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79-458: Jiyūgaoka ( 自由が丘 , Jiyūgaoka ) 'Liberty Hill' is a neighborhood in southern Meguro , Tokyo, Japan. It consists of districts 1-chome to 3-chome, and had a population of 7,231 as of January 2013. The name also refers to the broader area surrounding Jiyūgaoka Station , which includes both Jiyūgaoka, part of Midorigaoka and nearby Okusawa ( 奥沢 ) in Setagaya . Jiyūgaoka Station is located at

158-502: A Meguro ward for Tokyo City in 1932 and since then the ward has remained with no alterations to its territory. The name "Meguro", meaning "black eyes", derives from the Meguro Fudō (Black-eyed Fudō-myōō ) of Ryūsenji . The Meguro Fudō was one of five Fudō-myōō statues placed at strategic points on the outskirts of Edo in the early seventeenth century by the abbot Tenkai , an advisor to Tokugawa Ieyasu , to provide protection for

237-659: A capacity of 1,210 beds, the hospital facilitated medical services for 389,830 inpatients and 794,454 outpatients in the fiscal year 2010. Newsweek 's World's Best Hospitals 2023 ranks it 17th in the world, 2nd in Asia, and 1st in Japan. It serves as the primary hospital for the Imperial Family of Japan , with both the current emperor and the emperor emeritus having undergone major operations there. The University of Tokyo operates eight museums, three of which fall under

316-651: A doctor. The conflict intensified with the indefinite strike decision by the students in January 1968 and escalated further following a clash between the students and faculty. Tensions peaked when radical students, most of whom were members of the Zenkyōtō (the All-Campus Joint Struggle Committees), occupied Yasuda Auditorium , leading the university to eventually call in riot police in June—

395-537: A five-year programme called the College of Design. The programme aims to 'redefine design as a broad concept (...) based on interdisciplinary knowledge that integrates the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering and other fields'. Approximately 100 students will be matriculated annually, with half of them coming from overseas. A wider variety of postgraduate programmes are offered in English, making

474-483: A foreign language, Advanced Japanese, and two social studies subjects (options are geography, Japanese history and world history). UTokyo is also known to be the only university that requires all applicants, including those who wish to study natural sciences, to take a non-mulltiple-choice Japanese and Chinese classics exam. Some applicants are called upon to take an interview. Successful candidates are notified in March of

553-749: A four-year university as it is today in 1949. One of the higher schools that merged with UTokyo, the First Higher School , became the College of Arts and Sciences . This new college, operating on the same campus of Komaba as the higher school, took on the responsibility of educating all undergraduates for the first year and a half of their degrees. It was also during this period that UTokyo first opened its doors to female students. The first nineteen female students were matriculated in April 1946. The 1960s saw an intensification of student protests across

632-779: A half years at Komaba. The Department of Information Science, the Faculty of Medicine, and the Department of Sociology are amongst the most selective departments in the Shingaku Sentaku. Despite its roots as a boarding school, most undergraduates at the university either live with their families at home or in non-university accommodation. Since the closure of the Komaba dormitory ( 駒場寮 , Komaba-ryo ) in August 2001, there has been no on-campus accommodation for domestic students at

711-479: A move seen as abandoning university autonomy. Efforts to resolve the situation began with the resignation of university executives and the appointment of Ichiro Kato as interim president, who started negotiations. The conflict largely ended in January 1969 after a full-scale police operation to remove the occupying students. This operation involved more than 8,500 riot police officers confronting students who fought back with Molotov cocktails and marble stones taken from

790-614: A total of 13,974 undergraduate students and 14,258 graduate students. The majority of the university's educational and research facilities are concentrated within its three main Tokyo campuses: Hongo , Komaba , and Kashiwa . Additionally, UTokyo operates several smaller campuses in the Greater Tokyo Area and over 60 facilities across Japan and globally. UTokyo's total land holdings amount to 326 square kilometres (approximately 80,586 acres or 32,600 hectares), placing it amongst

869-411: A turbulent chapter in the university's history. The university first admitted female students in 1946. While the student body has remained predominantly male, various attempts have been made to achieve a more equal gender ratio. In 2023, women made up 23 per cent of first-year undergraduates, the highest percentage in the university's history. A quarter of graduate students were female in 2022. When

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948-421: A year, with classes formed based on their choices. Popular languages include Chinese, French, German, Korean, Spanish, and Russian. These classes are meant to be places where students can interact with peers from different backgrounds and forge long-lasting friendships, especially because they spend a considerable amount of time together. There is a tradition where the previous year's class ( 上クラ , uekura ) invites

1027-604: Is a public research university in Bunkyō , Tokyo , Japan . Founded in 1877 as the nation's first modern university by the merger of several pre-westernisation era institutions, its direct precursors include the Tenmongata , founded in 1684, and the Shoheizaka Institute. Although established under its current name, the university was renamed Imperial University ( 帝國大學 , Teikoku daigaku ) in 1886 and

1106-422: Is also home to light industry, corporate head offices, the Komaba campus of University of Tokyo as well as fifteen foreign embassies and consulates. Residential neighborhoods include, Jiyugaoka , Kakinokizaka, and Nakameguro . As of May 1, 2015, the ward has an estimated population of 277,171 and a population density of 18,890 persons per km . The total area is 14.67 km . Meguro is also used to refer to

1185-716: Is difficult to achieve. To apply, candidates must achieve high scores in the Common Test for University Admissions , a standardised multiple-choice examination. UTokyo applicants are required to take at least seven subjects in this examination. Applicants for natural sciences take two mathematics tests, Japanese (which consists of modern language, classics, and Chinese classics), one foreign language, sciences (two from physics, chemistry, biology, and geology), and one social study subject chosen from geography, Japanese history, or world history. Humanities candidates take two social studies subjects and one science subject instead. Based on

1264-543: Is the oldest university newspaper still in operation, with its first issue in 1920. The editing committee of the newspaper has produced multiple central figures in the country's publishing industry. Recruit , a human resources company with the 13th largest market capitalisation among all publicly traded companies in the country as of March 2024, spun off from the Todai Shimbun 's advertisement branch in 1961. There are several other newer campus newspapers and magazines,

1343-431: Is the primary fundraising arm of the university, and it accepts both endowments for the university as a whole and purpose-specific donations. UTokyo's tuition fees have been fixed at 535,000 yen annually for undergraduates and master's students since 2005, regardless of their status (whether domestic or international). This makes up approximately 5% of the university's income. However, the decline in government funding and

1422-1081: The A-level , SAT , and International Baccalaureate . All modules in these programmes are taught in English. However, learning Japanese is mandatory, and those confident in their Japanese ability can take modules taught in Japanese in other departments. Third, the university offers exchange programmes with universities worldwide. There are University-wide Student Exchange Programmes (USTEP) with universities such as Tsinghua University , Princeton University , National University of Singapore and Yale University . The College of Arts and Sciences has its own exchange programmes called KOMSTEP with universities such as University of Paris . The Faculty of Engineering also has its own exchange programmes, whose partner institutions include Petroleum Institute, Abu Dhabi , University of Cambridge , and Massachusetts Institute of Technology . Starting in Autumn 2027, UTokyo plans to offer

1501-535: The American occupation era following Japan's defeat in World War II , the university dropped the word 'imperial' from its name and reverted to its original name, University of Tokyo. During this period, Japan's education system was reformed to align more with the American system . As a result, UTokyo under merged with two Higher Schools , which were university preparatory boy's boarding schools and thus became

1580-485: The First World War was still fresh. The American philanthropist John D. Rockefeller Jr. personally donated $ 2 million (approximately $ 36 million in 2023). The United Kingdom formed a committee led by former Prime Minister Arthur Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour , and made substantial financial and cultural contributions. Rockefeller Jr. and Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester , a younger son of George V , visited

1659-582: The Great Kanto Earthquake struck the Kanto Plain, inflicting immense damage upon the university. This damage included the complete destruction of almost all main buildings, including the library, as well as the loss of precious scientific and historical samples and data stored in them. This led to a university-wide debate as to whether it should relocate to a larger site, such as Yoyogi , but ultimately, such plans were rejected. Instead,

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1738-733: The Imperial Palace . President Yoshikazu Uchida consistently denied these requests by persuading them of the importance of culture, education and research for the country's long-term development. In September 1945, efforts by Uchida and Shigeru Nambara , Dean of the Faculty of Law, prevented the campus from becoming the Allied Headquarters . Instead, the Dai-Ichi Seimei Building was chosen. Nambara succeeded Uchida as president in December 1945. During

1817-710: The Institute of Industrial Science was established on the site of the former headquarters of the Third Infantry Regiment in Roppongi . During the war, the Imperial Army attempted to use the university's facilities several times, including plans to relocate the university to Sendai and use the Hongo Campus as a fortress for the anticipated Allied landing, Operation Downfall , to protect

1896-796: The Tokugawa Shogunate in 1791 as part of the Kansei Reforms . The Tenmongata , established in 1684, was the astronomical research and education arm of the Shogunate. It evolved into the Kaisei School ( 開成学校 ) , a school for Western learnings, after the Meiji Restoration . The Kanda Otamagaike Vaccination Centre, established in 1858, evolved into a school of Western medicine called Tokyo Medical School ( 東京医学校 , Tokyo Igakko ) . Although plans to establish

1975-566: The United Kingdom , mathematics, physics, and international law from France , while politics, economics, and medicine were to be guided by German expertise. Additionally, agriculture and commercial law knowledge was to be sourced from the United States . Following this policy, UTokyo and its predecessor institutions sent their graduates to universities in these respective countries and also invited lecturers from them. However, by

2054-606: The 1880s, the Japanese government grew concerned over the spread of French republican and British constitutional monarchist ideals among the faculty and students, and eventually Minister of Education Takato Oki instructed the university to reduce the use of English as a language of instruction, and instead to switch to Japanese. This shift coincided with the return of UTokyo alumni who had completed their education in Europe, and these returnees began filling roles that had been predominantly held by foreign scholars. The first half of

2133-585: The British magazine Times Higher Education first published its world university rankings in partnership with QS in 2004, the University of Tokyo was ranked 12th in the world. In the latest 2024 edition of the rankings, it is ranked 29th. QS, now has its own rankings , placed the UTokyo at 28th. As these numbers suggest, there is a widely shared concern that the university is falling behind its counterparts in

2212-656: The Interwar period in Japan was characterised by the spread of liberal ideas, collectively known as Taishō Democracy . This movement was ushered in by the concept of Minpon Shugi by Sakuzō Yoshino , as well as Tatsukichi Minobe 's interpretation of sovereignty as inherent to the state rather than the monarchy. Both were alumni and professors at the Faculty of Law. Taking advantage of the widespread acceptance of such ideas, Prime Minister Takaaki Katō , an alumnus of UTokyo, extended suffrage to all males aged 25 and over in 1925, as promised in his manifesto. This liberal tendency

2291-668: The UT-base and the UmeeT are widely read by students. After completing the Shingaku Sentaku , second-year students matriculate into senior division departments to specialise in their chosen fields. With the exception of the senior division of the College of Arts and Sciences and the Department of Mathematics, which are located in Komaba, all other senior departments are situated in Hongo . Consequently, approximately 85 per cent of

2370-411: The University of Tokyo hosts 5,106 international students, who represent 17.7 per cent of the total student body. Of these, 4,874 are postgraduate students and 460 are undergraduates. Exchange students and postdoctoral researchers are not included in these numbers. At the undergraduate level, there are mainly three routes for those who have not received their secondary education in Japanese to apply to

2449-414: The University of Tokyo is organised into 10 faculties and 15 graduate schools. The leader of the University of Tokyo is known as the president ( 総長 , socho ) and it is a substantive leadership role. The president is elected by the university's board council from among the faculty members for a term of six years. The current president is Teruo Fujii , a scholar in applied microfluidics , who assumed

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2528-599: The University of Tokyo library has a collection of over 10 million books and numerous materials of historical importance. This collection ranks it as the second-largest library in Japan, surpassed only by the National Diet Library , which holds a collection of approximately 46.8 million books. It also subscribes to about 170,000 journals. The headquarters of the library is situated in the General Library at Hongo, which underwent thorough renovation in

2607-579: The University of Tokyo. First, individuals with high Japanese proficiency can apply through the special admissions process for students educated overseas ( 外国学校卒業学生特別選考 ). Students admitted via this route study alongside their peers who received secondary education in Japanese. International students who apply via this route sometimes spend a year studying the language at preparatory schools before matriculation. Second, there are undergraduate programmes called PEAK (Programs in English at Komaba), which accept applications based on international qualifications such as

2686-543: The aftershocks of earthquakes ( Omori's law ) and developing a new type of seismometer capable of recording primary waves . The university set up an independent seismology department in November 1923 to delve deeply into the causes and effects of earthquakes and to better prepare for future seismic events. In 1925, with a government grant, the Earthquake Research Institute was established within

2765-402: The architect who designed them. Another notable change the earthquake brought about at the university was the expansion of its seismology studies . Long having been the only university in the seismically active country , the university was already known for its seismology research, most notably the contributions made by its alumnus and professor, Fusakichi Omori , in quantitatively evaluating

2844-485: The area around Meguro Station , which is not located in Meguro ward, but in neighboring Shinagawa 's Kamiōsaki district. The Higashiyama shell mound in the north of the ward contains remains from the paleolithic , Jōmon , Yayoi , and Kofun periods . The area now known as Meguro was formerly two towns, Meguro proper and Hibusuma, all parts of the former Ebara District of Musashi Province . The two were merged into

2923-668: The auditorium's interior. Prime Minister Eisaku Sato , who was an alumnus of UTokyo himself, visited the site the day after the protesters in the auditorium were forcibly removed, and decided to cancel that year's admission process. This led top highschool students to apply reluctantly to other universities such as Kyoto University and Hitotsubashi University , resulting in many applicants who would have been admitted to those universities under normal circumstances failing to gain admission, since applicants are not allowed to apply to multiple prestigious national universities in Japan. The aftermath saw 633 prosecutions, and varied sentences, marking

3002-816: The council is Yoshiaki Ito. The mayor is Eiji Aoki, an independent. His term lasts until April 24, 2016. Metropolitan high schools are operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education . In addition the metropolis operates a consolidated junior and senior high school in Meguro called Ōshūkan Secondary School . Municipal elementary and junior high schools are operated by the Meguro City Board of Education. Municipal junior high schools: Municipal elementary schools: University of Tokyo The University of Tokyo ( 東京大学 , Tōkyō daigaku , abbreviated as Tōdai (東大) in Japanese and UTokyo in English )

3081-581: The country's first university had been in place just after the Meiji Restoration, it was not until around 1875 that it was decided to form the university by merging these schools. The University of Tokyo was chartered on 12 April 1877 by the Meiji government . Corresponding to the fields covered by the predecessor schools, it started with four faculties: Law , Science , Letters, and Medicine . The Imperial College of Engineering later merged into

3160-548: The end of March. Approximately one-third of the graduates enter the workforce upon graduation, while the remainder continue their studies at graduate schools within the university or at universities abroad. Popular places of employment for UTokyo graduates include the university itself, government ministries, global conglomerates such as Sony and Hitachi , consulting firms such as McKinsey & Company and PwC Consulting , trading companies such as Mitsubishi Corp and Mitsui Corp , and investment banks. As of 1 November 2023,

3239-468: The few extant structures built before this relocation is a gate called Akamon , which has become a widely recognised symbol of the university. During its initial two decades as a modern institution, UTokyo benefited from the contributions of European and American scholars. In 1871, the Meiji Government made a decision about the direction of academic disciplines: engineering was to be learnt from

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3318-451: The first phase of development was completed at Kashiwa Campus. Situated in the suburb of Kashiwa , this research-focused campus spans 405,313 square metres (100 acres) and has been at the forefront of advanced scientific research since its inception. In 2010, in an attempt to further internationalise and diversify its student body, the university increased its autumn enrollment opportunities for international students. UTokyo plans to increase

3397-487: The foundation day of the university. All first-year students are matriculated at the College of Arts and Sciences at Komaba , which is a remnant of the time when the Komaba Campus served as the separate boarding school known as the First Higher School until 1949. There, they spend the first one and a half years of their degrees. Students are required to study a foreign language they have never learnt for at least

3476-660: The government, primarily through the Expense Management Grant (運営費交付金). Despite being a national university, this grant from the government has been consistently reduced, dropping from 95.5 billion yen in 2005 to 79.9 billion yen in 2022. A total of 81.2 billion yen (30.5%) was self-earned, through sources such as the university hospitals (54.7 billion yen) and academic fees (16.6 billion yen). The remainder, 91.7 billion yen (34.4%), came from external funding, such as research grants and endowments. Although research grants are primarily earned by research groups and not by

3555-702: The graduate schools affiliated with specific faculties, the University of Tokyo also includes two independent graduate institutions: the Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies and the Graduate School of Public Policy (GraSPP). Apart from the faculties and graduate schools, the University of Tokyo hosts eleven affiliated research institutes ( 附置研究所 ) . These institutes serve as research hubs in their respective fields, aiming to widely disseminate their findings for societal benefit. Simultaneously, they function as educational institutions for

3634-514: The graduate schools. UTokyo Institutes For Advanced Study (UTIAS) started in January 2011. Their primary objective is to improve academic excellence and foster an internationalised research environment. There are four UTIAS institutes as of November 2023: The University of Tokyo Library System consists of three comprehensive libraries located on the main campuses—Hongo, Komaba, and Kashiwa—along with 27 other field-specific libraries operated by various faculties and research institutes. As of 2024,

3713-492: The international student ratio significantly higher for postgraduate studies (31.32 per cent in November 2023). The University of Tokyo operates under a centralised administrative structure, with key policies set by the administrative council, which is chaired by the president. However, due to the university's historical development as a merger of various institutions, each of the constituent colleges, faculties, and research institutes maintains its own administrative board. Today,

3792-530: The junction of the Tōyoko Line and Ōimachi Line . There are numerous apparel stores, zakka stores, cafes and restaurants. Jiyūgaoka is often considered one of the most desirable places to live in Tokyo . The middle class demographic is also reflected in the concentration of private schools in the neighbourhood and the large number of after school juku . Jiyūgaoka has had its own newspaper since 1919. Jiyūgaoka

3871-456: The juniors to overnight orientation camps ( オリ合宿 , ori gasshuku ) in early April. Intense academic competition is common among students in the junior division, as they face matriculation to the senior division ( 進学選択 , shingaku sentaku , or colloquially shinfuri , 進振り ) in September of their second year, where they are assigned to departments based on their grades for the first one and

3950-510: The largest landowners in the country. The University of Tokyo traces its roots to three independent institutes founded during the Edo period (1603–1868). The oldest, a Shogun-funded Confucian school called Senseiden ( 先聖殿 ) , was founded in 1630 by Razan Hayashi in Ueno . This school was renamed the Shoheizaka Institute ( 昌平坂学問所 , Shoheizaka Gakumonjo ) and came to be operated directly by

4029-632: The late 2010s. It now features a 46-metre-deep automated underground storage capable of housing approximately 3 million books. The University of Tokyo Hospital is an academic health science centre operated by the Faculty of Medicine . The hospital finds its roots in the Kanda Otamagaike Vaccination Centre, established in 1858. It has 37 clinical examination rooms for a wide range of specialisations including Cardiovascular Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, among others. With

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4108-632: The most notable of which is the Kokasha ( 恒河沙 ). The Kokasha 's start-of-term issues include evaluations of lecturers by students from the previous year, and are widely read by students in the junior division to decide which modules to take at the beginning of terms. Additionally, there are several other relatively new student magazines, such as the biscUiT, the Todai Shimpo and the Komaba Times . Apart from those, student web media such as

4187-417: The name of the nearby station and thence the entire area, similarly to the neighboring stations of Toritsu-daigaku Station and Gakugei-daigaku Station (named for universities formerly located in the area). In 1929, the Ōimachi Line was opened and a new Kuhonbutsu Station ( 九品仏駅 , Kuhonbutsu eki ) was established about 800m west of the already existing Kuhonbutsu-mae Station. Kuhonbutsu-mae Station

4266-601: The new capital of the Tokugawa shogunate. Each statue had eyes of a different color. ( Mejiro , a district in Toshima ward, is named for the white-eyed Fudō-myōō). Four other special wards surround Meguro. They are Shibuya (to the northeast), Setagaya (to the west), Ōta (to the south), and Shinagawa (to the southeast). Meguro ward government is led by the city assembly with 36 elected members with current terms from May 1, 2011, to April 30, 2015. The chairman of

4345-572: The proportion of female faculty members to above a quarter by newly creating positions for 300 female lecturers by 2027. In 2021, the newly elected President Teruo Fujii announced the UTokyo Compass, a guiding framework for the university during his tenure, focusing on diversity, dialogue, and creating a better future. It emphasises the university's autonomy and creativity in a new era, advocating multifaceted perspectives on knowledge, people, and places. The Compass encourages dialogue throughout

4424-477: The purview of the University Museum (UMUT) . Apart from the aforementioned museums, the University of Tokyo operates several other public facilities, the most notable of which are two botanical gardens managed by the Faculty of Science : Koishikawa and Nikko. (research grants, endowments) In 2021-2022, the university had an income of 264.1 billion yen. Of this, 93.4 billion yen (35.1%) was funded by

4503-443: The role in April 2021 and is expected to serve until March 2027. The University of Tokyo's academic structure consists of 10 faculties and their affiliated graduate schools. This organisational structure, introduced as a result of reforms in the 1990s, aims to maximise the outcomes of education and research by integrating them across undergraduate and graduate levels, rather than maintaining separate focuses for each. In addition to

4582-651: The same year and are matriculated in April. The official acceptance rates for undergraduate degrees are relatively high, at around 30 per cent, which is due to the policy of restricting the number of students who can sit for the exam based on the scores from the Common Test. Additionally, Japan's university admission policy does not allow applicants to apply to multiple prestigious national universities, hence non-prospective students tend to switch to other national universities where they are more likely to secure admission. The matriculation ceremony takes place on 12 April,

4661-635: The scores from the Common Test, approximately three times the number of the final admission slots are invited to take the main examination in late February. Based on the idea that regardless of the field of specialisation, all students should have a solid understanding of mathematics and a good command of languages, mathematics, Japanese and one foreign language are compulsory for all applicants. For this examination, science candidates are tested in Advanced Mathematics, English, Japanese, and two science subjects. Humanities candidates take Mathematics,

4740-474: The station following in 1966. As of January 2013: 　Total　　　7,231 There is also a community bus, called "Thanks Nature Bus", which runs on tempura oil . The fuel for this bus, called VDF (vegetable diesel fuel), is an alternative fuel which is said to be "clean and environmentally friendly" purified and recycled oil, but there is still room for improvement. Meguro City Board of Education operates public elementary and junior high schools. Parts of each of

4819-467: The students start a new chapter of their university life there. The Hongo Campus is located closer to the centre of Tokyo, and has more restaurants, cafes, and large museums in the vicinity compared to Komaba. In addition to these, the campus itself has fifteen refectories and restaurants, nine cafes, nine convenience stores and kiosks, one bookshop, two barbershops, and an underground gym with two 25-metre pools. Graduation ceremonies take place towards

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4898-432: The three chome are zoned to Miyamae Elementary School ( 宮前小学校 ) and No. 10 Junior High School ( 第十中学校 ), while other parts of those chome are zoned to Midorigaoka Elementary School ( 緑ヶ丘小学校 ) and No. 11 Junior High School ( 第十一中学校 ). 35°36′27″N 139°40′07″E  /  35.60750°N 139.66861°E  / 35.60750; 139.66861 Meguro, Tokyo Meguro is predominantly residential in character, but

4977-480: The university and became the Faculty of Engineering . In 1886 , the university was renamed Imperial University, and it adopted the name Tokyo Imperial University in 1897 after the founding of the next imperial university , what is now Kyoto University . By 1888, all faculties had completed their relocation to the former site of the Tokyo house of the Maeda family in Hongo , where they continue to operate today. Among

5056-401: The university and society as a pivotal tool for understanding and questioning, fostering inclusivity, and tackling global challenges. In his announcement, he pledged to make UTokyo 'a university that anyone in the world would like to join'. The University of Tokyo's admission process ( 東大入試 , todai nyushi ) is regarded as the most selective in Japan and is almost synonymous with something that

5135-490: The university in 1929, shortly after the new library was completed. Prince Henry's visit marked the first Great Ball (大園遊会, Dai-Enyukai ) in several years, which is now known as the May Festival (五月祭, Gogatsusai ). A large portion of the buildings on Hongo Campus today were built during this reconstruction period, and their unique Collegiate Gothic style is known as Uchida Gothic ( 内田ゴシック ) after Yoshikazu Uchida ,

5214-606: The university purchased additional land in its vicinity, which was still owned by the Maeda family, and expanded there. The reconstruction of the university and its library was brought up in the fourth general assembly of the League of Nations in September 1923, where it was unanimously decided to provide support. The League is said to have been sympathetic especially because the memory of the destruction of KU Leuven in Belgium during

5293-507: The university's reliance on the grant and fostering greater independence, has been blamed as one of the main reasons for the decline in the university's competitiveness. To address these challenges, UTokyo has implemented various reforms. In 2004, the University of Tokyo Edge Capital Partners (UTEC) was established. This venture capital firm, affiliated with the university, supports entrepreneurship arising from UTokyo's research and development, aiming to drive innovation across society. In 2006,

5372-623: The university, and it has been in continuous operation up to today. In 1941, the Empire of Japan attacked the American bases at Pearl Harbor and joined the World War II as an Axis power alongside Germany . By late 1943, as Japan faced significant defeats in the Pacific theatre , a decision was made to enlist university students studying humanities, sending them to battlefields. During

5451-602: The university, the university can typically claim up to 30% of them for university operations, which is included in this number. The total assets of the university are valued at 1.47 trillion yen as of 31 March 2024. Land holdings make up the largest percentage of this figure, valued at 878 billion yen. UTokyo's endowment fund is relatively small, at 44 billion yen as of March 2023. This is because national universities in Japan, including UTokyo, were not allowed to invest in high-risk assets until 2018, so endowments were spent rather than invested until that point. The UTokyo Foundation

5530-406: The university. There are four university dormitories available for undergraduate students: Mitaka, Toshima, Oiwake and Mejirodai. In 2021, approximately five per cent of the undergraduate students lived in one of the university dormitories. The university offers more options for international students, with on-campus dormitories available for them at Komaba and Kashiwa. The Todai Shimbun ( 東大新聞 )

5609-466: The war for engineers, especially in the fields of aeronautics, machinery, electronics, and shipbuilding, led to the establishment of the Second Faculty of Engineering ( 第二工学部 ) at UTokyo in 1942. In the newly built Chiba Campus, around 800 students were enrolled at one time, and pivotal military engineering research activities were conducted. It was closed in 1951, and as a successor organisation,

5688-488: The war, 1,652 students and alumni of UTokyo were killed, including those from varied civilian professions such as doctors, engineers, and diplomats, as well as those killed in action. They are commemorated in a memorial erected near the front gate of the Hongo Campus. Most students from faculties of engineering and science remained at university or worked as apprentice engineers, as the expertise of science and technology

5767-484: The world, and in the future it may struggle to provide a suitable environment for quality education and world-class research. UTokyo faces a challenging reality. Japan's long-lasting economic downturn since the 1990s has led to Japanese companies less willing to invest in research and development than before. Additionally, the government's Management Expense Grant ( 運営費交付金 ) has been reduced by one per cent annually since 2004. This policy, ostensibly aimed at decreasing

5846-689: The world, including the Anti-Vietnam War protests and the May 68 events in France. This zeitgeist of the era was prominently felt in Japan as well, symbolised by the 1960 Anpo protests , in which the death of a UTokyo student, Michiko Kamba , caused public outrage. In 1968, the University of Tokyo Struggles ( 東大紛争 , Tōdai Funsō ) began with medical students demanding improvements in internship conditions, in which medical students were forced to work long hours without being paid before being licensed as

5925-647: Was also shared among students, exemplified by the labour movement organisation the UTokyo Association of New People (Tōdai Shinjin-kai, 新人会 ) and the UTokyo Settlement (Tōdai Settlement, 東大セツルメント ). However, strong reactions against these liberal and socialist ideas also emerged at the university, notably from Shinkichi Uesugi , who mentored and greatly influenced three future prime ministers among his students at UTokyo: Nobusuke Kishi , Eisaku Satō , and Takeo Fukuda . On 1 September 1923,

6004-596: Was deemed indispensable for the war effort. Leo Esaki , who was a student at the department of physics during the war, shared his memory of his university life in 2007: 'The day after the Tokyo Air Raid of 9 March 1945 , during which more than 100 thousand citizens were killed, professor Tanaka conducted class as usual, without mentioning the war at all'. The buildings and facilities of UTokyo were largely immune from air raids, allowing education and research activities to continue. The increased demand brought about by

6083-427: Was further retitled Tokyo Imperial University ( 東京帝國大學 , Tōkyō teikoku daigaku ) to distinguish it from other imperial universities established later. It served under this name until the official dissolution of the Empire of Japan in 1947, when it reverted to its original name. Today, the university consists of 10 faculties , 15 graduate schools , and 11 affiliated research institutes. As of 2023, it has

6162-486: Was largely rural until the late 1920s, when rail service commenced. On 28 August 1927, Kuhonbutsu-mae Station ( 九品仏前駅 , Kuhonbutsu-mae eki ) was established on the Tōyoko Line . In the same year, Jiyūgaoka-gakuen High School was opened. The school name, 自由ヶ丘学園高等学校 , literally "Liberal Hill Academy", due to its liberal education (part of the Taishō period liberal education movement; see 大正自由教育運動 ), later gave rise to

6241-403: Was renamed to Jiyūgaoka Station around the same time. The "Jiyūgaoka" name was formally adopted for addresses in the area in 1932. Following World War II , the area grew quickly as a suburb of Tokyo, with its central business district taking its current form around the 1970s. The spelling of the area was changed from the original 自由ヶ丘 to the current 自由が丘 (replacing the small ke ) in 1965, with

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