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Corning Museum of Glass

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67-612: The Corning Museum of Glass is a museum in Corning, New York in the United States, dedicated to the art, history, and science of glass. It was founded in 1951 by Corning Glass Works and currently has a collection of more than 50,000 glass objects, some over 3,500 years old. The Corning Museum of Glass (CMOG) is a not-for-profit museum dedicated to glass , first created as the Corning Glass Center, in 1951. It

134-454: A "community engagement system" that "combines the power of customer relationship management, marketing, and analytics with ILS functions". OCLC began offering Wise to libraries in the United States in 2019. In January 2015, OCLC acquired Sustainable Collection Services (SCS). SCS offered consulting services based on analyzing library print collection data to help libraries manage and share materials. In 2017, OCLC acquired Relais International,

201-483: A Republican. Corning is in the 136th Assembly District, represented by Phil Palmesano , also a Republican. Democrat Joseph Nasser served for many years as Corning's mayor, and the Nasser Civic Center , headquarters of city government, bears his name. On November 6, 2007, Tom Reed , the head of the city's Republican Party, was elected. He completed his two-year term on December 31, 2009. Richard Negri

268-593: A broad range of purposes and business models." OCLC has collaborated with the Wikimedia Foundation and the Wikimedia volunteer community, through integrating library metadata with Wikimedia projects, hosting a Wikipedian in residence , and doing a national training program through WebJunction called "Misplaced Pages + Libraries: Better Together". OCLC's WorldCat database is used by the general public and by librarians for cataloging and research. WorldCat

335-493: A cooperative of participating global libraries, was acquired by Springshare from OCLC in 2019 and migrated to Springshare's LibAnswers platform. OCLC commercially sells software, such as: OCLC has been conducting research for the library community for more than 30 years. In accordance with its mission, OCLC makes its research outcomes known through various publications. These publications, including journal articles, reports, newsletters, and presentations, are available through

402-489: A full ban on public water fluoridation in 2008. In 2013, Rand McNally's list of best small towns in America named Corning the "Most Fun" town out of all the list's finalists. The first settlement in the town of Corning was made near the site of the future city in 1796. The community was incorporated as a village in 1848. Corning was incorporated as a city in 1890. As the glass industry developed, Corning became known as

469-612: A grade 9-14 program on their campus. Public elementary schools include: Public middle schools include: Public high schools include: Private schools in Corning include: Higher education in Corning includes: Corning has three sister cities , as designated by Sister Cities International : Online Computer Library Center OCLC, Inc. , doing business as OCLC , is an American nonprofit cooperative organization "that provides shared technology services, original research, and community programs for its membership and

536-428: A language other than English at home. In 2000, there were 4,996 households, out of which 26.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.6% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.6% were non-families. 40.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

603-544: A library interlibrary loan service provider based in Ottawa, Canada. A more complete list of mergers and acquisitions is available on the OCLC website. In May 2008, OCLC was criticized by Jeffrey Beall for monopolistic practices, among other faults. Library blogger Rick Mason responded that although he thought Beall had some "valid criticisms" of OCLC, he demurred from some of Beall's statements and warned readers to "beware

670-475: A manufacturer of glass and ceramic products for industrial, scientific and technical uses. Corning is roughly equidistant from New York City and Toronto , being about 220 miles (350 km) from both. The city of Corning is situated at the western edge of the town of Corning and in the southeast part of Steuben County . It is also home to the Corning Museum of Glass , which houses one of

737-412: A new addition, which was opened on May 28, 1980. The Studio opened for classes in 1996. The museum was renovated in 2001, with exhibitions designed by Ralph Appelbaum Associates . In 2012, the museum again expanded, with a redesign by Thomas Phifer . The Contemporary Art + Design Wing opened on March 20, 2015. In 2015, Karol Wight was appointed president and executive director of the museum. She

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804-800: A peak of 307,151 tons hauled in one year. After the Civil War, an industrial boom occurred in the region. Ingersoll Rand opened during this period in Painted Post , just north of Corning. Corning became a railroad town in the 1880s, many smaller railroad lines busily weaving webs of tracks connecting the major trunk line to smaller communities. In 1912, the Corning train wreck three miles east of Corning in Gibson left 39 dead. The Jenning's Tavern , Corning Armory , Market Street Historic District , Southside Historic District , World War Memorial Library , and United States Post Office are listed on

871-512: A range of glass topics. It hosts The Rakow Research Library, which houses a collection of materials on the art and history of glass and glassmaking, and is open to the public. The Rakow Research Library, founded as part of the CMOG in 1951, is a public institution that houses a comprehensive collection of materials on the art and history of glass and glassmaking. The library collection ranges from medieval manuscripts to original works of art on paper to

938-777: A subscription to one of many qualifying OCLC products (previously institutions qualified for membership by "contributing intellectual content or participating in global resource or reference sharing"), with the exception of for-profit organizations that are part of OCLC's partner program. This change reflected OCLC's expanding number of services due to its corporate acquisitions . The following people served successively as president of OCLC: OCLC provides bibliographic , abstract and full-text information to anyone. OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat —the OCLC Online Union Catalog,

1005-449: A two-year program. In June 1972, Hurricane Agnes severely damaged the museum. A case holding 600 rare books was tipped over, and the books were covered by mud and shards of glass panes. Half of the entire library collection was damaged in the flood, and according to Martin and Edwards, 528 of the museum's 13,000 objects had sustained damage. During the extensive recovery efforts, the library occupied an abandoned Acme grocery store across

1072-601: Is a division of OCLC funded by grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation beginning in 2003. OCLC partnered with search engine providers in 2003 to advocate for libraries and share information across the Internet landscape. Google, Yahoo! , and Ask.com all collaborated with OCLC to make WorldCat records searchable through those search engines. OCLC's advocacy campaign "Geek the Library", started in 2009, highlights

1139-489: Is also curator of ancient and Islamic glass at the museum. In December 2023, the museum opened The Wendell Weeks & Kim Frock Residency Center, an expansion of The Studio from 24,000 square feet (2,200 m) to 60,000 square feet (5,600 m). The expansion provides space for artists and students for short and long-term residency. The Residency Center also hosts the Glassmaking Institute, which offers

1206-487: Is available to the public for searching via a subscription web-based service called FirstSearch, to which many libraries subscribe, as well as through the publicly available WorldCat.org. OCLC assigns a unique control number (referred to as an "OCN" for "OCLC Control Number") to each new bibliographic record in WorldCat. Numbers are assigned serially, and in mid-2013 over a billion OCNs had been created. In September 2013,

1273-546: Is elected from each of the eight wards. The Corning-Painted Post (Consists of the City of Corning, and the Village of Painted Post ) School District currently has six public elementary schools, one public middle school, and one public high school located in the greater Corning area. In 2010 a referendum was passed that reconfigured the school district's secondary schools; both of the previous middle schools combined and moved into

1340-467: Is included in the cost of admission. At each demonstration, the glassmaker takes a glob of molten glass and shapes it into vases, bowls, or sculptures. Throughout the demonstration, a narrator describes the process, and cameras give viewers a close-up look into the furnaces where the glass is heated. The show gives viewers a look into an ancient Roman technique that is still used today for glass making. Each show lasts between 20 and 40 minutes. The museum takes

1407-590: The National Register of Historic Places . The flood of 1972 was a major event for the area. On June 22, 1972, the storm that had been Hurricane Agnes struck the Southern Tier of New York. The storm combined with a storm system from Ohio to drop six to eight inches (203 mm) of rain in the Chemung River basin. This ultimately overwhelmed the flood control systems of the time, and

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1474-1209: The Society of American Archivists , the Open Archives Initiative , the Institute for Museum and Library Services , the International Organization for Standardization , the National Information Standards Organization , the World Wide Web Consortium , the Internet Engineering Task Force , and Internet2 . One of the most successful contributions to this effort was the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, "an open forum of libraries, archives, museums, technology organizations, and software companies who work together to develop interoperable online metadata standards that support

1541-399: The census of 2010, there were 11,183 people in 5,114 households residing in the city. The population density was 3,626.1 inhabitants per square mile (1,400.0/km ). There were 5,519 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 91.8% White , 3.2% Black or African American , 0.3% Native American , 1.8% Asian , Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.4% of the population. 4.1% speak

1608-411: The "Crystal City" which was supported by companies such as Hawkes, Sinclair, and Hunt - which produced some of the finest American Brilliant Period cut glass between 1880 and 1915. The Corning area's first real industry was lumber . The first settlers used the area's river systems to transport logs and finished lumber in fleets downstream to buyers. This gave rise to large mills which helped to develop

1675-516: The CMOG, the Rakow Commission supports the development of new works of art in glass. This program, which provides $ 25,000 each year, is made possible through the late Dr. and Mrs. Leonard S. Rakow, who were museum fellows and benefactors of the museum. Each commissioned work is added to the museum's collection and is displayed publicly for the first time during the annual seminar. Visitors can watch live glassmaking, or learn to make glass at

1742-499: The Chemung River broke through the dam system on Friday, June 23 at 4:00 a.m. By 9:00 a.m. the river crested and began to recede. In the Corning area, eighteen people were killed and untold millions of dollars of damage was incurred. The river receded within hours, leaving mud which can still be found in basements of homes and businesses in Corning, and there is a section of the Corning Museum of Glass that indicates on

1809-553: The Contemporary Glass Gallery. The museum's Ben W. Heineman Sr. Gallery of Contemporary Glass focuses on vessels, objects, sculptures, and installations made by international artists from 1975 to 2010. The purpose of the gallery is to show the different ways in which glass is used in art, craft, and design. The gallery is named for the Ben W. Heineman Sr. family, who donated a major collection of contemporary glass to

1876-804: The Hot Glass Show on the road, bringing the demonstration to the public, designers, and other museums in the US and abroad. GlassLab is the design program at the museum. GlassLab's focus on material and process aims to help designers and artists realize new forms, functions and meanings for glass. The program is by invitation only and provides designers with access to explore concepts in glass. GlassLab designers come from various disciplines, such as product, graphic, and fashion design. In public "design performances" or private workshops, designers and glassmakers collaborate and prototype design concepts. The museum actively researches, publishes, and provides lectures about

1943-729: The Netherlands and which was renamed "OCLC" at the end of 2007. In July 2006, the Research Libraries Group (RLG) merged with OCLC. On January 11, 2008, OCLC announced that it had purchased EZproxy . It has also acquired OAIster . The process started in January 2009 and from October 31, 2009, OAIster records are freely available via WorldCat.org. In 2013, OCLC acquired the Dutch library automation company HKA and its integrated library system Wise, which OCLC calls

2010-521: The OCLC declared these numbers to be in the public domain , removing a perceived barrier to widespread use of OCNs outside OCLC itself. The control numbers link WorldCat's records to local library system records by providing a common reference key for a record across libraries. OCNs are particularly useful as identifiers for books and other bibliographic materials that do not have ISBNs (e.g., books published before 1970). OCNs are often used as identifiers for Misplaced Pages and Wikidata . In October 2013, it

2077-679: The Romans, Glass in the Islamic World, Early Northern European Glass, The Rise of Venetian Glassmaking, Glass in 17th–19th Century Europe, 19th Century European Glass, Asian Glass, Glass in America, Corning: From Farm Town to "Crystal City", Paperweights of the World and Modern Glass. In addition to these galleries, there is the Jerome and Lucille Strauss Study Gallery, Frederick Carder Gallery, Ben W. Heineman Sr. Gallery of Contemporary Glass, and

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2144-570: The United States. As OCLC expanded services in the United States outside Ohio, it relied on establishing strategic partnerships with "networks", organizations that provided training, support and marketing services. By 2008, there were 15 independent United States regional service providers. OCLC networks played a key role in OCLC governance, with networks electing delegates to serve on the OCLC Members Council. During 2008, OCLC commissioned two studies to look at distribution channels; at

2211-609: The VIAF Council composed of representatives of institutions that contribute data to VIAF. VIAF numbers are broadly used as standard identifiers, including in Misplaced Pages. OCLC acquired NetLibrary , a provider of electronic books and textbooks, in 2002 and sold it in 2010 to EBSCO Industries . OCLC owns 100% of the shares of OCLC PICA , a library automation systems and services company which has its headquarters in Leiden in

2278-626: The area's long-serving U.S. congressman, was a moderate Republican . While the Town of Corning and surrounding areas are reliably Republican, the City of Corning leans Democratic, voting for both Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton in recent presidential elections. Corning is in New York's 23rd congressional district , which is currently represented by Republican Nick Langworthy . It is in New York's 53rd Senate District, represented by Tom O'Mara ,

2345-462: The area. Rafting of lumber began to wane as timber was depleted. At one time the mills of the Corning area were reputed to be among the biggest in the world. After the lumber was depleted the great mills moved north to new forests. East, across the Chemung River from Corning, lies Gibson , the site of a feeder canal for the Chemung Canal system. Some of Corning's early prosperity came from

2412-639: The articles of incorporation for the nonprofit organization and hired Frederick G. Kilgour , a former Yale University medical school librarian, as first executive director. Kilgour and Ralph H. Parker, who was the head of libraries at the University of Missouri , had proposed the shared cataloging system in a 1965 report as consultants to the Committee of Librarians of the Ohio College Association. Kilgour and Parker wished to merge

2479-480: The city from the south and County Road 41 from the north. Interstate 99 and U.S. Route 15 proceeds southward from Painted Post, west of Corning. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 3.3 square miles (8.5 km ), of which, 3.1 square miles (8.1 km ) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.4 km ) of it (5.18%) is water. As of

2546-562: The city was $ 32,780, and the median income for a family was $ 46,674. Males had a median income of $ 39,805 versus $ 27,489 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 22,056. About 9.1% of families and 13.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 18.4% of those under age 18 and 3.8% of those age 65 or over. In 2010, 20.4% were below the poverty line. Most local officials are Republicans . The Corning area typically votes Republican, though some outsiders have deemed its constituents "moderate" Republicans. Amo Houghton ,

2613-492: The feeder canal system exposure. Canal cargoes from Corning included soft coal , timber , tobacco , grain , and whiskey . From April 22 to December 11, 1850, the canal season that year, the newspaper reported that 1,116 boats left the port of Corning. Tolls for the year totaled $ 54,060.39. Among items shipped were 46,572,400 pounds of coal. The canal's best peacetime year was 1854 when 270,978 tons of freight were hauled. The Civil War brought an abnormal amount of business, with

2680-520: The former "West High School" building while both of the high schools combined at the former "East High School" campus. This reconfiguration / building project was finished by the beginning of the 2014–2015 school year. In addition to the public and private school options, the Corning-Painted Post District also partners with a regional P-Tech school (known as "The Greater Southern Tier STEM Academy") and sends selected students to

2747-482: The hyperbole and the personal nature of his criticism, for they strongly overshadow that which is worth stating". In November 2008, the Board of Directors of OCLC unilaterally issued a new Policy for Use and Transfer of WorldCat Records that would have required member libraries to include an OCLC policy note on their bibliographic records ; the policy caused an uproar among librarian bloggers. Among those who protested

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2814-495: The largest online public access catalog (OPAC) in the world. WorldCat has holding records from public and private libraries worldwide. The Online Computer Library Center acquired the trademark and copyrights associated with the Dewey Decimal Classification System when it bought Forest Press in 1988. A browser for books with their Dewey Decimal Classifications was available until July 2013; it

2881-486: The latest information on techniques used by studio artists. More than 130 archives contain unique material from individual artists, galleries, companies, scholars, and organizations. The library also presents exhibitions featuring rare items from its collection. In 1985, the museum renamed its library the Leonard S. and Juliette K. Rakow Library in honor of donors Dr. and Mrs. Rakow. The collection does not circulate. However,

2948-608: The latest information storage and retrieval system of the time, the computer, with the oldest, the library. They were inspired in part by the earlier Columbia–Harvard–Yale Medical Libraries Computerization Project, an attempt at shared automated printing of catalog cards. The plan was to merge the catalogs of Ohio libraries electronically through a computer network and database to streamline operations, control costs, and increase efficiency in library management, bringing libraries together cooperatively to best serve researchers and scholars. The first library to do online cataloging through OCLC

3015-641: The library community at large". It was founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center , then became the Online Computer Library Center as it expanded. In 2017, the name was formally changed to OCLC, Inc. OCLC and thousands of its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat , the largest online public access catalog in the world. OCLC is funded mainly by the fees that libraries pay (around $ 217.8 million annually in total as of 2021 ) for

3082-420: The library is a member of the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC), an international bibliographic service, and microfiche copies of books on glass and photocopies of periodical articles can be borrowed through interlibrary loan. The Canadian reality glassblowing competition television series Blown Away includes an artist residency at the CMOG as part of its prize. The museum also provided assistance during

3149-593: The many different services it offers. OCLC also maintains the Dewey Decimal Classification system. OCLC began in 1967, as the Ohio College Library Center, through a collaboration of university presidents, vice presidents, and library directors who wanted to create a cooperative, computerized network for libraries in the state of Ohio . The group first met on July 5, 1967, on the campus of Ohio State University to sign

3216-762: The museum in 2005. The CMOG offers exhibitions year-round. Past exhibitions have included: Medieval Glass for Popes, Princes and Peasants, East Meets West: Cross-Cultural Influences in Glassmaking in the 18th and 19th Centuries and Mirror to Discovery: The 200-Inch Disk and the Hale Reflecting Telescope at Palomar. Several special exhibitions are offered at the museum and the Rakow Research Library each year, from shows focused on specific artists to major exhibitions on important topics in glass and glass history. Inaugurated in 1986 by

3283-412: The museum. The museum offers several live glassmaking demonstrations. The Hot Glass Show is a demonstration where one of the museum's glass blowers provides a live glass-blowing demonstration, which is also narrated by another of the glass blowers. The Hot Glass Show is performed at the museum, on the road, and at sea on three Celebrity Cruise ships. At the museum, the Hot Glass Show is offered daily and

3350-431: The nearby town of Big Flats . Corning is also home to the 2006 New York State Class A high school football champions. In 2006, the city council approved public water fluoridation. In 2007, a petition was launched to ban this practice by local resident Kirk Huttleston which eventually became known as Proposition 1. Proposition 1 passed the ban by a close vote of 1,287 to 1,222, according to unofficial results, leading to

3417-919: The organization's website. During the COVID-19 pandemic , OCLC participated in the REopening Archives, Libraries, and Museums (REALM) project funded by the IMLS to study the surface transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 on common library and museum materials and surfaces, and published a series of reports. Advocacy has been a part of OCLC's mission since its founding in 1967. OCLC staff members meet and work regularly with library leaders, information professionals, researchers, entrepreneurs, political leaders, trustees, students and patrons to advocate "advancing research, scholarship, education, community development, information access, and global cooperation". WebJunction, which provides training services to librarians,

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3484-479: The policy was the non-librarian activist Aaron Swartz , who believed the policy would threaten projects such as the Open Library , Zotero , and Misplaced Pages, and who started a petition to "Stop the OCLC powergrab". Swartz's petition garnered 858 signatures, but the details of his proposed actions went largely unheeded. Within a few months, the library community had forced OCLC to retract its policy and to create

3551-643: The remnants of Hurricane Agnes dropped fifteen or more inches of rain in the area within a short time causing extensive flooding. Eighteen people were killed in the immediate Corning-Painted Post area. The entire downtown area was flooded, with severe damage. Flooding is now controlled by a system of dams upstream from Corning. Interstate 86 (the Southern Tier Expressway ), New York State Route 17 , New York State Route 352 , New York State Route 414 , and New York State Route 415 are major highways connecting in Corning. County Road 40 leads into

3618-454: The role of public libraries. The campaign, funded by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, uses a strategy based on the findings of the 2008 OCLC report, "From Awareness to Funding: A study of library support in America". Other past advocacy campaigns have focused on sharing the knowledge gained from library and information research. Such projects have included communities such as

3685-433: The same time, the council approved governance changes that had been recommended by the Board of Trustees severing the tie between the networks and governance. In early 2009, OCLC negotiated new contracts with the former networks and opened a centralized support center. In July 2010, the company was sued by SkyRiver, a rival startup, in an antitrust suit . Library automation company Innovative Interfaces joined SkyRiver in

3752-532: The series' production. Corning (city), New York Corning is a city in Steuben County, New York , United States, on the Chemung River . The population was 10,551 at the 2020 census . It is named for Erastus Corning , an Albany financier and railroad executive who was an investor in the company that developed the community. The city is best known as the headquarters of Fortune 500 company Corning Incorporated , formerly Corning Glass Works,

3819-745: The street from the museum. Altogether, staff and volunteers dried, cleaned, and restored over 7,000 water-logged and frozen books over the next two years. The rare books were sent to Carolyn Price Horton , a leading restoration expert, who disassembled, washed, deacidified , and rebound them. On August 1, 1972, the museum reopened with restoration work still underway. The museum's collection of contemporary artworks includes pieces by significant artists such as Lino Tagliapietra , Dante Marioni , Klaus Moje , Karen LaMonte , Dale Chihuly , Libenský / Brychtová , Ginny Ruffner and Josiah McElheny . The galleries include: Glass in Nature, Origins of Glassmaking, Glass of

3886-547: The suit. The suit was dropped in March 2013, however, following the acquisition of SkyRiver by Innovative Interfaces . Innovative Interfaces was bought by ExLibris in 2020, therefore passing OCLC as the dominant supplier of ILS services in the US (over 70% market share for academic libraries and over 50% for public libraries for ExLibris, versus OCLC's 10% market share of both types of libraries in 2019). In 2022, membership and governance expanded to include any institution with

3953-632: The top twenty-five small city arts destinations in the U.S. – most recently in June 2010. Many of the cultural events and historic landmarks in the city are in Corning's Gaffer District . Corning Country Club annually hosted the Corning Classic , a stop on the Ladies Professional Golf Association tour, from 1979 to 2009. The city has commercial air service available at Elmira/Corning Regional Airport in

4020-531: The wall how high the flood waters rose. Just upstream from Corning, the Cohocton River and the Tioga River merge to form the Chemung River which flows through downtown. The river was an important source of power in the early history, and is part of the attractiveness of the region today. The river is prone to floods, as rain water runs off quickly from the steep hillsides of the area. In 1972

4087-600: The world's most comprehensive collections of glass objects from antiquity to the present. The museum houses the Rakow Library, one of the world's major glass research centers. The city's other major cultural attraction is the Rockwell Museum . It contains an important collection of Western American painting and sculpture assembled over the past 40 years by Robert F. and Hertha Rockwell. The city has been cited several times by American Style magazine as one of

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4154-407: Was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.89. In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males. The median income for a household in

4221-505: Was built by Corning Glass Works (renamed Corning Incorporated in 1989) upon the company's 100th anniversary. Thomas S. Buechner , who would later become director of the Brooklyn Museum , was the founding director of the glass museum, serving in the post from 1951 to 1960 and again from 1973 to 1980. The original museum and library were housed in a building designed by Harrison & Abramovitz in 1951. Gunnar Birkerts designed

4288-724: Was elected in November 2009 and took office January 1, 2010. Negri's second term expired December 31, 2013. Since 1995, the City of Corning operates under the Council-Manager form of government, with the City Manager serving as the Chief Executive Officer. The first City Manager was Suzanne Kennedy who served until July 1997. In July 1997, Mark L. Ryckman was appointed as the city's second City Manager. The city council consists of eight members. One member

4355-727: Was replaced by the Classify Service. Until August 2009, when it was sold to Backstage Library Works, OCLC owned a preservation microfilm and digitization operation called the OCLC Preservation Service Center, with its principal office in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania . Starting in 1971, OCLC produced catalog cards for members alongside its shared online catalog; the company printed its last catalog cards on October 1, 2015. QuestionPoint , an around-the-clock reference service provided to users by

4422-496: Was reported that out of 29,673 instances of book infoboxes in Misplaced Pages, "there were 23,304 ISBNs and 15,226 OCNs", and regarding Wikidata: "of around 14 million Wikidata items, 28,741 were books. 5403 Wikidata items have an ISBN associated with them, and 12,262 have OCNs." OCLC also runs the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF), an international name authority file, with oversight from

4489-523: Was the Alden Library at Ohio University on August 26, 1971. This was the first online cataloging by any library worldwide. Between 1967 and 1977, OCLC membership was limited to institutions in Ohio, but in 1978, a new governance structure was established that allowed institutions from other states to join. In 2002, the governance structure was again modified to accommodate participation from outside

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