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Canterbury District Health Board

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68-577: The Canterbury District Health Board ( Canterbury DHB or CDHB ) was a district health board with the focus on providing healthcare to the Canterbury region of New Zealand, north of the Rangitata River . It was responsible for roughly 579,000 residents, or 12% of New Zealand's population. The Canterbury District Health Board covered a territory of 26,881 square kilometers and was divided between six territorial local authorities. In July 2022,

136-624: A Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Ministers of Commerce, Finance and Revenue before being elevated to the Executive Council as a Minister outside of Cabinet in 2003. At the 2005 election , Cunliffe was returned in New Lynn with 18,087 votes (8,000 more than his nearest opponent) or 55% of the electorate vote, and also promoted into Cabinet . Cunliffe retained his seat in the 2008 , 2011 , and 2014 elections , during which

204-659: A Government "green and white paper" entitled Your Health and Public Health which proposed privatising public healthcare services in New Zealand. In 1993, the Area Health Boards were replaced by 23 Crown Health Enterprises (CHEs), which operated as state-owned enterprises and were responsible for providing health services. In addition, the Government established four Regional Health Authorities (RHAs) with purchasing responsibilities. The purchaser/provider split

272-766: A defined geographical area. They existed from 1 January 2001, when the act came into force, to 30 June 2022. Initially there were 21 DHBs, and this was reduced to 20 organisations in 2010: fifteen in the North Island and five in the South Island . DHBs received public funding from the Ministry of Health on behalf of the Crown , based on a formula that took into account the total number, gender, age, socio-economic status and ethnic mix of their population. DHBs were governed by boards, which were partially elected (as part of

340-600: A major review of the Immigration Act 1987 which, under the oversight of his successors, resulted in the eventual replacement of that Act with the new Immigration Act 2009. Cunliffe served as an Associate Minister for Communications and Associate Minister for Information Technology from 2003 before being promoted to the primary portfolios in 2004. The two portfolios were merged into a single ministerial role in 2007. As Minister for Communications and Information Technology he announced extensive pro-competitive reform of

408-486: A messianic level". He was described as a "polarising" politician, however his election as leader resulting in an initial increase in support for Labour; it rose to 37% in opinion polls. In a speech to a women's symposium in July 2014, Cunliffe stated, "I am sorry for being a man". He was commenting on domestic violence against women by men. His apology was regarded as insensitive, with Prime Minister John Key criticising

476-462: A plurality with 47.0% of the party vote, its best result since 1951. Cunliffe initially vowed to remain as the party leader, in spite of the poor election result. On 27 September Cunliffe formally resigned as leader but announced he was re-contesting in the 2014 party leadership election . Later on 13 October, he announced he was pulling out of the leadership race. Cunliffe is generally liberal when it comes to conscience issues. He voted in favour of

544-466: A promise of free GP visits and prescriptions to pregnant women and those aged under 13 and over 65. In a speech he stated, "We are basing our policies on a very old idea. That your healthcare is based on your health need, not on the size of your wallet." He was criticised for taking a three-day skiing holiday in Queenstown at the start of the campaign. His performance in the leadership debates

612-521: A public health agency to be called Te Whatu Ora (Health New Zealand), which will be modelled after the British National Health Service . In addition, a new Te Aka Whai Ora (Māori Health Authority) will be established to set up policies for Māori health and to decide and fund those who will deliver services. A Public Health Authority will also be established to centralise public health work. The transition will occur over

680-578: A set of objectives; they have a degree of autonomy in how they choose to achieve these. In contrast to their predecessors, the regional health authorities, the DHBs are non-profit providers. The DHB Funding and Performance Directorate of the Ministry of Health monitors the performance of individual DHBs. DHBs provided funding to primary health organisations (PHOs). DHB activities were governed by boards, which consisted of up to eleven members: seven elected by

748-461: A three-year period with an interim Health New Zealand organisation being set up in late 2021. Legislation establishing the new organisation is expected to occur in mid-2022. The second phase from late 2022 will be the expansion and development over a two-to-three year period. Epidemiologist Michael Baker described the establishment of the district health board system as driven by neoliberalism and characterised it as an "absurd system". He welcomed

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816-531: A view that New Zealand will become a republic in the future. During a debate after the speech from the throne on 4 September 2002, Cunliffe spoke of "Building a New Zealand ... where we journey together towards maturity as a nation, and to the Commonwealth republic I personally believe we will become before the Treaty turns 200". Following his retirement from Parliament on 21 April 2017, Cunliffe joined

884-673: Is a New Zealand management consultant and former politician who was Leader of the New Zealand Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition from September 2013 to September 2014. He was Member of Parliament (MP) for Titirangi and then New Lynn for the Labour Party between 1999 and 2017. He served as the Minister of Health , Minister for Communications and Information Technology and Minister of Immigration for

952-563: The 2006 census . There were 200,694 households. There were 269,550 males and 270,081 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.0 males per female. The median age was 38.2 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 98,541 people (18.3%) aged under 15 years, 111,957 (20.7%) aged 15 to 29, 246,159 (45.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 82,968 (15.4%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 81.6% European/Pākehā, 9.5% Māori, 3.3% Pacific peoples, 11.8% Asian, and 2.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas

1020-549: The Fifth Labour Government of New Zealand from October 2007 until November 2008. After the defeat of the Labour Party in the 2008 general election , and the resignation of Helen Clark as the party leader, Cunliffe was appointed the party's finance spokesman and number three on the front bench . After Labour lost the 2011 general election and Phil Goff stood down as party leader, Cunliffe ran for

1088-555: The Minister of Immigration , Minister of Communications, Minister for Information Technology, and Associate Minister for Economic Development. He had previously held the Communications and Information Technology portfolios outside of Cabinet. A Cabinet reshuffle in 2007 saw him lose the Immigration portfolio in exchange for the more senior position as Minister of Health . As Immigration Minister in 2006, Cunliffe initiated

1156-817: The Māori community . The district health board (DHB) system had three predecessors: the Area Health Boards (1983–1989), the Regional Health Authorities and Crown Health Enterprises (1993–1997), and the Health Funding Authority (HFA) and Hospital and Health Services (1998–2001). In 1938, the First Labour Government introduced the Social Security Act 1938 with the goal of creating a free public health system in New Zealand. Due to disagreements between

1224-684: The New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 , the Labour-led Government replaced the Hospital and Health Services system with 21 district health boards, which came into force in 2001. These DHBs operated as subsidiary organisations of the Health Ministry and were responsible for providing and funding health services within a defined geographical area. Funding for the DHBs was allocated based on

1292-619: The Wellington Free Ambulance covering the rest of the country. On 1 May 2010 the Otago DHB and the Southland DHB merged to form a new Southern DHB, with elected members coming from two constituencies – Otago and Southland – and the remainder appointed by the Ministry of Health, with the change taking effect from the 2010 local-body elections . From 1 July 2010, a unified primary health organisation has covered

1360-408: The decriminalisation of prostitution , the establishment of civil unions , and the criminalisation of parental corporal punishment . He voted against defining marriage as between one man and one woman , and in 2013, he voted in favour of legalising same-sex marriage . In 2006, he voted in favour of raising the legal drinking age from 18 to 20, but voted against it in 2012. Cunliffe has expressed

1428-488: The 2008 election. Speculation of a leadership challenge again arose during the June 2010 expenses scandal and again after Chris Carter 's resignation from the party. After Labour lost the 2011 general election and Goff stood down, Cunliffe ran for the party leadership with Nanaia Mahuta on a ticket for deputy leader. Grant Robertson and David Parker also entered the race, but subsequently backed David Shearer , who won

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1496-529: The Area Health Board system. Between 1985 and 1989, the 27 existing hospital boards were restructured as AHBs. These entities were led by board members who were elected for three year terms concurrent with the local council bodies . In 1991, the incoming Fourth National Government introduced legislation replacing the AHB board members with Government-appointed commissioners. These changes were part of

1564-583: The Association of Salaried Medical Specialists. It was estimated that the resident medical officers had forfeited roughly $ 1.1 million in lost wages. The district health board had been regarded as a successful accountable care system which has moderated the rate of growth in hospital use by investing in services in the community. GPs and consultants agreed health pathways for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with common medical conditions thereby breaking down barriers between clinicians. On 1 July 2022,

1632-982: The Canterbury DHB was merged into the national health service Health New Zealand as part of an overhaul of the country's district health board system. The Canterbury DHB's functions and operations were assumed by Te Whatu Ora's Te Waipounamu division, which covers the entire South Island . The area covered by the Canterbury District Health Board was defined in Schedule 1 of the New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 and based on territorial authority and ward boundaries as constituted as at 1 January 2001. The area could have been adjusted through an Order in Council . The CDHB, like other district health boards,

1700-402: The Canterbury DHB was merged into the national health service Te Whatu Ora (Health New Zealand). The Canterbury District Health Board, like most other district health boards, came into effect on 1 January 2001. In 2001, after multiple union contracts fell through, more than 1100 staff members of The Princess Margaret Hospital went on strike to protest the uncertainty regarding their jobs at

1768-478: The Government and medical professionals, this vision was not realised. In 1941, the Government and medical providers concluded a series of arrangements known as the General Medical Service (GMS) benefits, which established a dual system of public and private healthcare services which would remain in place until 1983. During the 1970s, growing dissatisfaction with the quality and accessibility of

1836-649: The Health Ministry's population-based funding formula. In addition, the HFA was disestablished and its health funding functions were transferred to the Health Ministry. On 1 May 2010, the Otago and Southland DHBs were amalgamated by the Fifth National Government to form the new Southern District Health Board ; reducing the number of DHBs to 20. On 21 April 2021, Minister of Health Andrew Little announced that DHBs would be abolished and replaced by

1904-401: The Labour Party was in Opposition. He served various senior roles, including as Finance Spokesperson, but was regarded as "a destabilising force" undermining the leadership of Labour Party leaders Phil Goff and David Shearer . Cunliffe was eventually elected as Labour Party Leader and Leader of the Opposition for twelve months in 2013 and 2014, including at the 2014 general election where

1972-649: The Labour candidate for the Titirangi seat. Labour formed a new Government and Cunliffe served as Chair of the Commerce Select Committee and sat on the Finance and Expenditure and Regulations Review select committees. Due to boundary changes for the 2002 election Cunliffe contested the seat of New Lynn , which he won. Cunliffe's party continued in Government for its second term and he was made

2040-532: The Minister of Health, Cunliffe dismissed the Hawke's Bay District Health Board over political, monetary and conflict of interest troubles. Napier Mayor Barbara Arnott and a number of members of the district voiced opposition to Cunliffe's move as many of the board members were democratically elected. Following the release of a Health Ministry-commissioned independent report into the matter, Cunliffe referred to

2108-607: The New Zealand-based management consultancy firm Stakeholder Strategies as a partner, working for a range of public and private sector clients. He left the company in 2020. Since 2020 he has been a director of the Polis Consulting Group. In the 2018 New Year Honours , Cunliffe was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order , for services as a member of Parliament. In February 2020, Cunliffe

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2176-614: The abolition of DHBs. In October 2021, the Sixth Labour Government introduced the Pae Ora (Healthy Futures) Bill to replace the country's district health boards with the new Te Whatu Ora. The legislation would also establish the Te Aka Whai Ora and a new Public Health Agency while strengthening the Ministry of Health 's stewardship role. The bill passed its third reading on 7 June 2022. On 1 July 2022,

2244-415: The board as a "nasty little nest of self-perpetuating provincial elites". After the 2008 general election defeat of the Labour Party, Cunliffe was made Labour's spokesman for finance, shadowing National's Finance Minister , Bill English . Cunliffe had been touted as a future leader of the party, and party insiders had suggested he seriously considered challenging Phil Goff as leader in the aftermath of

2312-564: The boards' expertise as deemed necessary. As part of the appointment process, the Minister of Health appoints a chairperson and a deputy-chair; either from the appointed members or from elected members. Voting for public-elected DHB board members occurred at the same time as local-body elections . Local-body elections take every three years on the second Saturday in October. As defined in the legislation, elected and appointed (if they get appointed in time) members started their term 58 days after

2380-419: The chairperson and deputy chair from the pool of eleven members. The following were elected in the 2010 local elections or appointed by the minister of health: The following were elected in the 2013 local elections or appointed by the minister of health: The following were elected in the 2019 local elections : The four members appointed by the Minister of Health are: At most district health boards,

2448-805: The chairpersonship for the South Canterbury District Health Board (where he had been chair since January 2010). In February 2017, Cleverley resigned from the district health board positions over alleged fraudulent activity carried out by staff reporting to him at the Canterbury Earthquake Recovery Authority (CERA). Sir Mark Solomon , who had been appointed by Health Minister Jonathan Coleman in November 2016 as deputy chair, took over as acting chair from Cleverly. In August 2017, former diplomat and current university chancellor John Wood

2516-473: The coalition governing arrangement, there was more emphasis on collaboration between health purchasers and providers while the HHS were reoriented to be less commercially focused with greater community input on hospital boards. Following the 1999 election , the incoming Labour-Alliance coalition government launched an extensive revamp of New Zealand's healthcare system as part its of health election pledge. Under

2584-624: The curative functions of the Hospital Boards with the preventative functions of the Department of Health 's district health offices. The Third National Government piloted a trial AHB health scheme in the Wellington and Northland regions. Due to the success of the pilot scheme, the Government passed legislation establishing Area Health Boards in 1983. Following the 1984 election , the incoming Fourth Labour Government expanded

2652-437: The district health boards were formally disestablished, with Health New Zealand assuming control of all hospitals and health services. The DHB system's functions and operations were assumed by Te Whatu Ora, Te Aka Whai Ora, and the Health Ministry. In addition, Te Whatu Ora established four new regional divisions to manage health services in the former 20 district health boards: The Ministry of Health gives district health boards

2720-451: The election (i.e. in early December) and the term of the previous board finished that day. Health Boards were replaced by unelected commissioners in Hawke's Bay in 2009, Southern in 2015 and Waikato in 2019. The basis on which ministers have made such decisions have been questioned. Taranaki and Wairarapa District Health Boards maintained their own ambulance services, with St John and

2788-537: The entire new Southern DHB region, with PHO centres in Alexandra , Dunedin and Invercargill with the mandate of providing PHO resources and services, replacing the previous nine PHOs. There were 20 DHBs, organised around geographical areas, of varying population sizes, though they were not coterminous with the Regions of New Zealand : David Cunliffe David Richard Cunliffe QSO (born 30 April 1963)

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2856-590: The health board was accused of "virtually sweat shop conditions" by the National Union of Public Employees. The board denied all accusations against them. Following the accusations, roughly 500 personnel from the district started a five-day strike for a 30% pay rise. In December 2016, approximately 3974 appointments were postponed due to a payment dispute with the Regional District Health Boards, including Canterbury, and members of

2924-501: The healthcare system led the Third Labour Government to issue a white paper called A health service for New Zealand, which proposed a large-scale reform of the healthcare system. Labour subsequently lost the election to Robert Muldoon 's National Party in the 1975 election . The Special Advisory Committee on Health Services Organisation (SACHSO) advocated establishing 14 "Area Health Boards" (AHBs), which combined

2992-404: The high-profile race. Robertson became deputy leader, while Parker took Cunliffe's finance spokesmanship. Shearer retained Cunliffe in a senior role on the front bench, with the economic development and associate finance roles. In November 2012 during a Labour Party conference, there was much media speculation Cunliffe would launch a challenge against David Shearer for leadership of the party. On

3060-427: The hospital, and the full strike involved roughly 3000 people from hospitals throughout the region. In July 2005, The New Zealand Herald reported that the Canterbury District Health Board and Telecom NZ had signed a three-year telecommunications deal. The deal gave Telecom NZ the responsibility for providing all health board telecommunications. There was also a two-year right of renewal clause. In September 2005,

3128-590: The leadership , but narrowly lost to David Shearer . On 26 August 2013, Cunliffe announced a second leadership bid after David Shearer's departure from the leadership and was elected on 15 September 2013. Following Labour's defeat at the general election in September 2014 , he resigned as leader of the Labour Party. Cunliffe was born in Te Aroha on 30 April 1963. His family moved to Te Kūiti , then to Pleasant Point . His father, Bill, an Anglican minister,

3196-534: The morning of 19 November, Cunliffe confirmed he was not challenging Shearer, and would indeed back him if a vote was taken. However, Cunliffe was accused of demonstrating disloyalty and subsequently stripped of his front bench position and his portfolios. On 22 August 2013, Shearer announced his resignation as leader of the Labour Party. Cunliffe was expected to make another bid for the leadership but did not confirm his candidacy immediately. Victoria University of Wellington's iPredict online predictions market showed

3264-537: The party received its worst result in 100 years. Cunliffe's intention to retire from politics was announced by his successor, Andrew Little , on 1 November 2016. Cunliffe officially resigned from Parliament in April 2017, near enough to the 2017 election to avoid the need for a by-election . Cunliffe was appointed to the Cabinet of New Zealand in 2005 for the third term of the Fifth Labour Government , initially as

3332-401: The previous Hospital and Health Service (HHS) board chair was appointed as the inaugural chair, but not so at the Canterbury District Health Board. When the acting chairperson of the HHS board Humphry Rolleston retired, Syd Bradley was appointed the inaugural CDHB chairperson by Health Minister Annette King starting 1 January 2001. Bradley was succeeded in November 2007 by Alister James, who

3400-424: The probability of Cunliffe becoming the next leader of the Labour Party at 66%, compared to under 26% support for Shearer's deputy Grant Robertson ; social development spokesperson Jacinda Ardern polled at 5%, and list MP Andrew Little was on 2%. Cunliffe formally entered the 2013 New Zealand Labour Party leadership election during a press conference in his New Lynn electorate office His announcement came in

3468-480: The public every three years, and up to four appointed by the Government's Minister of Health . From 1 January 2001 the boards comprised appointed members only. The first elected members were chosen in the 2001 local-body elections held on 13 October using the first-past-the-post voting system (FPP). Since the 2004 local-body elections , the single transferable vote (STV, a proportional voting system) has been used. The use of appointed Board members aims to balance

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3536-631: The remark as "a bit insulting to imply that all men are abusive". With little time to make the structural changes needed to build a proper campaign and a party marked by continued infighting, Labour performed poorly in the public opinion polls during the run-up to the 2014 general election. It was, as Cunliffe was to say later, "the craziest and in some ways the most unfortunate campaign in recorded memory". Labour formally launched its campaign for 2014 general election in Auckland on 21 July. Cunliffe announced several flagship election policies, including

3604-418: The support of 32% of the Labour Party caucus , 60% of Labour Party members, and 70% of affiliated unions. Cunliffe received strong backing from the party's grassroots membership, although his leadership bid was supported by only one-third of the caucus. Cunliffe's leadership was opposed by many Labour MPs; several of his colleagues came to see him as "divisive, ambitious, self-absorbed and self-confident to

3672-529: The telecommunications sector, including local loop unbundling and operational separation of then Telecom New Zealand. In May 2006 Cunliffe was referred to the Securities Commission by the NZX for commenting on Telecom 's future dividend plans, causing Telecom's stock price to drop. The Securities Commission found that no law had been breached and no action was taken. On 30 June 2008 Cunliffe

3740-455: The triennial local elections ) and partially appointed by the minister of Health . In April 2021, the Labour government announced that the system of district health boards was to be abolished and replaced by a single agency to be called Te Whatu Ora (Health New Zealand). In addition, a new Te Aka Whai Ora (Māori Health Authority) was to be set up to regulate and provide health services to

3808-442: The wake of a ONE News Colmar Brunton poll released by the current affair programme Q+A which showed Cunliffe winning the support of 29% of the eligible voters asked, and 32% of those polled who support Labour. Challengers Shane Jones and Grant Robertson were on 11% and 10%, respectively. After the first public Labour Party leadership selection process in New Zealand history, Cunliffe was elected leader on 15 September 2013. He won with

3876-553: Was 24.1, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people objected to giving their religion, 51.3% had no religion, 36.7% were Christian, 1.4% were Hindu, 0.8% were Muslim, 0.8% were Buddhist and 2.6% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 98,127 (22.2%) people had a bachelor or higher degree, and 75,732 (17.2%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $ 34,200, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 76,491 people (17.3%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15

3944-484: Was a Fulbright Scholar and Kennedy Memorial Fellow at Harvard University ’s John F. Kennedy School of Government , including some courses at Harvard Business and Law School in 1994 and 1995, earning a Master of Public Administration . He worked as a management consultant with The Boston Consulting Group in Auckland from 1995 to 1999. Cunliffe was first elected to Parliament in the 1999 election , standing as

4012-946: Was active in the Labour Party. As a teenager he won a scholarship to study the International Baccalaureate at the United World College of the Atlantic in Wales . Cunliffe studied politics at the University of Otago , where he was a member of the Otago University Debating Society , and gained a BA with first-class honours. He worked as a diplomat from 1987 to 1994 and gained a Diploma in Social Sciences (Distinction) in economics from Massey University in 1993. He

4080-653: Was also appointed as chair of the Selwyn Foundation, one of New Zealand's largest independent charitable providers of services to older people and their families. Cunliffe's domestic partner is Anna Kominik. Kominik is the independent chair of the Electricity Retailers’ Association and the New Zealand Director of Zephyr Airworks. He has two sons from his previous marriage to Auckland lawyer Karen Price. Cunliffe's father Bill

4148-399: Was appointed by Coleman as the new chair, with Solomon returning to the role of deputy chair. In December 2019, retired judge Sir John Hansen was appointed by Health Minister David Clark to succeed Wood. Canterbury DHB served a population of 539,631 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 56,853 people (11.8%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 72,615 people (15.5%) since

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4216-551: Was appointed chairperson by Health Minister David Cunliffe . After serving as a Christchurch City Councillor until 2004, James successfully stood for the CDHB in October 2004 instead. In the 2007 local elections , James was defeated, but Cunliffe made him the government-appointed chair. Health Minister Tony Ryall appointed Bruce Matheson in November 2010 to replace James. In 2013, Ryall appointed Murray Cleverley, concurrently with

4284-420: Was born in Ngahere in 1915 and worked at the railways. His great-grandfather, William Cunliffe, married Phoebe Seddon, the elder sister of Richard Seddon , who would later become known as 'King Dick'. Seddon, New Zealand's longest serving prime minister, was thus Cunliffe's great-(great-)uncle. Cunliffe is the son of an Anglican minister, and was raised in the Church of England. He has described himself as

4352-504: Was conferred the title of Honorary Fellow of the NZCS (HFNZCS) by the New Zealand Computer Society , the professional body of the ICT profession in recognition of his significant contribution to the ICT sector. Cunliffe was promoted to the Health portfolio in 2007, replacing Pete Hodgson . He received some attention when, early in the portfolio, he said to his opposition counterpart Tony Ryall , "Mr Ryall, why don't you stay in your box. I'm running this show." In February 2008, as

4420-408: Was governed by a group that is partially elected and partially appointed. Since the 2001 New Zealand local elections , the elected part of the board had been determined as part of the triennial local elections using the single transferable vote system. There were generally eleven board members, seven of whom are elected and the remaining appointed by the minister of health. The minister also appointed

4488-472: Was meant to ensure that public hospitals did not have privileged access to purchasing resources over private hospitals. Following the 1996 election , the governing National Party and its New Zealand First coalition partner merged the RHAs in 1997 into a national purchasing agency, the Health Funding Authority. Under the Health and Disability Services Amendment Act 1998, the Crown Health Enterprises were revamped as Hospital and Health Services (HHS). As part of

4556-431: Was that 226,362 (51.3%) people were employed full-time, 68,367 (15.5%) were part-time, and 14,703 (3.3%) were unemployed. District health board District health boards ( DHBs ) in New Zealand were organisations established by the New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 under the Fifth Labour Government , responsible for ensuring the provision of health and disability services to populations within

4624-424: Was viewed as mixed. Key claimed a win in the 2 September The Press leaders' debate after Cunliffe could not answer whether family homes held in a trust would be exempt under Labour's capital gains tax policy, but then went on to recover in the second and third debates. Cunliffe's Labour Party received 25.1% of the party vote and 32 seats, its lowest share of the vote since 1922, while the National Party gained

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