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24-455: It is one of the seventeen Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto which have been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site . In 1601, Tokugawa Ieyasu , the founder of the Tokugawa shogunate , ordered all the feudal lords in western Japan to contribute to the construction of Nijō Castle, which was completed during the reign of his grandson Tokugawa Iemitsu in 1626. While the castle

48-630: A five-story keep, destroyed by a fire in 1750. The inner walls surround the Inner Ward, which contain Honmaru ("Inner Ward") Palace with its garden. Ninomaru ("Second Ward") Palace, the kitchens, guard house and several gardens are located in the Outer Ward, between the two main rings of fortifications. The 3,300-square-meter (36,000-square-foot) Ninomaru Palace ( 二の丸御殿 , Ninomaru Goten ) consists of six connected separate main buildings and

72-656: Is an excellent example of social control manifested in architectural space. Low-ranking visitors were received in the outer regions of the Ninomaru, whereas high-ranking visitors were shown the more subtle inner chambers. Rather than attempt to conceal the entrances to the rooms for bodyguards (as was done in many castles), the Tokugawas chose to display them prominently. Thus, the construction lent itself to expressing intimidation and power to Edo-period visitors. The building houses several different reception chambers, offices and

96-511: Is built almost entirely of Hinoki cypress . The decoration includes lavish quantities of gold leaf and elaborate wood carvings, intended to impress visitors with the power and wealth of the shōguns . The sliding doors and walls of each room are decorated with wall paintings by artists of the Kanō school . The six main buildings have National Treasure Status, and other buildings in the palace complex have Important Cultural Property status. The castle

120-575: Is late Edo period . The palace displays paintings by several famous masters, such as Kanō Eigaku  [ ja ] . Honmaru Palace was originally similar to Ninomaru Palace. The original structures were replaced by the present structures between 1893 and 1894, by moving one part of the former Katsura Palace within the Kyoto Imperial Enclosure (Kyoto Gyoen, the enclosure surrounding the Kyoto Imperial Palace ) to

144-547: Is not actually intentional, stemming rather from the movement of nails against clumps in the floor caused by wear and tear over the years". Legend has it that the squeaking floors were used as a security device, assuring that no one could sneak through the corridors undetected. The English name "nightingale" refers to the Japanese bush warbler , or uguisu , which is a common songbird in Japan. Uguisu ( 鶯 or 鴬 ) refers to

168-512: The Japanese bush warbler. The latter segment bari ( 張り ) comes from haru ( 張る ) , which can be used to mean "to lay/board (flooring)", as in the expression yukaita wo haru (床板を張る) meaning "to board a/the floor". The verb haru becomes nominalized as hari and voiced through rendaku to become bari . In this form it refers to the method of boarding, as in other words like herinbōnbari (ヘリンボーン張り), which refers to flooring laid in

192-422: The Japanese government as National Treasures , 160 properties designated as Important Cultural Properties , eight gardens designated as Special Places of Scenic Beauty , and four designated as Places of Scenic Beauty . UNESCO listed the site as World Heritage in 1994. Kyoto has a substantial number of historic buildings, unlike other Japanese cities that lost buildings to foreign invasions and war; and has

216-672: The Ninomaru Palace, in the Outer Ward, was the stage for the declaration by Tokugawa Yoshinobu , returning the authority to the Imperial Court (大政奉還). In 1868 the Imperial Cabinet was installed in the castle. The palace became imperial property and was declared a detached palace. During this time, the Tokugawa hollyhock crest was removed wherever possible and replaced with the imperial chrysanthemum . In 1939,

240-719: The Sotetsu-no-ma (Japanese fern-palm chamber). The rear sections are the Kuroshoin (Inner Audience Chamber) and Shiroshoin ( shōgun ' s living quarters). The main access to the Ninomaru is through the karamon , a court and the mi-kurumayose or "honourable carriages approach". Honmaru Palace ( 本丸御殿 , Honmaru Goten ) has a surface area of 1,600 square meters (17,000 square feet). The complex has four parts: living quarters, reception and entertainment rooms, entrance halls and kitchen area. The different areas are connected by corridors and courtyards. The architectural style

264-487: The atomic bomb target list by the personal intervention of Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson , as Stimson wanted to save this cultural center which he knew from a diplomatic visit in 1926. As a result, Nagasaki was then added as a target. The 17 properties of the World Heritage Site originate from a period between the 10th century and the 19th century, and each is representative of the period in which it

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288-559: The capital city, but Kyoto continued to be the home of the Imperial Court . Kyoto Imperial Palace is located north-east of Nijō Castle. The central keep, or tenshu , was struck by lightning and burned to the ground in 1750. In 1788, the Inner Ward was destroyed by a citywide fire. The site remained empty until it was replaced by a prince's residence transferred from the Kyoto Imperial Palace in 1893. In 1867,

312-566: The city of Kyoto and its immediate vicinity. In 794, the Japanese imperial family moved the capital to Heian-kyō. The locations are in three cities: Kyoto and Uji in Kyoto Prefecture ; and Ōtsu in Shiga Prefecture ; Uji and Ōtsu border Kyoto to the south and north, respectively. Of the monuments, 13 are Buddhist temples, three are Shinto shrines , and one is a castle . The properties include 38 buildings designated by

336-490: The complex, as a facility for the reception of official guests of Kyoto and as a venue for cultural events. Seiryū-en has two tea houses and more than 1,000 carefully arranged stones. 35°0′51″N 135°44′51″E  /  35.01417°N 135.74750°E  / 35.01417; 135.74750 Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto The UNESCO World Heritage Site Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities) encompasses 17 locations in Japan within

360-504: The floor. However, the design of the palace buildings do contain defensive features; for example, some of the rooms in the castle also contained special doors where the shogun's bodyguard could sneak out to protect him. The room sequence starting at the entrance is: The Ōhiroma (Great Hall) is the central core of the Ninomaru Palace and consists of four chambers: as well as the Musha-kakushi-no-ma (Bodyguards' Chamber) and

384-581: The gate was first moved to Nijō castle , and then to the Konchi-in in Nanzen-ji . It was finally relocated to Toyokuni shrine in 1876 after the Meiji Restoration . Nijō Castle has two concentric rings of fortifications, each consisting of a wall and a wide moat. The outer wall has three gates, while the inner wall has two. In the southwest corner of the inner wall, there are foundations of

408-546: The hallways of some temples and palaces, the most famous example being Nijō Castle , in Kyoto , Japan . Dry boards naturally creak under pressure, but these floors were built in a way that the flooring nails rub against a jacket or clamp, causing chirping noises. It is unclear if the design was intentional. It seems that, at least initially, the effect arose by chance. An information sign in Nijō castle states that "The singing sound

432-517: The inner ward of Nijō Castle, as part of the systematic clearing of the disused residences and palaces in the Imperial Enclosure after the Imperial Court moved to Tokyo in 1869. In its original location, the palace had 55 buildings, but only a small part was relocated. In 1928 the enthronement banquet of Emperor Hirohito was held here. The castle area has several gardens and groves of cherry and Japanese plum trees. The Ninomaru garden

456-411: The largest concentration of designated Cultural Properties in Japan. Although ravaged by wars, fires, and earthquakes during its eleven centuries as the imperial capital , Kyoto was spared from much of the destruction and danger of World War II. It was saved from the nearly universal firebombing of large cities in Japan in part to preserve it as the primary atomic bomb target. It was later removed from

480-426: The living quarters of the shōgun , where only female attendants were allowed. One of the most striking features of the Ninomaru Palace are the " nightingale floors " ( uguisubari ) in the corridors that make a chirping sound when walked upon. These are often incorrectly described as a feature to alert the presence of intruders, but it is actually just caused by clamps moving against nails in the wooden beams that support

504-399: The palace was donated to the city of Kyoto and opened to the public the following year. In the 21st century, typhoons have periodically caused sections of plaster to peel off the walls after exposure to rain and wind. It is generally believed that the karamon gate of Toyokuni shrine was originally built for Hideyoshi 's Fushimi castle in 1598. When the castle was dismantled in 1623,

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528-432: Was being built, a portion of land from the partially abandoned Shinsenen Garden (originally part of the imperial palace and located south) was absorbed, and its abundant water was used in the castle gardens and ponds. Parts of Fushimi Castle , such as the main tower and the karamon , were moved here in 1625–26. Nijo Castle was built as the Kyoto residence of the Tokugawa shōguns . The Tokugawa shogunate used Edo as

552-549: Was built. The historical importance of the Kyoto region was taken into account by the UNESCO in the selection process. The table lists information about each of the 17 listed properties of the World Heritage Site listing: Download coordinates as: Nightingale floor Nightingale floors ( 鴬張り or 鶯張り , uguisubari ) listen are floors that make a chirping sound when walked upon. These floors were used in

576-400: Was designed by the landscape architect and tea master Kobori Enshū . It is located between the two main rings of fortifications, next to the palace of the same name. The garden has a large pond with three islands and features numerous carefully placed stones and topiary pine trees. The Seiryū-en garden is the most recent part of Nijō Castle. It was constructed in 1965 in the northern part of

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