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49-582: The villages of Chotěnice, Konopáč and Radlín are administrative parts of Heřmanův Městec. Heřmanův Městec is located about 9 kilometres (6 mi) west of Chrudim and 11 km (7 mi) southwest of Pardubice . It lies mostly in the Svitavy Uplands . The southern part of the municipal territory extends into the Iron Mountains . The highest point is at 382 m (1,253 ft) above sea level. The first written mention of Heřmanův Městec

98-575: A Jewish ghetto in Heřmanův Městec. Until construction of a new synagogue in the Baroque style in 1760, the Jewish community used a private home as a house of prayer. Count Jan Václav Sporck, who then owned the town's land, is said to have financially supported construction and laid the foundation stone for the new synagogue, which is in the same location as the current synagogue. For over a century,

147-728: A protected geographical indication by the European Union . Pardubice is located at the crossroads of three main roads: The I/2, which connects Pardubice with Prague ; the I/36 from Pardubice to Rychnov nad Kněžnou District ; and the I/37, which connects Hradec Králové with Žďár nad Sázavou and the D1 motorway . Pardubice main railway station is an important railway junction. Pardubice has direct railway connection with many cities, including Prague, Brno , Olomouc , Ostrava and Liberec in

196-794: A dozen Torah scrolls, were transported to the Jewish Museum in Prague. These eventually became part of the Memorial Scrolls Trust collection housed at the Westminster Synagogue in London. It is likely that so many Torah scrolls were attributed to Heřmanův Městec because it was the seat of the district rabbi. As the Jewish community in the area shrank during the late 1800s and early 1900s and other synagogues closed their doors, their Torah scrolls probably were sent to

245-446: A fortress. Since 1952, the premises of the castle houses a retirement home. In 1784, the adjacent castle park was established from the former game reserve. It is a large English landscape garden with Zámecký Pond in the middle. The area of the park is protected as a nature monument. Heřmanův Městec is twinned with: Pardubice Pardubice ( Czech pronunciation: [ˈpardubɪtsɛ] ; German : Pardubitz )

294-439: A mostly positive relationship with the Jewish community. The Jewish community paid a fixed annual sum of money to the landowning gentry. During the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, Jews living in the town were mainly engaged in trade (linen, wool, hides, or feathers) and money-lending. The location of the town along the road connecting Prague with Moravia brought a great number of merchants into the area. According to oral tradition,

343-513: A production plant in its former premises. This electronics manufacturer is the largest employer in Pardubice. Pardubice has a long tradition in the chemical industry. It is represented by the Paramo refinery, which was founded by David Fanto in 1889. Today it is owned by Orlen Unipetrol . In Pardubice-Semtín there are the companies Explosia (a manufacturer of explosives founded in 1920, which

392-607: A warehouse. The synagogue, rabbi's house, and cemetery received little maintenance or care and deteriorated. At one point, the Bohemian Brethren Evangelic Church purchased the synagogue and adjacent rabbi's house which were used as a storeroom and a prayer house, respectively. Many of the former homes of the Jewish community were razed between 1980 and 1982 as part of a redevelopment effort. The Jewish community reached its peak in 1849. The I/17 road (the section from Chrudim to Čáslav ) passes through

441-652: Is BK JIP Pardubice , playing in the National Basketball League . Pardubice is also represented in the Czech rink bandy league. Pardubice hosts two world-famous sporting events each year. The Velká pardubická steeplechase was first held in 1874 and is one of the most famous horse races in Europe. The second event is the Golden Helmet of Pardubice , a motorcycle speedway competition held at

490-421: Is 573.4 millimetres (22.57 in), of which July is the wettest with 79.9 millimetres (3.15 in), while February is the driest with only 30.9 millimetres (1.22 in). The extreme temperature throughout the year ranged from −27.7 °C (−17.9 °F) on 29 December 1996 to 37.7 °C (99.9 °F) on 28 July 2013. The first written mention of Pardubice is from 1295, when Pope Boniface VIII took over

539-598: Is a city in the Czech Republic . It has about 92,000 inhabitants. It is the capital city of the Pardubice Region and lies on the Elbe River. The historic centre is well preserved and is protected as an urban monument reservation . Pardubice is known as the centre of industry, which represents an oil refinery or an electronic equipment plant. The city is well known for its sport events, which include

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588-401: Is associated with the invention of Semtex plastic explosive) and its subsidiary Synthesia (manufacturer of cellulose, pigments and dyes, and organic compounds, established in 1929). For centuries, Pardubice have been known for the production of gingerbread . The gingerbread guild was established in the 16th century. The first factory was founded in 1913. Since 2008, Pardubice gingerbread is

637-588: Is from 1325. It was founded around 1280 on a trade route from Prague to Moravia . Due to its location and later due to large Jewish community, the town became the economic centre of the region. Heřmanův Městec was burned down during the Hussite Wars . It was also repeatedly conquered and looted during the Thirty Years' War . The town greatly developed during the rule of counts of Sporck, who acquired it in 1695. The Sporck had built stone houses to prevent

686-418: Is owned by the city of Pardubice. In addition to buses, trolleybuses also provide intra-city transport. Trolleybus service was started in 1952. There are 12 trolleybus lines in operation. Pardubice is home to University of Pardubice . It was founded in 1950 as Chemical College and is mainly focused on fields historically associated with the city, such as the chemical industry and transportation. The city

735-517: Is the Green Gate as a remnant of the city's fortifications. It is a Renaissance gate with a façade decorated by a relief designed by Mikoláš Aleš , which depicts the Lords of Pardubice. Behind the gate is a 60 metres (200 ft) high tower that serves as an lookout tower. In its interior there is also an exposition with the history and legends of the city. Pardubice Castle was built at the end of

784-543: Is the hill Stropinský vrch at 258 m (846 ft) above sea level, located on the southeastern municipal border. Pardubice's climate is classified as oceanic climate ( Köppen : Dfb ; Trewartha : Dcbo ). Among them, the annual average temperature is 9.7 °C (49.5 °F), the hottest month in July is 19.8 °C (67.6 °F), and the coldest month is −0.3 °C (31.5 °F) in January. The annual precipitation

833-616: The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia were deprived of the ability to do business, they were dismissed from government service, Jewish children were denied the right to attend school, and worship and assembly were forbidden. In Heřmanův Městec the Ten Commandments on the synagogue were removed, and the building was used by the German army for storage. During the occupation by Nazi Germany, Jewish ritual objects, including over

882-612: The Svítkov Stadium . The Golden Helmet has been run since 1929 is one of the oldest individual titles in world speedway. AMK Zlatá Přilba Pardubice is a speedway team that race at the Svítkov Stadium. The Czech Open international chess and games festival has been held in Pardubice since 1990. The city was also known for the Czech Open in golf, but it was last held in 2011. The landmark and symbol of Pardubice

931-443: The Thirty Years' War , the city was besieged by the army of General Lennart Torstensson , but was not conquered. An important milestone in the history of the city was the year 1845, when the railway from Prague to Olomouc was finished. Pardubice became an important railway junction, which led to the development of the food, engineering and chemical industries, and subsequently the development of social and cultural life. In 1874,

980-515: The Velká pardubická steeplechase horse race took place for the first time. In 1910, Jan Kašpar made here the first successful flight in Czech lands and a year later he made history by flying the first long-haul flight from Pardubice to Prague. Until 1918, the city was part of Austria Hungary . The seat of the Pardubice district, it was one of the 94 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in Bohemia . In

1029-494: The Velká pardubická steeplechase in horse racing, the Golden Helmet of Pardubice in motorcycle racing, and the Czech Open international chess and board games festival. Pardubice is divided into eight boroughs, which are further divided into 27 administrative parts (in brackets): The name Pardubice is derived from the personal Polish name Porydęb. It was the name of the leader of the monks who came here from Poland. For

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1078-568: The women's section or women's gallery , is an area of a synagogue sanctuary reserved exclusively for women. The Ezrat Nashim could be either a separate annex, as observed in synagogues like the Altneuschul in Prague and the synagogue of Worms , or an elevated gallery situated within the synagogue sanctuary. If the latter, it is typically located on the west side of the building, though variations exist with some galleries positioned on

1127-515: The 13th century and rebuilt in the Renaissance style at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries. Massive fortifications are preserved around the castle. Today the castle houses the Museum of East Bohemia in Pardubice and Gallery of East Bohemia in Pardubice. The original Church of Saint Bartholomew was built in 1295 and destroyed during the Hussite Wars . The today's Church of Saint Bartholomew

1176-539: The 1760 building was started. This building was in the Neo-Romanesque style by the architect František Schmoranz. The architect had some lofty plans which had to be abandoned because the Catholic clergy feared that the synagogue might outshine the nearby Church of St. Bartholomew. The original design had a tower with a stairway leading to the women's gallery . After design changes, the synagogue provided access to

1225-636: The Czech Republic, Bratislava , Žilina and Košice in Slovakia, Budapest in Hungary, and Vienna and Graz in Austria. The territory of Pardubice is served by eight train stations and stops. Pardubice is served by Pardubice Airport , which is used as both military and civilian international airport. Intra-city transport is provided by the company Dopravní podnik města Pardubic a.s., which

1274-401: The Jewish cemetery in town dates back to the 1430. Usually, when Jews move into an area, one of their first community actions is to purchase land for a cemetery. There is documentation from 1667 that additional land was purchased for the purpose of enlarging the Jewish cemetery. There are records of additional extensions that took place in 1685, 1709, 1723 and 1838. The date of the construction of

1323-465: The Jews of Bohemia had to endure a number of restrictions In 1848 serfdom was abolished, and the Jews living in Heřmanův Městec were emancipated and allowed freedom of movement. As a result, many Jews left the town for employment opportunities in industrialized cities such as Prague or emigrated abroad. In 1870 construction of new synagogue, with the backing of the aristocratic landowner, on the same site as

1372-483: The Jews to rebuild their synagogue. In 1680, the town was visited by a plague that claimed many lives, leaving a large number of dilapidated houses behind. In 1686, Count Ferdinand Leopold Sporck called upon the Jews from the region to inhabit the abandoned houses. At the turn of the 17th century, the town became the seat of the regional rabbi. The ruling Habsburgs introduced restrictions on Jewish movement, residence, marriage, and other matters of everyday life. In 1727

1421-401: The caretaker's house and mortuary from 1838 with a memorial plaque to the victims of Nazism and a hearse. The Church of Saint Bartholomew is a main landmark of the town and whole region. It was built in the late Baroque style in 1756–1761. It has a 42 metres (138 ft)-high tower. The castle was also built in the late Baroque style. It was created in the 1784 by extensive reconstruction of

1470-494: The city and made significant impact on its prosperity. He chose Pardubice as the centre of his estate and began to build a city that corresponded to his status. The Pernštejn family had the entire historic centre with the Renaissance square built. They also had rebuilt the medieval castle into a comfortable fortified residence. In 1560, the Pernštejns were forced to sell the estate to Emperor Ferdinand I because of debts. During

1519-424: The early 15th century and is among the oldest and best preserved Jewish cemeteries in the Czech Republic. It has an area of almost 4,000 square meters, and contains 1,077 tombstones. It is owned by the Jewish community of Prague. The oldest preserved and legible gravestone is from 1647. The tombstones, especially the older ones, are mostly made from sandstone; the newer stones are made from marble. The cemetery includes

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1568-469: The effects of fires, extended the local castle, and reconstructed the church destroyed by fire in 1740. In 1828, Heřmanův Městec was bought by the Kinsky family . The Kinsky family continued to improve the town and had built the hospital or the orphanage, and had extended the castle and the castle park to its current form. In 1875, Heřmanův Městec became the first place in Bohemia where association football

1617-416: The first half of the 16th century. Until 1786, the church belonged to a Minorite monastery, from which time there are extensive underground tombs under the church. The House at Jonáš is one of the most treasured burgher houses in Pardubice. It was built after the fire that hit the city in 1507. It is known for its façade, decorated with a stucco relief from 1797, showing a biblical scene of a whale swallowing

1666-430: The first synagogue is unclear, but it was destroyed in a large town fire in 1623. In 1661, Count Jan Karel Sporck became the owner of the estate which included the town. Under his administration, the local Jewish community flourished. The Count encouraged Jews to move into houses that were abandoned during the Thirty Years' War along a single street leading to the Jewish cemetery (now called Havlíčkova Street). He allowed

1715-642: The first time the name was recorded in the form of Pordobice . Pardubice is located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) east of Prague . The city lies at the confluence of the Elbe and Chrudimka rivers. There are several fishponds, artificial lakes and oxbow lakes of the Elbe in the municipal territory. Pardubice is located in the East Elbe Table , in the eastern part of the Polabí lowland. The highest point

1764-602: The interwar period, Pardubice continued to develop until its heyday ended with the advent of World War II . During the war, the city was damaged by air strikes of the Allies, and the Fanto Werke refinery was repeatedly bombed during the oil campaign . Pardubice is known as an industrial city. The dominant industries are chemical industry, electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. Tesla electronics manufacturer operated here in 1921–1989. In 2000, Foxconn established

1813-524: The north or south sides. In larger synagogues, it is common to find two galleries, one above the other. In the mid-19th century, Reform synagogues in Germany and Austria introduced separate pews for men and women on the same floor. Later, Reform congregations in the United States introduced "family seating", whereby congregants sit together irrespective of gender. Many Orthodox synagogues built in

1862-627: The prophet Jonah . The premises of the house are used by the Gallery of East Bohemia in Pardubice. The Zámeček Memorial is a place of reverence that commemorates execution of 194 people in 1942. The place is a national cultural monument and at its centrepiece is a granite monument dating from 1949. Pardubice is twinned with: Pardubice also cooperates with: Ezrat Nashim The Ezrat Nashim ( Hebrew : עזרת נשים ) or Vaybershul ( Yiddish : ווײַבערשול ), commonly referred to in English as

1911-560: The protection of the local Church of Saint Bartholomew with the order of Canons Regular of the Penitence of the Blessed Martyrs . In the first half of the 14th century, the settlement was acquired by a noble family, later known as Lords of Pardubice. In 1340, when Pardubice was inherited by Arnošt of Pardubice , it was first referred to as a city. In 1491, Pardubice was bought by Vilém II of Pernštejn , who continued to expand

1960-455: The relaxation of restrictions on Jews, by the late 1800s the town and its Jewish inhabitants had a thriving role in the production of shoes. There were several Jewish-owned handmade and machine-made shoe production companies. Most of these companies had international exports. As Jews were now permitted to study without restriction, many of them also pursued opportunities as attorneys, physicians, and other professions. In 1891, Heřmanův Městec became

2009-469: The seat of a district rabbi , with the dependent communities being Chrudim, Hroubovice, and Dřevíkov. While the town itself had less than 100 Jewish inhabitants, it served a broader Jewish community of 500 Jews in the region. From 16 March 1939, the Jewish community was under the rule of Nazi Germany and the Nuremberg Laws restricting Jewish rights were the law of the land. In 1940, Jews living in

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2058-471: The synagogue in Heřmanův Městec. Thus, by 1940, Heřmanův Městec had a large inventory of Torah scrolls. On 3 December 1942, all of the 60 Jews were transported to the Terezín concentration camp . Many of those were eventually transported to Auschwitz . In 1945 at the end of World War II, only two members of the Jewish community returned to Heřmanův Městec. After World War II the synagogue was used mainly as

2107-473: The town. Heřmanův Městec is the starting point of a short railway line to Choceň . In 1986, the Town of Heřmanův Městec purchased the synagogue. In the early 1990s, the cemetery, mortuary and caretaker's home were restored. In 1991, the synagogue and the cemetery were declared national cultural monuments. Using plans from 1870, the synagogue building and adjacent rabbi's house were restored in 2001. The synagogue

2156-449: The vice regent's office in Prague confirmed a regulation concerning the distance between Jewish dwellings and Christian churches that led to the synagogue of Heřmanův Městec being torn down because it was too close to the town's Catholic church. Eventually, Jewish self-government was abolished, and the Jewish settlement was surrounded by an enclosure with three gates. All Jews were required to live in this part of town, effectively establishing

2205-490: The women's gallery via a covered passageway from the school building next door. A stone-hewn image of the Ten Commandants adorned the top of the building. Due to the reduction in size, the building was not really sufficient to support the large crowds which attended worship services especially on holidays. As the Jewish population declined toward the latter part of the 19th century, the building became sufficient. With

2254-616: Was built together with a monastery in 1507–1514. It was used as a burial place of the Pernštejn family . In the interior there is a valuable main altar with the painting "The Passion of St. Bartholomew" from 1692 by Michael Willmann and a painting decoration by Mikoláš Aleš. The Church of the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary was founded by Arnošt of Pardubice before 1359. Its present late Gothic and Renaissance appearance dates from

2303-672: Was first represented in the top national football competition by SK Pardubice in the 1930s and 1940s. Later VCHZ Pardubice played in the top national league in the 1968–69 season. Nowadays the city is represented by FK Pardubice , which plays in the Czech First League . Women's team plays in the Czech Women's First League . The ice hockey club HC Dynamo Pardubice plays in the Czech Extraliga . The team plays its home games at Enteria arena . The basketball team

2352-506: Was furnished with replicas of the original benches, and the painting and stained glass windows were restored. The only major architectural change is the size of the bimah (area where the Torah is read). It was enlarged to better serve as a stage in support of its new role as a concert hall. The rabbi's house is now the home of the Cyrany art gallery. The Jewish cemetery was probably founded in

2401-512: Was played. In 1882 and 1899, the railroads were built. Jews were living in Heřmanův Městec as early as the first half of the 15th century and it represents one of the oldest documented Jewish communities in the Chrudim District . A minyan (10 adult Jewish males) was recorded as early as 1570. The Jewish community continued to grow and thrive over the years. The town was the property of a series of aristocratic landowners who enjoyed

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