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60-400: Counter-Strike ( CS ) is a series of multiplayer tactical first-person shooter video games in which teams of terrorists battle to perpetrate an act of terror (bombing, hostage-taking, assassination) while counter-terrorists try to prevent it (bomb defusal, hostage rescue, escort mission). The series began on Windows in 1999 with the release of the first game, Counter-Strike . It

120-1046: A Local Area Network (LAN) version, 1991's Spectre for the Apple Macintosh, featured AppleTalk support for up to eight players. Spectre's popularity was partially attributed to the display of a player's name above their cybertank. There followed 1993's Doom , whose first network version allowed four simultaneous players. Play-by-email multiplayer games use email to communicate between computers. Other turn-based variations not requiring players to be online simultaneously are Play-by-post gaming and Play-by-Internet . Some online games are " massively multiplayer ", with many players participating simultaneously. Two massively multiplayer genres are MMORPG (such as World of Warcraft or EverQuest ) and MMORTS . First-person shooters have become popular multiplayer games; Battlefield 1942 and Counter-Strike have little (or no) single-player gameplay. Developer and gaming site OMGPOP 's library included multiplayer Flash games for

180-466: A wide area network (a common example being the Internet). Unlike local multiplayer, players playing online multiplayer are not restricted to the same local network. This allows players to interact with others from a much greater distance. Playing multiplayer online offers the benefits of distance, but it also comes with its own unique challenges. Gamers refer to latency using the term " ping ", after

240-547: A "mercenary for hire", was created by ATI to promote some of its products. Computer-animated videos produced by RhinoFX about Ruby on a mission (being a sniper, saboteur, hacker and so on) appeared at large technology shows such as CeBIT and CES . Although AMD strongly considered making the functional part of the ATI drivers "open source", before the merger with AMD, ATI had no plans to release their graphics drivers as free software: Proprietary, patented optimizations are part of

300-478: A LAN. This involves multiple devices using one local network to play together. Networked multiplayer games on LAN eliminate common problems faced when playing online such as lag and anonymity. Games played on a LAN network are the focus of LAN parties . While local co-op and LAN parties still take place, there has been a decrease in both due to an increasing number of players and games utilizing online multiplayer gaming. Online multiplayer games connect players over

360-678: A cable. Their article includes a type-in , two-player Hangman , and describes the authors' more-sophisticated Flash Attack . SuperSet Software 's Snipes (1981) uses networking technology that would become Novell NetWare . Digital Equipment Corporation distributed another multi-user version of Star Trek , Decwar , without real-time screen updating; it was widely distributed to universities with DECsystem-10s. In 1981 Cliff Zimmerman wrote an homage to Star Trek in MACRO-10 for DECsystem-10s and -20s using VT100-series graphics. "VTtrek" pitted four Federation players against four Klingons in

420-451: A drastically different way, with different mechanics, a different type of objective, or both. Examples of games with strong asymmetry include Dead by Daylight , Evolve , and Left 4 Dead . Asynchronous multiplayer is a form of multiplayer gameplay where players do not have to be playing at the same time. This form of multiplayer game has its origins in play-by-mail games , where players would send their moves through postal mail to

480-476: A game master, who then would compile and send out results for the next turn. Play-by-mail games transitioned to electronic form as play-by-email games. Similar games were developed for bulletin board systems , such as Trade Wars , where the turn structure may not be as rigorous and allow players to take actions at any time in a persistence space alongside all other players, a concept known as sporadic play. These types of asynchronous multiplayer games waned with

540-415: A multiple-system, multiplayer mode. Turn-based games such as chess also lend themselves to single system single screen and even to a single controller. Multiple types of games allow players to use local multiplayer. The term "local co-op" or "couch co-op" refers to local multiplayer games played in a cooperative manner on the same system; these may use split-screen or some other display method. Another option

600-403: A number of console , and personal computer games too. Local multiplayer games played on a singular system sometimes use split screen , so each player has an individual view of the action (important in first-person shooters and in racing video games ) Nearly all multiplayer modes on beat 'em up games have a single-system option, but racing games have started to abandon split-screen in favor of

660-572: A penalty. Originally a modification for Half-Life , the development team was hired by Valve in 2000, when the company acquired the rights to Counter-Strike . The game received a port to Xbox in 2003. It was also ported to OS X and Linux in the form of a beta in January 2013. A full release was published in April 2013. Counter-Strike was followed up with Counter-Strike: Condition Zero , developed by Turtle Rock Studios and released in 2004. It used

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720-557: A program running on each terminal (for each player), sharing a segment of shared memory (known as the "high segment" in the OS TOPS-10). The games became popular, and the university often banned them because of their RAM use . STAR was based on 1974's single-user, turn-oriented BASIC program STAR, written by Michael O'Shaughnessy at UNH. Wasserman and Stryker in 1980 described in BYTE how to network two Commodore PET computers with

780-427: A significantly different experience of the game. In games with light asymmetry, the players share some of the same basic mechanics (such as movement and death), yet have different roles in the game; this is a common feature of the multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) genre such as League of Legends and Dota 2 , and in hero shooters such as Overwatch and Apex Legends . A first-person shooter that adopts

840-615: A single computer were STAR (based on Star Trek ), OCEAN (a battle using ships, submarines and helicopters, with players divided between two combating cities) and 1975's CAVE (based on Dungeons & Dragons ), created by Christopher Caldwell (with artwork and suggestions by Roger Long and assembly coding by Robert Kenney) on the University of New Hampshire 's DECsystem-10 90. The university's computer system had hundreds of terminals, connected (via serial lines) through cluster PDP-11s for student, teacher, and staff access. The games had

900-513: A three-dimensional universe. Flight Simulator II , released in 1986 for the Atari ST and Commodore Amiga, allowed two players to connect via modem or serial cable and fly together in a shared environment. MIDI Maze , an early first-person shooter released in 1987 for the Atari ST , featured network multiplay through a MIDI interface before Ethernet and Internet play became common. It

960-400: A utility which measures round-trip network communication delays (by the use of ICMP packets). A player on a DSL connection with a 50- ms ping can react faster than a modem user with a 350-ms average latency. Other problems include packet loss and choke, which can prevent a player from "registering" their actions with a server. In first-person shooters, this problem appears when bullets hit

1020-411: Is hot-seat games . Hot-seat games are typically turn-based games with only one controller or input set – such as a single keyboard/mouse on the system. Players rotate using the input device to perform their turn such that each is taking a turn on the "hot-seat". Not all local multiplayer games are played on the same console or personal computer. Some local multiplayer games are played over

1080-426: Is a Japanese arcade adaptation of Counter-Strike published by Namco for Linux -based machines. The game is set in a futuristic version of Counter-Strike , with characters featuring anime-like designs. A selection of single-player missions, mini-games, and seasonal events were added to prolong the players' interest on the game. Counter-Strike Online is a free-to-play spin-off available in much of eastern Asia. It

1140-512: Is backwards compatible on the Xbox One console. On March 22, 2023, Valve announced Counter-Strike 2 , which utilizes the Source 2 game engine . It was originally announced as a free upgrade to Global Offensive with a summer 2023 release date. On September 1, 2023, it was released as a limited beta, and the game replaced Global Offensive on September 27. Counter-Strike Neo (stylized NEO)

1200-501: Is considered the first multiplayer 3D shooter on a mainstream system, and the first network multiplayer action-game (with support for up to 16 players). There followed ports to a number of platforms (including Game Boy and Super NES ) in 1991 under the title Faceball 2000 , making it one of the first handheld, multi-platform first-person shooters and an early console example of the genre. Networked multiplayer gaming modes are known as "netplay". The first popular video-game title with

1260-520: Is often done via a third-party program that modifies the game's code at runtime to give one or more players an advantage. In other situations, it is frequently done by changing the game's files to change the game's mechanics. ATI Technologies ATI Technologies Inc. was a Canadian semiconductor technology corporation based in Markham, Ontario , that specialized in the development of graphics processing units and chipsets . Founded in 1985,

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1320-636: The Counter-Strike franchise has sold over 25 million units. Because of its popularity, Counter-Strike has attracted considerable academic attention. Researchers have used data from Counter-Strike , among others, to examine the mood of players, performance of obese players, or performance changes since the start of the Russian invasion in Ukraine. Multiplayer The history of multiplayer video games extends over several decades, tracing back to

1380-734: The Flipper graphics chip used in the GameCube video game console. They also created a modified version of the chip (codenamed Hollywood ) for the successor of the GameCube, the Wii . Microsoft contracted ATI to design the graphics core (codenamed Xenos ) for the Xbox 360 . Later in 2005, ATI acquired Terayon's cable modem silicon intellectual property , strengthening their lead in the consumer digital television market. K. Y. Ho remained as Chairman of

1440-500: The GoldSrc game engine. On September 23, 2014, an open beta was released on Steam. The game launched on October 7, 2014, featuring 50 maps and 20 game modes. The game features both player versus player modes such as team deathmatch , hostage rescue, and bomb defusal, alongside player versus environment modes such as cooperative campaign missions and base defending. Reception from critics was generally negative, with criticism aimed at

1500-598: The Guinness World Record for best selling MMO video game. This category of games requires multiple machines to connect via the Internet; before the Internet became popular, MUDs were played on time-sharing computer systems and games like Doom were played on a LAN. Beginning with the Sega NetLink in 1996, Game.com in 1997 and Dreamcast in 2000, game consoles support network gaming over LANs and

1560-480: The Half-Life GoldSrc engine, similarly to its predecessor. Besides the multiplayer mode, it also included a single-player mode with a "full" campaign and bonus levels. The game received mixed reviews in contrast to its predecessor and was quickly followed with a further entry to the series titled Counter-Strike: Source . Counter-Strike: Source was the first game publicly released by Valve to run on

1620-648: The Intel Core and Intel Core 2 processors, the D101GGC and D101GGC2 chipset (codenamed " Grand County " ) based on the Radeon Xpress 200 chipset. However, high-end boards with integrated graphics processor (IGP) still used Intel GMA integrated graphics processors . The deal with Intel ended with the purchase of ATI by AMD in 2006, with Intel announcing SiS IGP chipset (D201GLY chipset, codenamed " Little Valley ") for entry-level desktop platform, replacing

1680-771: The OEM field, ATI produced integrated graphics cards for PC manufacturers such as IBM and Commodore . By 1987, ATI had grown into an independent graphics-card retailer, introducing EGA Wonder and VGA Wonder card product lines that year. In the early nineties, they released products able to process graphics without the CPU: in May 1991, the Mach8, in 1992 the Mach32, which offered improved memory bandwidth and GUI acceleration. ATI Technologies Inc. went public in 1993, with shares listed on NASDAQ and on

1740-595: The Toronto Stock Exchange . In 1994, the Mach64 accelerator debuted, powering the Graphics Xpression and Graphics Pro Turbo, offering hardware support for YUV -to- RGB colour space conversion in addition to hardware zoom; early techniques of hardware-based video acceleration. ATI introduced its first combination of 2D and 3D accelerator under the name 3D Rage . This chip was based on

1800-536: The " Grand County " series chipsets. Besides full products, ATI also supplied 3D and 2D graphics components to other vendors, specifically the Qualcomm MSM7000 series SoC chips of handheld and upcoming Freescale i. MX processors ATI claimed in May 2006, that it had sold over 100 million 'cell phone media co-processors', significantly more than ATI's rival NVIDIA, and announced in February 2007, that

1860-528: The 1980s further popularized multiplayer gaming. Titles like Super Mario Bros. for the NES and Golden Axe for the Sega Genesis introduced cooperative and competitive gameplay. Additionally, LAN gaming emerged in the late 1980s, enabling players to connect multiple computers for multiplayer gameplay, popularized by titles like Doom and Warcraft: Orcs & Humans . Players can also play together in

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1920-732: The AMD Graphics Product Group (GPG), and ATI's CEO Dave Orton became the Executive Vice President of Visual and Media Businesses at AMD until his resignation in 2007. The top-level management was reorganized with the Senior Vice President and General Manager, and the Senior Vice President and General Manager of Consumer Electronics Group, both of whom would report to the CEO of AMD. On 30 August 2010, John Trikola announced that AMD would retire

1980-449: The ATI brand for its graphics chipsets in favour of the AMD name. In addition to developing high-end GPUs (originally called a VPU, visual processing unit, by ATI) for PCs and Apple Macs, ATI also designed embedded versions for laptops (Mobility Radeon), PDAs and mobile phones ( Imageon ), integrated motherboards (Radeon IGP), and others. "Ruby", a fictional female character described as

2040-575: The Board until he retired in November 2005. Dave Orton replaced him as the President and CEO of the organization. On July 24, 2006, a joint announcement revealed that AMD would acquire ATI in a deal valued at $ 5.6 billion. The acquisition consideration closed on October 25, 2006, and included over $ 2 billion financed from a loan and 56 million shares of AMD stock. ATI's operations became part of

2100-576: The Counter Terrorists—compete in game modes to complete objectives, such as securing a location to plant or defuse a bomb and rescuing or guarding hostages. At the end of each round, players are rewarded based on their individual performance with in-game currency to spend on more powerful weapons in subsequent rounds. Winning rounds results in more money than losing and completing objectives such as killing enemy players gives cash bonuses. Uncooperative actions, such as killing teammates , result in

2160-475: The Internet. Over time the number of people playing video games has increased. In 2020, the majority of households in the United States have an occupant that plays video games, and 65% of gamers play multiplayer games with others either online or in person. For some games, "multiplayer" implies that players are playing on the same gaming system or network. This applies to all arcade games , but also to

2220-496: The Internet. Many mobile phones and handheld consoles also offer wireless gaming with Bluetooth (or similar) technology. By the early 2010s online gaming had become a mainstay of console platforms such as Xbox and PlayStation . During the 2010s, as the number of Internet users increased, two new video game genres rapidly gained worldwide popularity – multiplayer online battle arena and battle royale game , both designed exclusively for multiplayer gameplay over

2280-625: The Mach 64, but it featured elemental 3D acceleration. The ATI Rage line powered almost the entire range of ATI graphics products. In particular, the Rage Pro was one of the first viable 2D-plus-3D alternatives to 3dfx 's 3D-only Voodoo chipset. 3D acceleration in the Rage line advanced from the basic functionality within the initial 3D Rage to a more advanced DirectX 6.0 accelerator in 1999 Rage 128 . The All-in-Wonder product line, introduced in 1996,

2340-532: The Source engine. Counter-Strike: Source was initially released as a beta to members of the Valve Cyber Café Program on August 11, 2004. On August 18, 2004, the beta was released to owners of Counter-Strike: Condition Zero and to those who had bought ATI Radeon video cards bundled with a Half-Life 2 voucher. While the original release only included a version for Microsoft Windows,

2400-640: The arcades. The games had broader consoles to allow for four sets of controls. Ken Wasserman and Tim Stryker identified three factors which make networked computer games appealing: John G. Kemeny wrote in 1972 that software running on the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System (DTSS) had recently gained the ability to support multiple simultaneous users, and that games were the first use of the functionality. DTSS's popular American football game, he said, now supported head-to-head play by two humans. The first large-scale serial sessions using

2460-425: The asymmetrical multiplayer system is Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege . Giving players their own special operator changes every player's experience. This puts an emphasis on players improvising their own game plan given the abilities their character has. In games with stronger elements of asymmetry, one player/team may have one gameplay experience (or be in softly asymmetric roles) while the other player or team play in

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2520-404: The casual player until it was shut down in 2013. Some networked multiplayer games, including MUDs and massively multiplayer online games (MMOs) such as RuneScape , omit a single-player mode. The largest MMO in 2008 was World of Warcraft , with over 10 million registered players worldwide. World of Warcraft would hit its peak at 12 million players two years later in 2010, and in 2023 earned

2580-487: The company listed publicly in 1993 and was acquired by AMD in 2006. As a major fabless semiconductor company , ATI conducted research and development in-house and outsourced the manufacturing and assembly of its products. With the decline and eventual bankruptcy of 3dfx in 2000, ATI and its chief rival Nvidia emerged as the two dominant players in the graphics processors industry, eventually forcing other manufacturers into niche roles. The acquisition of ATI in 2006

2640-541: The emergence of electronic gaming in the mid-20th century. One of the earliest instances of multiplayer interaction was witnessed with the development of Spacewar! in 1962 for the DEC PDP-1 computer by Steve Russell and colleagues at the MIT . During the late 1970s and early 1980s, multiplayer gaming gained momentum within the arcade scene with classics like Pong and Tank . The transition to home gaming consoles in

2700-534: The enemy without damage. The player's connection is not the only factor; some servers are slower than others. A server that is geographically closer to the player's connection will often provide a lower ping. Data packets travel faster to a location that is closer to them. How far the device is from an internet connection ( router ) can also affect latency. Asymmetrical multiplayer is a type of gameplay in which players can have significantly different roles or abilities from each other – enough to provide

2760-676: The game alongside Valve. Counter-Strike 2 was announced in March 2023 and publicly released on September 27, 2023, as a replacement for Global Offensive . There have been several third-party spin-off titles created for Asian markets over the years. These include the Counter-Strike Online series, Counter-Strike Neo , and Counter-Strike Nexon: Studio . Counter-Strike is an objective-based, multiplayer tactical first-person shooter . Two opposing teams—the Terrorists and

2820-458: The game eventually received a port to OS X on June 23, 2010, with a Linux port afterwards in 2013. Counter-Strike: Global Offensive was the fourth release in the main, Valve-developed Counter-Strike series in 2012. Much like Counter-Strike: Source the game runs on the Source engine. It was available for Microsoft Windows, OS X, and Linux, as well as the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 consoles, and

2880-425: The game experience to give one player an advantage over others, such as using an " aimbot " – a program which automatically locks the player's crosshairs onto a target – in shooting games. This is also known as "hacking" or "glitching" ("glitching" refers to using a glitch , or a mistake in the code of a game, whereas "hacking" is manipulating the code of a game). Cheating in video games

2940-532: The game's poor user interface, microtransactions, and dated graphics. On October 30, 2019, Counter-Strike Nexon: Zombies was renamed to Counter-Strike Nexon: Studio . Counter-Strike has over 20 years of competitive play beginning with the original Counter-Strike . The first major tournament was hosted in 2001 at the Cyberathlete Professional League which, along with World Cyber Games and Electronic Sports World Cup , were among

3000-627: The largest tournaments for the Counter-Strike series up to 2007. Since 2013, the Valve-sponsored Counter-Strike: Global Offensive Major Championships have become the most prestigious tournaments in the franchise's history, featuring prize pools of around $ 1,000,000. Counter-Strike is considered one of the most influential first person shooters in history. The series has a large competitive community and has become synonymous with first person shooters. As of August 2011,

3060-581: The latter was an early first-person shooter . Other early video games included turn-based multiplayer modes, popular in tabletop arcade machines . In such games, play is alternated at some point (often after the loss of a life ). All players' scores are often displayed onscreen so players can see their relative standing. Danielle Bunten Berry created some of the first multiplayer video games, such as her debut, Wheeler Dealers (1978) and her most notable work, M.U.L.E. (1983). Gauntlet (1985) and Quartet (1986) introduced co-operative 4-player gaming to

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3120-534: The same room using splitscreen . Some of the earliest video games were two-player games, including early sports games (such as 1958's Tennis For Two and 1972's Pong ), early shooter games such as Spacewar! (1962) and early racing video games such as Astro Race (1973). The first examples of multiplayer real-time games were developed on the PLATO system about 1973. Multi-user games developed on this system included 1973's Empire and 1974's Spasim ;

3180-511: The value we provide to our customers and we have no plans to release these drivers to open source. In addition, multimedia elements such as content protection must not, by their very nature, be allowed to go open source. In addition to the above chipset, ATI struck a deal in 2005, with CPU and motherboard manufacturers, particularly Asus and Intel , to create onboard 3D Graphics solutions for Intel 's range of motherboards released with their range of Intel Pentium M -based desktop processors,

3240-692: The widespread availability of the Internet which allowed players to play against each other simultaneously, but remains an option in many strategy-related games, such as the Civilization series . Coordination of turns are subsequently managed by one computer or a centralized server. Further, many mobile games are based on sporadic play and use social interactions with other players , lacking direct player versus player game modes but allowing players to influence other players' games, coordinated through central game servers, another facet of asynchronous play. Online cheating (in gaming) usually refers to modifying

3300-542: Was developed by Nexon , with oversight from Valve . It uses a micropayment model that is managed by a custom version of the Steam back-end . Announced in 2012 and aimed at the Asian gaming market, a sequel titled Counter-Strike Online 2 was developed by Nexon on the Source game engine and released in 2013. In August 2014, Nexon announced Counter-Strike Nexon: Zombies , a free-to-play, zombie-themed spin-off, developed on

3360-547: Was developed by Ritual Entertainment was released alongside it as Condition Zero: Deleted Scenes . Eight months later, Valve released Counter-Strike: Source , a remake of the original Counter-Strike and the first in the series to run on Valve's then-newly created Source engine . The fourth game in the main series, Counter-Strike: Global Offensive , was released by Valve in 2012 for Windows, OS X , Xbox 360 , and PlayStation 3 . Hidden Path Entertainment , who worked on Counter-Strike: Source post-release, helped to develop

3420-559: Was important to AMD's strategic development of its Fusion series of computer processors , which integrated general processing abilities with graphics processing functions within a single chip, which would become a popular option on computers in the following years, especially lower cost models. In 2010, AMD ceased using the ATI brand name, renaming its flagship Radeon graphics processor products with its branding instead. Lee Ka Lau, Francis Lau, Benny Lau, and Kwok Yuen Ho founded ATI in 1985 as Array Technology Inc. Working primarily in

3480-515: Was initially released as a modification ("mod") for Half-Life that was designed by Minh "Gooseman" Le and Jess "Cliffe" Cliffe before the rights to the mod's intellectual property were acquired by Valve , the developers of Half-Life , who then turned Counter-Strike into a retail product released in 2000. The original Counter-Strike was followed by Counter-Strike: Condition Zero , developed by Turtle Rock Studios and released in March 2004. A previous version of Condition Zero that

3540-808: Was the first combination of integrated graphics chip with TV tuner card and the first chip that enabled display of computer graphics on a TV set. The cards featured 3D acceleration powered by ATI's 3D Rage II , 64-bit 2D performance, TV-quality video acceleration, analogue video capture, TV tuner functionality, flicker-free TV-out and stereo TV audio reception. ATI entered the mobile computing sector by introducing 3D-graphics acceleration to laptops in 1996. The Mobility product line had to meet requirements different from those of desktop PCs, such as minimized power usage, reduced heat output, TMDS output capabilities for laptop screens, and maximized integration. In 1997, ATI acquired Tseng Labs 's graphics assets, which included 40 engineers. The Radeon line of graphics products

3600-441: Was unveiled in 2000. The initial Radeon graphics processing unit offered an all-new design with DirectX 7.0 3D acceleration, video acceleration, and 2D acceleration. Technology developed for a specific Radeon generation could be built in varying levels of features and performance in order to provide products suited for the entire market range, from high-end to budget to mobile versions. In 2000, ATI acquired ArtX , which engineered

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