, including

530-568: Is a Turkish molecular biologist specializing in DNA repair , cell cycle checkpoints, and circadian clock . In 2015, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Tomas Lindahl and Paul L. Modrich for their mechanistic studies of DNA repair. He has made contributions on photolyase and nucleotide excision repair in bacteria that have changed his field. Sancar is currently

583-559: Is a practising Muslim . In an interview, he stated: "I am proud to be Muslim, but I can not state this fact in many regions of the United States due to ongoing issues." In the immediate aftermath of being awarded the Nobel Prize, his ethnicity was questioned in social media. Sancar said he was "disturbed by some of the questions he received," particularly by questions about his ethnic background. When asked as to whether he

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636-475: Is also an official member of the CMS Experiment at CERN , a collaboration that focuses on high-energy physics research and the study of fundamental particles. See also Academic staff of Istanbul University for a detailed list. See also Istanbul University alumni for a detailed list. Aziz Sancar Aziz Sancar ( Turkish: [aˈziz ˈsandʒaɾ] ; born 8   September 1946)

689-420: Is married to Gwen Boles Sancar, who graduated the same year and who is also a professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Together, they founded Carolina Türk Evi, a permanent Turkish Center in close proximity to the campus of UNC-CH, which provides graduate housing for four Turkish researchers at UNC-CH, short term guest services for Turkish visiting scholars, and

742-777: Is renewed with the Urban Design Project prepared by Ali Kural and Deniz Çalış Kural . Approved on June 23, 2021, in the joint session of the Cultural Heritage Renewal Board No.1 and the Conservation Board No.4, implementation started in July 2021, Beyazıt Square was opened to public on October 6, 2022, by Mr. Ekrem İmamoğlu, the Mayor of Istanbul. The group of plazas that constitute Beyazıt Square were enhanced in definition and

795-551: Is the only AACSB -accredited business school among the public universities in Turkey. Istanbul University Law School conducts a joint bachelor of laws (LL.B.) program in partnership with the University of Hamburg . This program enables students to study in both Turkey and Germany, covering multiple legal systems with coursework focused on both domestic and international law. Istanbul University has established various collaboration and exchange agreements with universities around

848-729: The Abdülhamid II Collection, which contain 36,585 photographs. Additionally, the library holds the collections of prominent figures in Turkish politics and intellectual history, such as Zakirbaşı Hüseyin Halis Efendi, Hasan Rıza Pasha , Grand Vizier İbrahim Hakkı Pasha , Sheikh-ul-Islam Pirizade Mehmet Sahip Molla, and İbnülemin Mahmut Kemal İnal. In 1925, the collection of the Yıldız Palace Library

901-995: The Eastern Roman emperor Theodosius II as the Pandidacterium , later became known as the Phanar Greek Orthodox College after the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. In the early stages, Istanbul University also functioned as a medrese, an Islamic theological school. This madrasa is regarded as the precursor to the Darülfünûn , a technical institute or university ( lit. House of Natural Sciences), which evolved into Istanbul University in 1933. Education in various sciences and fields, including medicine , mathematics , astronomy , cartography , geography , history , philosophy , religion , literature , philology , and law , became available and, until

954-596: The European Commission and Horizon Europe , which provide funding for cutting-edge research across various fields. These partnerships enable Istanbul University to contribute to and benefit from large-scale research projects that foster scientific progress and innovation. Additionally, the university collaborates with NATO in research initiatives related to security, technology, and scientific advancement, benefiting from access to valuable resources and expertise in areas of mutual interest. Istanbul University

1007-700: The Roman period. Some Roman and Byzantine ruins are still visible on the grounds. The building stands on the site of the Old Palace , the first palace built by the Ottoman Turks in Istanbul. Completed in 1458, the original wooden structure of the Old Palace included the harem quarters and various pavilions. Mehmed II resided there before moving to the newly constructed Topkapı Palace . Even after

1060-650: The Sarah Graham Kenan Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine and a member of the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center . He is the co-founder of the Aziz & Gwen Sancar Foundation, which is a non-profit organization to promote Turkish culture and to support Turkish students in the United States. Aziz Sancar was born on 8 September 1946 to

1113-496: The faculties of law, medicine, arts and sciences were established in İstanbul Darülfünûnu , as the university was now called. Islamic theology was added in 1925, but in 1933 the university was reorganized without the latter. The first modern applied physics courses were offered at the Darülfünûn on 31 December 1863, marking the beginning of a new era. On 20 February 1870, the school was renamed Darülfünûn-u Osmanî ( lit .

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1166-603: The 19th century, played a key role in educating the ruling cadres of Ottoman society. However, when the medreses were no longer able to meet the needs of the time, a restructuring process began, leading to the establishment of Darülfünûn , the core of Istanbul University. An institution of higher education named the Darülfünûn-u Osmanî ( lit. the Ottoman Polytechnic Institute) was created in 1863, but suppressed in 1871. Its first rector

1219-583: The Faculty of Medicine of Istanbul University . According to his own account, he spoke Arabic with his parents and Turkish with his siblings. However, when asked about his origins, Sancar only underlined his Turkish nationality. Still, his cousin, Mithat Sancar , mentioned that their family is of Arab origins. Aziz Sancar's brother Tahir claimed in an interview that their family descended from Oghuz Turks from Central Asia, also mentioning that they are idealists . During his years at Istanbul University, he

1272-522: The Kurds. In an interview, Sancar stated that in his youth, he was an idealist but he didn't participate in activities. In another interview, Sancar stated that he supports moderate Pan-Turkism . On September 26, 2021, Sancar was the honorary guest of the Turkic Council on occasion of the meeting of the foreign secretaries from member states and has given a presentation titled "Knowledge and

1325-685: The National Awakening of the Turkic World", as announced by Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu . He was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Tomas Lindahl and Paul L. Modrich for their mechanistic studies of DNA repair. He was granted Presidential Young Investigator Award from the National Science Foundation in Molecular Biophysics in 1984. Sancar

1378-837: The Netherlands, as well as Berlin Technical University , Aachen University of Technology , University of Cologne , Ruhr University Bochum , and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in Germany. Additional partnerships include Essex University in the United Kingdom and the University of Western Ontario in Canada. Istanbul University maintains extensive Erasmus Programme student and faculty mobility agreements with numerous institutions across Europe, facilitating academic mobility and collaboration. In Germany,

1431-1467: The Netherlands, with agreements with University of Amsterdam , University of Groningen , Leiden University , and Erasmus University Rotterdam , and to Ireland with the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland . In Spain, the university partners with University of Barcelona , Pompeu Fabra University , University of Granada , University of Salamanca , and University Zaragoza , while in Sweden, it collaborates with Lund University and Uppsala University . Additionally, Istanbul University maintains Erasmus agreements with several Italian universities, including University of Bologna , University of Florence , University of Milano-Bicocca , University of Naples Federico II , University of Padua , and Sapienza University of Rome , as well as University of Luxembourg in Luxembourg, Eötvös Loránd University , Debrecen University , University of Pécs , and Szeged University in Hungary, University of Oslo in Norway, and University of Coimbra in Portugal. The university actively participates in research and innovation programs supported by

1484-636: The Ottoman Empire. The office also contains the desk of Enver Pasha , who served as the Minister of War from 1914 to 1918. The "Kılıçlık Hall," which is used for academic meetings today, was originally the venue for sword-donning ceremonies for officers within the Ministry of War during the Ottoman Empire. Before holding meetings in the Kılıçlık Hall, officers would use the area on the right side of

1537-653: The Ottoman House of Multiple Sciences) and reorganized to meet the needs of modern sciences and technologies. Starting in 1874, some classes in literature, law, and applied sciences were held at the Lycée de Galatasaray , continuing regularly until 1881. On 1 September 1900, the school was renamed and reorganized as Darülfünûn-u Şahâne ( lit. the Royal Polytechnic Institute), offering courses in mathematics, literature, and theology. On 20 April 1912,

1590-452: The current mayor of Istanbul Ekrem İmamoğlu . The alumni also include the longest-serving President of Israel Yitzhak Ben-Zvi , as well as David Ben-Gurion and Moshe Sharett , who both served as Prime Ministers of Israel. The origins of Istanbul University date back to 1453, when it was founded by Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II as a school of philosophy, medicine, law and letters. The University of Constantinople , established in 425 CE by

1643-399: The dark. In the laboratory of Dean Rupp, he elucidated the molecular details of this process, identifying UvrABC endonuclease and the genes that code for it, and furthermore discovering that these enzymes cut twice on the damaged strand of DNA, removing 12–13 nucleotides that include the damaged part. Following his mechanistic elucidations of nucleotide exchange repair, he was accepted as

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1696-447: The discovery of DNA repair and was at Johns Hopkins during Sancar's time there but had since moved to the University of Texas at Dallas . He was accepted and completed his PhD in molecular biology there. His interest had been stimulated by the recovery of bacteria, which had been exposed to deadly amounts of ultraviolet radiation, upon their illumination with blue light. In 1976, as part of his doctoral dissertation, he managed to replicate

1749-414: The gene for photolyase , an enzyme that repairs thymine dimers that result from ultraviolet damage. After completing his PhD, Sancar had three rejected applications for postdoctoral positions and then took up work at Yale University as a laboratory technician. He worked at Yale for five years. Here, he started his field-changing work on nucleotide excision repair , another DNA mechanism that works in

1802-584: The growth of academic programs and research, enhancing the university's intellectual environment and fostering scientific efforts in Turkey. The university comprises seventeen faculties spread across five campuses. The main campus being on Beyazıt Square , which was originally built by Constantine the Great as the Forum Tauri and was later enlarged by Theodosius the Great as the Forum of Theodosius during

1855-424: The hall to place their swords, hang their coats, and perform ablutions. The building, which was damaged in an earthquake in 1894, was restored by Italian architect Raimondo D’Aronco . In 1950, it was again restored by Ekrem Hakkı Ayverdi. The Rectorate Building has undergone several renovations over the years, with the most recent restoration, including façade and marble cleaning, taking place in 1998. The main gate

1908-541: The laboratory of Claud Stan Rupert, now Professor Emeritus. Sancar is an honorary member of the Turkish Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . After graduating from Istanbul University, Sancar returned to Savur. Although he wanted to go to the United States, he was recommended to try out being a doctor, and he worked as a doctor in the region for 1.5 years. He then won

1961-646: The mechanisms of photo-reactivation. In his inaugural article in the PNAS, Sancar captured the photolyase radicals he has chased for nearly 20 years, thus providing direct observation of the photocycle for thymine dimer repair. Aziz Sancar was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2005 as the first Turkish member. He is the Sarah Graham Kenan Professor of Biochemistry , at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . He

2014-861: The old medrese system, became modern faculties. The Darülfünûn then consisted of five faculties: medicine, law, letters, theology, and science. The professors were granted academic freedom as outlined in Article 2 of Law 493. On 1 August 1933, İstanbul Darülfünûnu was reorganized as İstanbul Üniversitesi ( lit. Istanbul University) following the educational reforms of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk . Classes officially began on 1 November 1933. Before World War II , many German scientists, particularly those from fields such as medicine, natural sciences, and humanities, were forced to flee Germany due to pressure on anti-Nazi scholars and artists, many of whom were of Jewish origin. A significant number of these emigrants found refuge at Istanbul University, where they contributed to

2067-415: The pedestrian space was extended. Access was improved with redesigned pedestrian routes and universal standards. Redesigned floor coverings, new resting and viewing terraces provide a better perception of the monuments. Two coffee houses bring amenities and new lighting scheme provides a welcoming experience in the evening. Existing trees were preserved, while new trees and vegetation were planted to complement

2120-868: The recently published Shanghai Ranking . At present, there are 58,809 undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral students studying in 112 academic units, including faculties, institutes, colleges, and vocational schools at 9 campuses. The main campus is adjacent to Beyazıt Square in Fatih , the capital district of the province, on the European side of the city. Istanbul University alumni include Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner Aziz Sancar and Nobel Prize in Literature winner Orhan Pamuk , as well as President of Turkey Abdullah Gül , six Prime Ministers of Turkey, including Suat Hayri Ürgüplü , Sadi Irmak , Nihat Erim , Refik Saydam , Naim Talu , Yıldırım Akbulut , and

2173-549: The redesign of Beyazıt Square. This geographical article about a location in Istanbul Province , Turkey is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Istanbul University Istanbul University , also known as University of Istanbul ( Turkish : İstanbul Üniversitesi ), is a prominent public research university located in Istanbul , Turkey . Founded by Mehmed II on May 30, 1453,

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2226-586: The royal family relocated, the Old Palace retained its significance, serving as a residence for the families of deceased sultans. After the disbandment of the Janissary Corps in 1826, the Old Palace was assigned to the Bab-ı Seraskeri, the new military force of the Ottoman Empire. From this point on, the building was referred to as the Serasker Gate. The original wooden Serasker Gate building

2279-458: The school was renamed İstanbul Darülfünûnu, with an expanded course offering and a modernized curriculum. The School of Medicine, Law, Applied Sciences, Literature, and Theology were established. On 21 April 1924, the Republic of Turkey recognized İstanbul Darülfünûnu as a state institution. On 7 October 1925, its administrative autonomy was established, and the schools, which had been part of

2332-1146: The university partners with Free University of Berlin , Humboldt University of Berlin , Goethe University Frankfurt , University of Freiburg , University of Hamburg , Heidelberg University , University of Mainz , University of Marburg , University of Mannheim , Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich , and University of Tübingen . In Austria, partnerships include University of Graz , University of Innsbruck , and University of Vienna . The university also has agreements with several Belgian institutions, including University of Antwerpen , Gent University , KU Leuven , and University of Liège , as well as University of Copenhagen in Denmark. In France, Istanbul University collaborates with Bordeaux Montaigne University , University of Caen Normandy , Lumière University Lyon 2 , Aix-Marseille University , University of Orléans , Paris Nanterre University , Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales , and University of Strasbourg . The Erasmus network extends to

2385-471: The workings of Circadian clocks in humans, which may be used to treat a wide range of different illnesses and disorders such as jet-lag and seasonal affective disorder , and may be useful in controlling and optimizing various cancer treatments. Sancar is married to Gwen Boles Sancar, with whom he met during his PhD in Dallas, where she was also studying molecular biology. They got married in 1978. Sancar

2438-650: The world. These include partnerships with Yale University Wright Laboratory , Johns Hopkins University , and the University of Arizona in the United States; the University of Seoul , Dongguk University , and Hankuk University of Foreign Studies in South Korea; and Qatar University in Qatar. In Japan, the university has agreements with Ryukoku University , Tokyo University of Marine Sciences and Technology , Kindai University , and Tsurumi University . Istanbul University also collaborates with Tilburg University in

2491-654: Was Hasan Tahsini , regarded as one of the most important Ottoman scholars of the 19th century. In 1874 the Darülfünûn-u Sultanî (lit. the Royal College of Natural Sciences, French : Université Impériale Ottoman ) began offering law classes in French , but was closed in 1881. The Imperial College of Sciences, later known as Darülfünûn-u Şahâne , was reestablished in 1900 with departments in theology, arts, mathematics, science, and philology. In 1924,

2544-411: Was completed in 1865-1866. In 1879, it began serving as the Ottoman Empire's Ministry of War. The Blue Hall and Pink Hall, located on the building's second floor, are adorned in an orientalist decorative style, featuring ceiling and wall ornamentations that reflect the overall aesthetic of the structure. The room currently used as the Rector's Office was originally the office of the Minister of War during

2597-481: Was demolished in 1864. The building began to serve as the Ottoman Ministry of War , in 1879. Following the establishment of the Republic in 1923, the Ministry of War, like other ministries, relocated to Ankara, and the building was handed over to Darülfünun, the first and only university of the Ottoman Empire. Located on the grounds is the Beyazıt Tower , an 85 m (279 ft) tall fire-watch tower. The current main building, designed by French architect Bourgerois,

2650-413: Was depicted on the reverse of the Turkish 500 lira banknotes of 1971–1984. The building housing the Rare Books Library, designed by Kemaleddin Bey in 1913, is home to a collection of approximately 93,000 volumes, including printed and manuscript books, journals, newspapers, maps, plans, and notes in Turkish , Arabic , Persian , Greek and Latin . The collection also includes 911 albums known as

2703-433: Was educated by idealistic teachers who received their education in the Village Institutes , he later stated that this was a great inspiration to him. Throughout his school life, Sancar had great academic success that was noted by his teachers. He wanted to study chemistry whilst at high school, but was persuaded to study medicine after five of his classmates also got into medicine along with him. As such, he studied medicine at

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2756-421: Was involved with the Turkish nationalist organization Idealist Hearths ( Ülkü Ocakları ). Sancar received his primary education near his hometown of Savur . He then completed his MD degree in Istanbul University of Turkey in 1969 and he graduated from school as the top student. He completed his PhD degree on the photoreactivating enzyme of E. coli in 1977 at The University of Texas at Dallas in

2809-468: Was transferred to the Rare Books Library. Istanbul University Graduate School of Business ( Turkish : İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme İktisadı Enstitüsü) was founded in 1954 with the collaboration of Harvard Business School and the Ford Foundation . Istanbul University Graduate School of Business also has a Beta Gamma Sigma honor society , which is the only honor business society in public universities in Turkey. Istanbul University School of Business

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