Misplaced Pages

#47952

26-595: The mission of the Jožef Stefan Institute is the accumulation and dissemination of knowledge at the frontiers of natural science and technology for the benefit of society at large through the pursuit of education, learning, research, and development of high technology at the highest international levels of excellence. The institute was founded by the State Security Administration (Yugoslavia) in 1949 for atomic weapons research. Initially,

52-541: A major part of the Yugoslav intelligence services from 1946 to 1991, and was primarily responsible for internal state security . After 1946 the UDBA underwent numerous security and intelligence changes due to topical issues at that time, including: fighting gangs; protection of the economy; Cominform / Informbiro ; and bureaucratic aspirations. In 1945 and 1946, for instance, the UDBA was organized into districts. In 1950, when

78-680: Is involved in a wide variety of fields of scientific and economic interest. After close to 60 years of scientific achievement, the institute has become part of the image of Slovenia . Over the last 60 years it has created a number of important institutions, such as the University of Nova Gorica , the Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School and the Ljubljana Technology park. The institute has facilities in two locations. The main facilities and

104-526: The Directorate for State Security , was the secret police organization of Communist Yugoslavia . It was at all times best known by the acronym UDBA , which is derived from the organization's original name in the Serbo-Croatian language : " Uprava državne bezbednosti " ("Directorate for State Security"). The acronyms SDB (Serbian) or SDS (Croatian) were used officially after the organization

130-794: The Vinča Nuclear Institute in Belgrade was established in 1948, followed by the Ruđer Bošković Institute in Zagreb in 1950 and the Jožef Stefan Institute as an Institute for Physics in the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts . It is named after the distinguished 19th century physicist Josef Stefan ( Slovene : Jožef Stefan ), best known for his work on the Stefan–Boltzmann law of black-body radiation. IJS

156-518: The breakup of Yugoslavia , the breakaway republics went on to form their own secret police agencies, while the Serbian State Security Directorate kept its UDBA-like name. From its founding in 1946, the secret police organization originally held the name "Directorate for State Security". In Yugoslavia the predominant administrative language on the federal level was the Serbo-Croatian language , and more specifically

182-517: The "domestic field" (dealing with the "bourgeois right wing", clericalists, and student movements) began leaving the service. Conflict was increasing, and SDB archives were being systematically destroyed. In its search for new roles, the SDBs also began to limit information they were sending to the SSDB. They ultimately restricted their information to foreign intelligence services. Along with the weakening of

208-687: The 2030s. The Central Radioactive Waste Storage of Slovenia is co-located at the institute's reactor facility. This facility is used for storage of the low and intermediate level solid radioactive waste from the Podgorica Reactor Center and other, non-institute small waste producers such as medical, research, and industrial applications of ionising radiation. 46°2′32.29″N 14°29′15.97″E  /  46.0423028°N 14.4877694°E  / 46.0423028; 14.4877694 State Security Administration (Yugoslavia) The State Security Service , also known by its original name as

234-783: The Brioni Plenum (1966), liberal flareups and massive leftist student demonstrations in Belgrade in 1968 , Hrvatsko proljeće ( Croatian Spring ) or "MASPOK" (mass movement) in Croatia in 1971, a nationalist incursion of the Bugojno group in the Raduša area (1972), and a revival of nationalism in Yugoslav republics. The most significant event abroad was the invasion of the Warsaw Pact troops of Czechoslovakia in 1968. These were

260-532: The SSDB position, attempts were made by the Yugoslav People's Army Security Service or KOS to strengthen its own strongholds in the different republics and in the individual SDBs. The attempts failed because they depended upon cadres of other nationalities still employed in the SDBs but who had no access to data bases and had no decision-making power due to their "Yugoslav" orientation. Recently released files contain information on one million citizens of

286-521: The Serbian variant thereof: therein the name was Uprava državne bezbednosti ("Управа државне безбедности" in the coequal Cyrillic script ). From this was derived the acronym "UDB", or, less formally and accurately: "UDBA". "UDBA" (pronounced as a single word and not an acronym), was the most common colloquial name for the organization throughout its history. After 20 years, in 1966, with the political downfall of its hardliner chief, Aleksandar Ranković ,

SECTION 10

#1732790529048

312-792: The Socialist Republic of Slovenia and other former Yugoslav republics, whose files the UDBA in Slovenia kept records. In 2003 and 2010, it was possible to see the names of the UDBA agents in Slovenia, some of whom are still active in the Slovenian Military and the Ministry of Interior, at the website udba.net. The government of Slovenia promptly demanded the removal of pages from the website, so they are currently not accessible. BIA History Dragi%C5%A1a Ka%C5%A1ikovi%C4%87 Too Many Requests If you report this error to

338-655: The UDBA was a feared tool of control. It is alleged that the UDBA was responsible for the "eliminations" of thousands of enemies of the state within Yugoslavia and internationally (estimates about 200 assassinations and kidnappings). Eliminations vary from those of World War II Ustaše Croat leaders Vjekoslav Luburić in Spain , to Croatian emigrant writer Bruno Bušić and Bosnian emigrant writer Dragiša Kašiković , although war criminals have to be distinguished from those assassinated only for dissent or political reasons. With

364-598: The act on internal affairs. The role of intelligence and security changed after 1986, when a different mentality reigned within the Party and the processes of democratization were initiated. Intelligence security agencies came under attack, and many people started publicly writing about and criticizing the SDB. The party organization was abolished in the SDB and the first attempts to introduce parliamentary control began. The first democratic multi party elections in 1990, which enhanced

390-446: The administrative-territorial units were abolished as authorities, the UDBA was reorganized again. During this period the intelligence and security activities concentrated less on intelligence and more on internal security. There was an emphasis on collectivism , brotherhood, social harmony, loyalty, and tolerance towards those with different views. Deviation from this set of values became an immediate issue for security services. Later,

416-498: The circumstances at the time the first act on internal affairs of the individual republics was adopted in 1967. According to this act, internal affairs were handled directly by the municipal administrative bodies and the secretariats of internal affairs of each republic or by their provincial bodies. This was the first time since 1945 that republics gained control and greater influence over their individual security organs and intelligence security services. The State Security Service (SDB)

442-488: The federal level) and control commissions established. New regulations were issued, strengthening the independent initiative of the state security services of the six Yugoslav republics and the autonomous provinces. The SDB was deprived of executive functions and entrusted with identifying and preventing hostile activities. The Act on Internal Affairs and the Decree on Organization of State Internal Affairs Secretariat regulated

468-435: The following manner: One of the first successful actions of UDBA was operation Gvardijan , that denied Božidar Kavran the chance to infiltrate ex-Ustasha groups in order to start an uprising against Yugoslavia, eventually capturing Kavran himself. From 1963 to 1974, security intelligence services dealt with a series of domestic and foreign political events. At home, there were political confrontations both before and after

494-542: The headquarters are on Jamova 39 in Ljubljana , the other location is the institute's Podgorica Reactor Center located in Brinje, Dol pri Ljubljani near Ljubljana. The institute's Podgorica Reactor Center is home to a pool type research reactor . The General Atomics TRIGA Mark II reactor is rated for a nominal 250 kW thermal. The reactor was first licensed in 1966 and is expected to continue operation at least into

520-549: The intelligence security authority as the prerogative of the State Security Directorate within the Ministry of the Interior. The following reorganization addressed issues relating to the competence of the federation (state security, cross-border traffic, foreign citizens, passports, introduction and dissemination of foreign press, and federal citizenship). Intelligence and security activity was organized in

546-510: The organization was renamed to the "State Security Service", which (in the Serbian variant of Serbo-Croatian) is Služba državne bezbednosti (Служба државне безбедности), with the corresponding acronym SDB. Even though that would be its name for the remaining 28 years of Yugoslavia's existence, it never stopped being mainly known as "(the) UDBA". Even after it was (at least formally) decentralized in 1967 into 8 semi-independent organizations each answering to an individual federal entity. UDBA formed

SECTION 20

#1732790529048

572-523: The process of democratization, reverberated within the Federal Secretariat of Internal Affairs (SSUP) and Federal State Security Service (SSDB), which were fighting to maintain control over the individual SDBs in the republics, which became increasingly disunited. They were still legally connected to the federal bodies, but were becoming aware that they operated and worked in their particular republic. Some professional cadres, especially those in

598-662: The transformation of the state administration, adoption of the Federal Act on State Administration (1978), and the Republic Act (1978). The newly adopted act on internal affairs tasked the Republic Secretariat of Internal Affairs (RSUP) with state security issues, which then became RSUP issues and were no longer given special handling "at the RSUP". This resolution remained in force until the 1991 modifications of

624-565: The use of force was mitigated and when the process of "decentralization of people's power" began, intelligence and security services underwent further reorganization in order to decentralise power and increase effectiveness. At the plenum of the Central Committee in July 1966, the political leadership accused the SDB of hindering reforms towards self-administration. As a result, the SDB was decentralized, its personnel reduced (especially on

650-503: Was defined by law as a professional service within the Republic Secretariat of Internal Affairs (RSUP). Naturally, most of its competence remained within federal institutions, as prescribed by the Act on Handling Internal Affairs Under Competence of Federal Administrative Bodies (1971), which determined that the federal secretariat of internal affairs would coordinate the work of the SDB in the republics and provinces. Further steps were taken with

676-422: Was renamed into "State Security Service". In its latter decades it was composed of eight semi-independent secret police organizations—one for each of the six Yugoslav federal republics and two for the autonomous provinces—coordinated by the central federal headquarters in the capital of Belgrade . Although it operated with more restraint than secret police agencies in the communist states of Eastern Europe ,

#47952