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61-594: Chanakya National Law University ( CNLU ) is a public law school and a National Law University in Patna , Bihar , India . It was established in 2006 by the Government of Bihar (Bihar Act 24 of 2006) as a public university dedicated to the field of legal education . The Chief Justice of Patna High Court is the ex officio chancellor of the university. It is one of the autonomous law schools in India . The campus

122-404: A 5-year Master of Laws (LL.M.) degree. Law school is usually entered to at the undergraduate level in a university. In Japan, legal education is undertaken at both undergraduate and postgraduate level. Admission to postgraduate law schools does not require specialization in law in undergraduate degree. In Nigeria, the primary route for obtaining a legal education to qualify as a practicing lawyer

183-551: A PhD in law ( doctorat de droit ). Many French universities offer Law courses in department labelled as Research and Education Units ( unité de formation et de recherche ) and/or Faculties of Law or Law Schools. A LLM-level is a prerequisite for some legal professions, but is combined with vocational education, such as the école nationale de la magistrature for judges and the Certificat d'aptitude aux fonctions d'avocat for advocates . In Hong Kong , which generally follows

244-409: A combined civil law and common law program, which has been called "transsystemic". At other faculties, if a person completes a common law degree, then a civil law degree can be obtained with only an extra year of study. This is also true for civil law graduates who wish to complete a common law degree. Despite changes in designation, schools opting for the J.D. have not altered their curricula. Neither

305-547: A constitutionally-mandated three years of legal experience. Second degree courts and higher must have at least one-fifth of their judges be members of a lawyers' association, and also from federal/state/labour prosecutors (ministério público) regarding the court jurisdiction. Electoral and military courts do not have this requirement. After achieving the bachelor's degree in law, it is possible to specialize ( lato sensu ) or to follow an academic law path ( stricto sensu ), or both. The stricto sensu postgraduate program consists of

366-651: A credit-based elective system, with certain mandatory courses, which requires students to earn 200 credits over a period of five years to earn the degree. CNLU offers one-year post-graduate LL.M program. Admission to the total 40 seats for LL.M course is provided through the Entrance Test conducted by the university. The students of the CNLU has participated in some of the International and National Moots court competition. The students have brought laurels to

427-888: A law school. The legal education is a three tier system – 4-year bachelor's degree studies, 1-year Master of Law and 5-year doctoral studies. The Belgrade Law School is the most distinguished and largest by capacity in Serbia. Courses are offered in Serbian and English. On July 3, 2007, the Korean National Assembly passed legislation introducing 'Law School', closely modeled on the American post-graduate system. Moreover, naturally, since March 2, 2009, 25 (both public and private) 3-year professional Law Schools that officially approved by Korean Government , has been opened to teach future Korean lawyers. The first bar test to

488-597: A master's degree, which is usually a two-year degree, followed by a doctorate degree, which can take up to another four years. The oldest civil law faculty in Canada offering law degrees was established in 1848 at McGill University in Montreal, and the oldest common law faculty in Canada offering law degrees was established in 1883 at Dalhousie University in Halifax. The typical law degree required to practice law in Canada

549-399: A new intervenor of the university. The decree of the university reform was redacted on October 12, 1918. The objectives of the 1918 Cordoba Reform were promptly adopted by many student organizations, and one by one, from Argentina to Mexico, Latin American universities experienced unprecedented uprisings. The same year the reform statutes were enacted into law at Córdoba, they were extended to

610-457: A revolution ‘from below’ and ‘from inside’ against what was considered as a very old type of university". The conflict started with a lateral problem, the cancellation of the patients beds at the Hospital de Clínicas university hospital in late 1917. On March 31, 1918, when classes should have been restarted, the students organised another strike , with demonstrations , that finally forced

671-404: Is B.S. It takes about two to three years to earn a Master of Science. The Master of Science is a mix of course work in a specific field of law and a dissertation. The Ph.D. in law is the highest law degree offered by some law schools. It takes about 5–7 years depending on the school as well as the students. In Italy, the route for obtaining a legal education to qualify as a practicing lawyer is via

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732-648: Is Doctor / DR. (Doctor in Law). To work in legal professions of choice in Indonesia, a Bachelor Law Degree (S.H.) is obligatory. Graduates can pursue their career as Legal in-house counsel, Judge profession (requires admission and further training at Supreme Court Educational Center), Public Prosecutor (requires admission and further training at Public Prosecutor Educational and Training Center), other legal-related work and Advocate. To become an Advocate, Law Graduate should attend an Advocate Special Course (1–2 months) and pass

793-567: Is a 5-year Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) degree from an accredited law program of any Nigerian university. An additional year of training at any of the Nigerian Law School campuses is mandatory and a candidate must pass the bar examinations and be ascertained by the body of benchers to be a fit and proper individual. Law degree programs are considered graduate programs in the Philippines . As such, admission to law schools requires

854-490: Is aimed primarily at producing law graduates focused on family law and criminal law, as there is a pressing need for lawyers practicing in these areas. Additionally, the SMU School of Law offers the 3-year Juris Doctor degree for aspiring candidates who have already completed a prior undergraduate course of study and who have been awarded a bachelor's degree in another field. The SMU J.D. is recognised for qualification to

915-570: Is arranged after the individual passes the lawyer, judge, or prosecutor exams. A degree in law (bachelor, master or doctor) is one way to qualify to sit for the bar examination. You can also sit for the bar examination if you do not have a law degree, but have taken the requisite number and type of law courses. The bar examination is administered in two written stages. Stage one exam subjects are tested by multiple-choice format and stage two exam subjects are tested in an essay format. Candidates who fail stage one are disqualified from taking stage two, and

976-655: Is complete, the title of varatuomari (VT) is obtained with a one-year externship in a district court. This is the basic qualification to practice law as a judge. With further experience, the candidate may be admitted to the Finnish Bar Association and licensed with the legally protected title asianajaja , similar to barrister . In France, the legal education is a three tier system. The student may study for an LL.B. ( licence de droit ), then an LL.M. ( master de droit ) and, for those interested in Law theory,

1037-594: Is elective with various concentrations such as business law, international law, natural resources law, criminal law, Aboriginal law, etc. Given that the Canadian legal system includes both the civil law and the common law , some law schools offer both an LL.B. or J.D. (common law) and a B.C.L., LL.L. or LL.B. (civil law) degree, such as McGill University , University of Ottawa and the Université de Montréal . In particular, McGill University Faculty of Law offers

1098-552: Is now the Juris Doctor , which requires previous university coursework and is similar to the first law degree in the United States. There is some scholarly content in the coursework (such as an academic research paper required in most schools). The programs consist of three years, and have similar content in their mandatory first year courses. Beyond first year and the minimum requirements for graduation, course selection

1159-425: Is organised every year on the lines of Indian Premier League. The students and the faculty members are allowed to own a team; they bid for the players in the auctions. 25°35′38″N 85°07′57″E  /  25.5938°N 85.1325°E  / 25.5938; 85.1325 Law school In Argentina, lawyers-to-be need to obtain an undergraduate degree in law in order to practice the profession, as opposed to

1220-534: Is situated right near the heart of the city in the Mithapur area and has an area of approximately 18 Acres. The university came into being on 15 August 2006 under the guidance of its vice-chancellor/pro-chancellor, Prof. Dr. A. Lakshminath, former dean and registrar, NALSAR University of Law , Hyderabad , HRD Principal Secretary Madan Mohan Jha, a 1977 batch IAS and Registrar(I/C) Vijay Kumar Himanshu Dy. Director of Higher education, HRD, Government of Bihar . CNLU

1281-426: Is that while the eligibility qualification for the three year law degree is that the applicant must already be a holder of a bachelor's degree, for being eligible for the five years integrated law degree, the applicant must have successfully completed Class XII from a recognized Boards of Education in India. Both the holders of the three-year degree and of the five-year integrated degree are eligible for enrollment with

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1342-777: Is the Degree of which carries the title of Sarjana Hukum/S.H. (Bachelor of Law). This can be obtained in 4–7 years after they enter Law School straight from Senior High School. The second tier varies depending on the legal specialties taken after the first tier. The general title for this tier is Magister Hukum / M.H. (Master in Law). Although it is also common to see other title for secondary tier such as Magister Kenotariatan / M.Kn. (Master in Notary) for Notarial professionals line of work. The second tier can be obtained normally in 1-2 year. The third tier in Indonesian Law Degree

1403-628: The M.D. and D.D.S. degrees are considered second entry programs and not graduate programs.) Nevertheless, disagreement persists regarding the status of the degrees, such as at the University of Toronto, where the J.D. degree designation has been marketed by the Faculty of Law as superior to the LL.B. degree designation. Some universities have developed joint Canadian LL.B or J.D. and American J.D programs, such as York University and New York University,

1464-667: The University of Buenos Aires , the National University of La Plata , the National University of Tucumán and the National University of the Littoral , from which it extended to other Latin American countries: first to Peru , then Chile and Cuba , Colombia , Guatemala and Uruguay . In the 1930s, a second Latin American wave of university reforms shook Brazil , Paraguay , Bolivia , Ecuador , Venezuela and Mexico . The repercussion went further even eliciting

1525-590: The "passed" status of the stage one exam will not be retained for future exams. The yearly pass rate for the bar examination in Taiwan hovers around 10% each year. The bar exam is conducted in Chinese, so a native level of language fluency is expected. Argentine university reform of 1918 The Argentine university reform of 1918 was a general modernization of the universities , especially tending towards democratization , brought about by student activism during

1586-598: The Advocates Act, 1961, which is a law passed by the Parliament both on the aspect of legal education and also regulation of conduct of legal profession. Under the act, the Bar Council of India is the supreme regulatory body to regulate the legal profession in India and also to ensure the compliance of the laws and maintenance of professional standards by the legal profession in the country. To this regard,

1647-468: The B.A., LL.B / B.B.A.LL.B (Honours). The Mysore University School of Justice set up by the University of Mysore in Mysore offered a five-year integrated law degree course of B.A., LL.B (Honours) from 2007. The course for three years LL.B. is also regularized in University of Delhi as an option for post graduation after the completion of graduation degree. The National Law University, Jodhpur offered for

1708-471: The Bar Council of India prescribes the minimum curriculum required to be taught in order for an institution to be eligible for the grant of a law degree. The Bar Council also carries on a periodic supervision of the institutions conferring the degree and evaluates their teaching methodology and curriculum and having determined that the institution meets the required standards, recognizes the institution and

1769-415: The Bar Council of India upon the fulfillment of eligibility conditions and upon enrollment, may appear before any court in India. In Iran, the legal education has been influenced both by civil law and Islamic Shari'ah law. Like many countries, after high school, one can enter the law school. The first law degree is Bachelor of Science . It takes about four years to get B.S. The first graduate program in law

1830-594: The Bar exam. The title Advocate can be obtained after a graduate passes the Bar exam and fulfill several obligation and requirements created by the Indonesian Advocates Association (PERADI), and is a prerequisite for practicing trial law in Indonesia. In India, legal education has been traditionally offered as a three-year graduate degree. However, the structure has been changed since 1987. Law degrees in India are granted and conferred in terms of

1891-631: The English common law system, an undergraduate L.L.B. is common, followed by a one or two year Postgraduate Certificate in Laws before one can begin a training contract (solicitors) or a pupillage (barristers). All three law schools (HKU, CUHK, CityU) in Hong Kong also offer 2-year Juris Doctor programme allowing students with a bachelor's degree in any field to be considered for PCLL. Law Degree in Indonesia consists of three tier systems. The first tier

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1952-483: The J.D. in Canada was to distinguish the degree from the European counterpart that requires no previous post-secondary education, However, in the eyes of the Canadian educational system, the J.D. awarded by Canadian universities has retained the characteristics of the LL.B. and is considered a second entry program, but not a graduate program. (This position is analogous to the position taken by Canadian universities that

2013-592: The J.D. or LL.B. alone is sufficient to qualify for a Canadian license, as each province's law society requires an apprenticeship and successful completion of provincial skills and responsibilities training course, such as the British Columbia Law Society's Professional Legal Training Course, the Law Society of Upper Canada's Skills and Responsibilities Training Program. and the École du Barreau du Québec . The main reason for implementing

2074-623: The Legal Profession Admission Board, followed by an internship for 12 months or an extra course in practical legal training (PLT) depending on the jurisdiction and university, and be admitted as a lawyer of one of a state's Supreme Court. In Belgium, the admission to the Belgian Bar is permitted after a 5-year law degree. In Brazil, the legal education begins between 1827/28 in Olinda/PE and São Paulo/SP where

2135-823: The NLSIU Bangalore Debate, Mukerji Memorial Debate, etc. It has also been organizing its own parliamentary debate speculated to be one of the largest debating events in eastern India. CNLU also organised the first grand-scale Model United Nations event in Bihar. This society works for providing legal aid and awareness . This society basically helps people who are economically backward by helping them in their litigation. Programmes are organized by this society to make people aware of their rights and duties. It has worked in collaboration with NGOs like 'Bal Sakha' and 'Aman'.The society has organized its first National Legal Aid Fest Vidhikta consisting of which has witnessed

2196-684: The Singapore Bar. There are several private law schools in Singapore that are run by private education providers and which also award the Bachelor of Laws degree. These private law schools are neither recognised nor supported by the government and their graduates are, in the vast majority of cases, ineligible for qualification to the Singapore Bar . In Serbia, prospective students are required to pass an admission test for enrollment in

2257-552: The Sri Lanka Law College and study law or directly undertake exams after gaining an LL.B. from a local or foreign university. In Sweden, the route for obtaining a legal education to qualify as a practicing lawyer is via a 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 -year Master of Laws (LL.M.) degree (270 ECTS). In Taiwan, law is primarily studied as an undergraduate program resulting in a Bachelor of Law (B.L.). Students receive academic rather than practical training. Practical training

2318-474: The US system in which a law degree is not obtained until successfully completing a postgraduate program. In spite of that, it is customary to call Argentine lawyers 'doctors,' although the vast majority of them do not hold a Juris Doctor degree. The reason lies in that the career was originally called 'Doctorate in Laws' ( Doctorado en Leyes ), which was an undergraduate degree. There were no graduate studies available in

2379-701: The University of Buenos Aires and later to other Argentinean universities. Its principles were included in the 1920 manifesto of the Argentine University Federation , and subsequently endorsed by the International Student Congress on University Reform held in Mexico City in 1921, with the participation of delegates from Latin America, United States, Europe, and Asia. In 1924, when Haya de la Torre , leader of

2440-412: The University of Windsor and the University of Detroit Mercy, and the University of Ottawa and Michigan State University program. Law school is usually entered to at the undergraduate level in a university. There is an intermediate bachelor's degree ( oikeusnotaari ), but the target is the master's degree in law ( oikeustieteen maisteri ; until 2005 oikeustieteen kandidaatti ). Once university education

2501-825: The autonomy of the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico granted in the 1920s into the National Autonomous University of Mexico that exist up to day. Likewise México, but in 1921, the Peruvian Royal and Pontifical University of San Marcos granted the autonomy of the nowadays National University of San Marcos the oldest university in the Americas . Since University Reform, student organisations have maintained close links with workers' organizations and labor unions , frequently joining them in demonstrations and protests. Another consequence has been

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2562-606: The bar examinations were held during November. The University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Civil Law was the first secular faculty, and hence the oldest law school in the Philippines. In Singapore, the primary route for obtaining a legal education to qualify as a practicing lawyer is via a 4-year Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) degree from either the NUS Faculty of Law , or the SMU School of Law . The SUSS School of Law

2623-586: The completion of a bachelor's degree, with a sufficient number of credits or units in certain subject areas. Graduation from a Philippine law school constitutes the primary eligibility requirement for the Philippine Bar Examination , the national licensure examination for practicing lawyers in the country. The bar examination is administered by the Supreme Court of the Philippines during the month of September every year. As of 2011

2684-508: The country at the time of its creation, and they would be instituted only in 1949. After the university reform of 1918 the career was renamed ' Attorney '. It is five–six years long, some universities also offering intermediate degrees called 'University Bachelor in Law,' commonly taking three–four years to complete. To practice in Australia, one needs to graduate with a Bachelor of Laws (LLB), Juris Doctor (JD), or Diploma-in-Law issued by

2745-408: The degree conferred by it. Traditionally the degrees that were conferred carried the title of LL.B. (Bachelor of Laws) or B.L. (Bachelor of Law). The eligibility requirement for these degrees was that the applicant already have a Bachelor's degree in any subject from a recognized institution. Thereafter the LL.B. / B.L. course was for three years, upon the successful completion of which the applicant

2806-481: The end of the 19th century many changes were taking place in Argentina. With the arrival of European immigrants in large waves, new ideas arrived with them which were opposed to the old oligarchic conservatism. The 1912 Sáenz Peña Law of the secret vote brought the less conservative Hipólito Yrigoyen to the presidency in 1916. It was in 1918 that the students of the National University of Córdoba , probably

2867-582: The first law University in India was set up in Bangalore which was named as the National Law School of India University (popularly 'NLS'). These law universities were meant to offer a multi-disciplinary and integrated approach to legal education. It was therefore for the first time that a law degree other than LL.B. or B.L. was granted in India. NLS offered a five-year law course, upon the successful completion of which an integrated degree with

2928-618: The first schools of law were established by the new Empire using the Coimbra Faculty of Law as an educational model. The current legal education consists of a 5-year-long course after which the scholar is granted a bachelor's degree. The practice of law is conditioned upon admission to the bar of a particular state or other territorial jurisdiction (Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil - OAB ). Before practicing as public attorneys, public prosecutors or magistrates (judges), candidates must successfully pass an entrance examination and complete

2989-701: The first time in 2001 the integrated law degree of "B.B.A, LL.B. (Honours)" which was preceded by the West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences offering the "B.Sc., LL.B. (Honours)" degree. Gujarat National Law University established in Gandhinagar also offers LL.B. However, despite these specialized law universities , the traditional three-year degree continues to be offered in India by other institutions and are equally recognized as eligible qualifications for practicing law in India. Another essential difference that remains

3050-578: The lawschool graduates was scheduled in 2012. In Sri Lanka to practice law, one must be admitted and enrolled as an Attorney-at-Law of the Supreme Court of Sri Lanka . This is achieved by passing law exams at the Sri Lanka Law College , which are administered by the Council of Legal Education and spending a period of six months under a practicing attorney of at least 8 years standing. To undertake law exams students must gain admission to

3111-617: The most conservative in Argentina at that time, demanded a revision of the university's statutes to modernize and democratize them. They succeeded in creating student centres, but their demands were ignored. The demands of the students can be summarized in four main topics: The most important features of the Reform described in the Liminar Manifesto can be summarized as follows: The University Reform Movement (UFM) in Argentina, or Movimiento de la Reforma Universitaria "emerged as

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3172-427: The national government to intervene the university. José Matienzo was named intervenor of the university, and he confirmed most of the irregularities described by the students. He declared vacant the positions of Rector of the university and Deans of the faculties, and commanded the democratisation of the university's statutes. But the students were not to be part of this process, since the conservative Antonio Nores

3233-405: The participation of various premier law schools and other different colleges based all over India. CNLU has an active Increasing Diversity by Increasing Access (IDIA) chapter which trains underprivileged students for the law entrance exam CLAT . Sports facilities like volleyball, basketball, soccer, badminton, table tennis and cricket are available on the campus. Chanakya Premier League (CPL)

3294-522: The presidency of Hipólito Yrigoyen . The events started in Córdoba and spread to the rest of Argentina , and then through much of Latin America . The reform set up the freedom for universities to define their own curriculum and manage their own budget without interference from the central government. This has had a profound effect on academic life at the universities through the nationalization process that boasts academic freedom and independence throughout

3355-602: The title of "B.A., LL.B. (Honours)" would be granted. Thereafter, other law universities were set up, all offering five-year integrated law degrees with different nomenclature. The next in line was National Law Institute University set up in Bhopal in 1997. It was followed by NALSAR university of law in 1998. The Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University in Delhi offered a five-year integrated law degree course of LL.B (Honours) from 1998 and subsequently from 2007 started to award

3416-575: The university life. Ever since the Jesuits founded the first university in Argentina in the 17th century, education was managed by the clergy and conservative upper-class citizens . The universities' authorities were selected by them, and professors were appointed for life. Professors also decided on the subjects to be taught, usually following the preferences of the Church and suppressed modern ideas such as Darwin 's theory of evolution By

3477-671: The university reform in Peru, founded the Popular Revolutionary American Alliance, the original student demands evolved into a vigorous and ambitious political, social, and economic movement. The Cordoba Reform had a tremendous impact in most Latin American universities, and would even inspire the leaders of the 1960s student movement in industrialized countries. The success of the students' demands in Córdoba soon spread to other important universities such as

3538-405: The university. The committees are reconstituted every year through student elections. CNLU annual fest named JEEVATVA is being organised on 14–16 February. Students from many colleges across India have participated in this fest. It includes cultural, sports and academic events. The University has had a long culture of debating and has participated in the country's most renowned debates including

3599-678: Was established under the Chanakya National Law University Act, 2006 (Bihar Act No. 24 of 2006) and included in section 2(f) & 12(B) of the U.G.C. Act, 1956. Heading the administration of the university are: CNLU offers a five-year integrated course into two following streams namely, B.A. , LL.B(Hons) , B.B.A , through a nationwide exam Common Law Admissions Test which is taken by approximately by upwards of 80,000 students every year. A total of 140 seats are offered for admission out of which 10 seats are reserved for NRI and 10 for Foreign Nationals. CNLU follows

3660-472: Was granted either degree. However, upon the suggestion by the Law Commission of India and also given the prevailing cry for reform, the Bar Council of India instituted upon an experiment in terms of establishing specialized law universities solely devoted to legal education and thus to raise the academic standards of legal profession in India. This decision was taken somewhere in 1985 and thereafter

3721-433: Was voted Rector of the University, against the wishes of the students. The students occupied the faculties' premises, so classes could not be restarted regularly. They resisted the police and were finally driven out by force by the national army . This produced a general uneasiness of the public throughout the country, which forced President Yrigoyen to appoint his Minister of Justice and Public Education, José S. Salinas, as

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