In France , secondary education is in two stages:
74-530: The Lycée Louis-le-Grand ( French pronunciation: [lise lwi lə gʁɑ̃] ), also referred to simply as Louis-le-Grand or by its acronym LLG , is a public Lycée (French secondary school, also known as sixth form college ) located on rue Saint-Jacques in central Paris . It was founded in the early 1560s by the Jesuits as the Collège de Clermont , was renamed in 1682 after King Louis XIV ("Louis
148-473: A gaullist member of parliament who would later become the mayor of Paris, was assaulted during a visit of the lycée . A hand grenade exploded inside its premises in early May 1969. A collection of the school's old scientific instruments was curated from 1972 and is now managed autonomously as the Musée Scientifique du lycée Louis-le-Grand . Louis-le-Grand has about 1,800 students, nearly
222-407: A professeur principal (main teacher or class tutor) who acts as the link between the teaching staff, administration and pupils. Ultimately, the collège has the task of preparing students for the advanced subjects of the lycée . At the end of the troisième class, students sit for le diplôme national du brevet , an end-of- collège examination . The brevet is not required for entrance to
296-554: A different professeur or teacher teaches each subject; most teachers teach several different age groups. Collège pupils stay in the same class throughout the school year and in every subject (except for optional courses such as foreign languages, where students from several classes mix), so each year-group is divided into as many classes as necessary. The strong belief in teaching in mixed-ability classes means that streaming occurs only rarely. Class sizes vary from school to school, but usually range from 20 to 35 pupils. Each class has
370-433: A few courses aimed for students from a given série that can also accept students from other séries if they have taken a given specialisation. Starting from the 2020-21 academic year, the S, ES and L streams of the general baccalaureate are deleted. Students of the general baccalaureate now choose three specialty courses, then keep two in the final year. There are 12 specialties (that vary in their availability depending on
444-529: A grade can appeal said decision. The decision of the appeals council is final. The lycée ( pronounced [lise] ) is the second and last stage of secondary education in the French educational system . The City of Paris refers to a lycée in English as a " sixth form college ". A pupil attending a lycée is a lycéen (masculine) or a lycéenne (feminine). Until 1959, the term lycée designated
518-399: A hands-on educational approach than in academic schooling. There are nearly 100 specialties, including: Leather crafts; Building technician; Maintenance of industrial equipment; Cooking; Road freight transport driver; Butcher, etc and others. French parents are not free to choose the state school that their children will attend; unless the children have special learning needs, they will attend
592-577: A law awarded a former tree nursery ground of the Jardin du Luxembourg to Louis-le-Grand for the creation of new classrooms, in anticipation of the main building's reconstruction. The new petit lycée [ fr ] , also designed by Charles Le Cœur [ fr ] , opened in 1885 and became independent in August 1891 as the Lycée Montaigne . In September 2008, Louis-le-Grand and
666-648: A new Jesuit college in Paris, as well as funds for two other colleges in the vicinity of Clermont, at Billom at Mauriac . The Parisian project was eagerly supported by Laynez, by then the Jesuits' Superior General , who wanted it to become "the most celebrated college of the Society". It was delayed, however, by dilatory initiatives by the Parlement of Paris , University of Paris , and local clergy, all of which opposed
740-470: A new case brought by the university and in the changed political context resulting from Henry IV's assassination in May 1610 by François Ravaillac , the Parlement of Paris forbade the Jesuits from teaching in Paris. That ruling, however, was reversed by a decision of Louis XIII on 15 February 1618, allowing the Jesuits to resume teaching for good. Despite its near-continuous interruption between 1595 and 1618,
814-452: A particular career. General and technological education courses are provided in "standard" lycées , while vocational courses are provided in separate professional lycées . In practice, competent pupils at a vocational lycée professionnel can also apply to take short-term, post–baccalauréat studies leading to the Brevet de technicien supérieur (BTS), a vocational qualification. That option
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#1732772366955888-497: A secondary school with a full curriculum (seven years, the present college + lycée) directly under the supervision of the state, then from 1959 to 1963 any secondary school with a full curriculum. Older lycées still include a collège section, so a pupil attending a lycée may actually be a collégien . At the end of the final year of schooling, most students take the baccalauréat diploma. There are three main types of baccalauréat , which are completely different from each other:
962-626: A section of the Faculty of Law, but were demolished in 1833 as they had become derelict. During the early Second Republic , an école d'Administration opened in July 1848 on the École Normale's former location, promoted by politician Hippolyte Carnot , but it met overwhelming opposition and ceased operating after about six months. Louis-le-Grand eventually acquired the remaining Plessis buildings in May 1849 and tore them down in 1864. Meanwhile, in 1822, Louis-le-Grand had expanded southwards by taking over
1036-514: A series of purchases in Gentilly to establish a rural retreat there, in 1632, 1638, 1640 and 1659, thus forming a major property that was eventually sold after the order's suppression in the early 1770s. One of its buildings survives and has been repurposed in the 1990s as the Maison de la photographie Robert Doisneau . In 1798, Louis-le-Grand (then known as Prytanée) acquired the former grounds of
1110-543: A smaller number of pensionnaires whose families paid for their boarding. As a broader consequence of the Jesuits' termination, the French state in 1766 initiated the Aggregation examination to raise the standards of teaching in secondary education. Louis-le-Grand aspired to a leading position in supplying future agrégés . Its ambitions failed to materialize, however, as only nine of its boursiers succeeded in
1184-467: A tenth of which are non-French from more than 40 countries. About half of these are enrolled in high school, and the other half in the classes préparatoires . Its boarding capacity is of 340 inside the building. Together with its longstanding rival the Lycée Henri-IV , Louis-le-Grand has long been the only French lycée that is exempted from the scheme of location-based enrollment known as
1258-473: Is available also to pupils at a lycée général . In France, the lycée général is the usual stepping stone to university degrees. Before 2021, the students of the general baccalaureate chose one of three streams (termed séries ) in the penultimate lycée year (S for Sciences; ES for Economics and Social sciences; and L for Literature). During the seconde , students mostly take the same courses, despite having different academic skills and interests, so it
1332-525: Is devised by the French Ministry of National Education and applies to all collèges in France and also for AEFE-dependent institutions. Académies and individual schools have little margin for curriculum customisation. Teachers compose syllabi per precise government educational regulations and choose textbooks accordingly, and every major French publishing house has a textbook branch. Usually
1406-522: Is my college"). A black marble slab with the inscription COLLEGIVM LVDOVICI MAGNI (College of Louis the Great) was promptly placed on the façade, in substitution to the earlier text COLLEGIVM CLAROMONTANVM SOCIETATIS IESV, which triggered controversy. (The anecdote was narrated by Gérard de Nerval in his short story Histoire de l’Abbé de Bucquoy , published in 1852 in the collection titled Les Illuminés .) The new inscription survived later turmoil, and
1480-408: Is restricted to the chosen course. For example, a student in série S can choose to specialise in mathematics , physics , " SVT " ( biology and geology ) or " engineering sciences" but not in philosophy . A student in série L can choose to specialise in one of his or her foreign languages (English being the most popular), a third foreign language or a dead language such as Latin, or one of
1554-516: Is surrounded by other storied educational institutions: the Sorbonne to its west, across rue Saint-Jacques; the Collège de France to its north, across rue du Cimetière-Saint-Benoist [ fr ] ; the Panthéon campus of Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University to its south, across rue Cujas ; the former Collège Sainte-Barbe to its east, across impasse Chartière [ fr ] ; and
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#17327723669551628-524: Is the terminale . In French , the word étudiant(e) is usually reserved for university -level students, and collège and lycée students are referred to as élèves ( pupils or students in English). The curriculum ( programme officiel ) is standardized for all French public institutions. Changes to the programme are made every year by the French Ministry of Education and are published in
1702-494: Is usually thought to be an easier year than either the première or the terminale . The baccalauréat général examination is different for all three séries , and subjects are weighted according to the course taken. According to the official statistics, for the 2003–2004 school year, 33 percent of all students chose série S ; 19 percent chose série ES ; and 11 percent chose série L . All students take philosophy courses in terminale , while French language classes end in
1776-1093: The Agrégation exams between 1766 and 1792, out of a total of 206 successful candidates during that period. During and after the French Revolution , the college was renamed several times in response to France's changing politics: Collège Égalité in January 1793, Institut central des boursiers in 1797, Prytanée français in July 1798, Lycée de Paris in 1803, Lycée impérial in 1805, Lycée Louis-le-Grand in 1814, Collège royal de Louis le Grand in 1815, Collège royal Louis-le-Grand in 1831, Lycée Descartes in 1848, Lycée Louis-le-Grand in 1849, Lycée impérial Louis-le-Grand in 1853, again Lycée Descartes in 1870, and finally again Lycée Louis-le-Grand in 1873. It has kept that name ever since. Throughout
1850-537: The Château de Vanves . In the 1840s it initiated the project of establishing there an annex, known as the petit collège . In 1853 this became the sole location of its petites classes or middle school . The facilities were expanded in 1858–1860 on a design by Joseph-Louis Duc . It became an independent establishment by imperial decree in August 1864, known since 1888 as the Lycée Michelet . In 1882,
1924-569: The Hôtel de Clermont on rue de la Harpe . The Hôtel de Clermont thus became the Jesuit order's first permanent home in Paris. It no longer exists following its annexation in the 17th century by the nearby Collège d'Harcourt [ fr ] , and stood on a location that is now part of the Lycée Saint-Louis . Upon his death on 23 October 1560, Duprat bequested an endowment for
1998-454: The petits collèges , were invited to follow classes at Louis-le-Grand. By 1764, these students also boarded at Louis-le-Grand. By then, the petits collèges effectively ceased autonomous activity, after which their property were gradually sold. Louis-le-Grand thus became the center of the university, even though ten other grands collèges survived until 1792. The nearby buildings of the Collège des Cholets [ fr ] , one of
2072-519: The petits collèges , were purchased by the monarchy in 1770 and repurposed as headquarters ( French : chef-lieu ) of the University of Paris. Meanwhile, by 1764 the former faculty of the Collège de Beauvais took over teaching at Louis-le-Grand from those of the Collège de Lisieux . Between then and the French Revolution , there were about 190 boursiers every year at Louis-le-Grand, and
2146-614: The Abu Dhabi Education Council launched the Advanced Math and Science Pilot Class, with one class of 20 girls and another of 20 boys. Classes were taught in English in Abu Dhabi , by professors sent from France. The students who made up the Advanced Math and Science Pilot Class graduated at the end of the 12th grade and were awarded a certificate of academic recognition by Louis-le-Grand. The final cohort of
2220-492: The Carte scolaire [ fr ] , even after the introduction in 2008 of the nationwide application known as Affelnet [ fr ] . This exemption has been criticized as a breach of territorial equality and a device for the self-perpetuation of French elites. It was decided to reform it in 2022. Louis-le-Grand has long been considered to play an important role in the education of French elites. In 1762, just before
2294-500: The Lycée Condorcet in the former couvent des Capucins de la Chaussée d’Antin , and in 1820, another new lycée took the premises of the former Collège d'Harcourt [ fr ] , now the Lycée Saint-Louis . Louis-le-Grand was thus one of only five public lycées in Paris for most of the 19th century, until Jules Ferry 's reforms greatly expanded secondary education in the 1880s. Bordering Louis-le-Grand to
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2368-477: The Mediterranean coast and ski resorts. Lyon , for example, is in zone A, Marseille is in zone B and Paris and Bordeaux are in zone C. In contrast to the practice in most other education systems, the school years in France are numbered on a decreasing scale. Thus, pupils begin their secondary education in the sixième (6th class) and transfer to a lycée in the seconde (2nd class). The final year
2442-617: The Professed House of the Jesuits ( école centrale de la rue Saint-Antoine , later Lycée Charlemagne ), and the Collège des Quatre-Nations ( école centrale des Quatre-Nations ). The latter building, however, was repurposed in 1801 for artistic training, and its secondary school was relocated to the Collège du Plessis [ fr ] adjacent to Louis-le-Grand then known as the Prytanée ( école centrale du Plessis ), then merged into it in 1804. In 1803, Napoleon created
2516-701: The Sainte-Geneviève Library to its southeast. Jesuit students, mostly from Spain and Italy, were present in Paris immediately after the Society of Jesus 's foundation, first in 1540 at the Collège du Trésorier [ fr ] and from 1541 at the Collège des Lombards [ fr ] . From 1550 on, Guillaume Duprat , the bishop of Clermont , who in the previous decade had met early Jesuit leaders Claude Le Jay [ fr ] and Diego Laynez and corresponded with Ignatius of Loyola , invited Jesuit students to stay in his mansion,
2590-441: The baccalauréat général (general baccalaureate), the baccalauréat technologique (technological baccalaureate), and the baccalauréat professionnel (professional baccalaureate). Lycées are divided into (i) the lycée général , leading to two or more years of post–baccalauréat studies, (ii) the lycée technologique , leading to short-term studies, and (iii) the lycée professionnel , a vocational qualification leading directly to
2664-453: The lycée , and passing it does not guarantee that a pupil will progress to the higher-level school. During the last conseil de classe of the year, held in June, teachers and administrators decide whether or not a pupil can progress to the next grade. In deciding, they evaluate the student's skills , participation, and behaviour . One of three outcomes is possible: A student asked to repeat
2738-424: The première , excepting the série L , where they become French literature classes, where pupils are to study two books during the year, from French writers, or foreign books translated into French (e.g. Romeo and Juliet during the school year 2007–2008, or The Leopard from Italian author Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa ). There also is a required option for further specialisation in all séries , although it
2812-461: The College de Clermont almost immediately recovered and reached an equivalent level of activity to its heyday of the 1570s and 1580s. Its adversaries made sure that it would still not obtain admission into the university, but otherwise their attempts to undermine it met with decreasing success, given the continuing support the Jesuits were able to secure from the monarchy and high nobility. The college
2886-542: The Great"), and has remained at the apex of France's secondary education system despite its disruption in 1762 following the suppression of the Society of Jesus . It offers both a high school curriculum, and a Classes Préparatoires post-secondary-level curriculum in the sciences, business and humanities . Louis-le-Grand is located in the heart of the Quartier Latin , the centuries-old student district of Paris. It
2960-466: The Jesuits accepted to overcome local opposition was not to formally name the college after the Society of Jesus as they did elsewhere. The college soon met considerable success, as it was both free and of high quality, disrupting the antiquated business models and longstanding conventions of the University of Paris . In particular, its theology course, led from the 1564 inception by Juan Maldonado ,
3034-520: The Jesuits became a key adversary for Jansenists . In 1554, the university's College of Sorbonne had already issued a negative opinion regarding the opening of a college in Paris. That opposition was temporarily overcome at the monarchy's initiative during the Colloquy of Poissy on 15 September 1561, but the university kept debating the matter after the college started teaching in 1564. On 16 February 1565, it refused to recognize it and thereby nullified
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3108-400: The Jesuits from France, including those in Paris. In 1595, the bibliothèque du roi was relocated into the college's premises and stayed there until 1603. That year, Henry allowed the Jesuits to return to France on the conditions that they be French nationals. They were allowed to retake the college building in 1606, and to fully restart their teaching in 1610. On 22 December 1611, however, upon
3182-487: The Jesuits opened an observatory , and in 1679 they created the elaborate sundials , augmented in the 18th century, that survive to this day on the northern side of the cour d'honneur thanks to preservation campaigns in 1842 and 1988. The college undertook a rebuilding campaign in 1628, on a design attributed to Paris municipal architect Augustin Guillain. It expanded by acquiring more buildings, to its northeast from
3256-401: The Jesuits' establishment. In July 1563, the Jesuits were finally able to purchase the former Parisian estate of the bishop of Langres on rue Saint-Jacques , where its current cour d'honneur now stands, and started teaching there in late 1563 ( Old Style ). The new institution was named Collège de Clermont , in recognition of Duprat's support but also because one of the conditions that
3330-548: The Ministry's Bulletin officiel de l'Éducation nationale ( BO ), the official reference bulletin for educators. The collège is the first level of secondary education in the French educational system . A pupil attending collège is called collégien (boy) or collégienne (girl). Men and women teachers at the collège - and lycée -level are called professeur (no official feminine professional form exists in France although
3404-456: The ceiling of the main entrance hall on 24 March 1918, and another left a large hole in the pavement of rue Saint-Jacques in front of the lycée 's entrance on 27 May 1918. During World War II , Jacques Lusseyran founded the resistance group Volontaires de la Liberté , in which a number of his fellow Louis-le-Grand students participated. The last significant new building project was a new auditorium ( French : salle des fêtes ), located in
3478-416: The college on 3 May 1762. The establishment was immediately nationalized and renamed Collège royal Louis-le-Grand . Teachers from the nearby Collège de Lisieux [ fr ] replaced the Jesuit fathers as faculty. This change triggered a broader reform of the University of Paris . The scholarship students ( French : boursiers ) of twenty-six smaller colleges of the University of Paris, known as
3552-525: The college to change its name to Collegium Ludovici Magni ( French : Collège Louis-le-Grand ). That act confirmed its royal patronage, despite the near-simultaneous Declaration of the Clergy of France and the kingdom's ongoing conflicts with the Papacy , to which the Jesuits were directly tied by their vows. Already in 1674, during his visit, Louis was said to have remarked "c'est mon collège" ("this
3626-1269: The college's nationalization, scholar Jean-Baptiste-Jacques Élie de Beaumont wrote: "The Jesuit College of Paris has for a long time been a state nursery, the most fertile in great men." Many of its former students have become influential statesmen, diplomats, prelates, writers, artists, intellectuals and scientists. It counts seven Nobel Prize laureates as alumni, second only to the Bronx High School of Science in New York City , one Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences and six Fields Medal winners. The Louis-le-Grand alumni laureates are, by chronological order of prize-winning: Frédéric Passy (Peace, 1901); Henri Becquerel (Physics, 1903); Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (Medicine, 1907); Paul d'Estournelles de Constant (Peace, 1909); Romain Rolland (Literature, 1915); Jean-Paul Sartre (Literature, 1964); Maurice Allais (Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, 1988); and Serge Haroche (Physics, 2012). Other notable alumni include: The Collège de Clermont made
3700-503: The college, was its music master ( maître de musique ) between 1688 and 1698. The college library had about 40,000 volumes as of 1718, and included unique manuscripts such as the Chronicle of Fredegar (occasionally known for that reason as Codex Claromontanus ) or Anonymus Valesianus . As in other Jesuit colleges, theatrical representations became increasingly prominent during the 17th century. Also as in other colleges, in 1660
3774-447: The context of broader urban remodeling of the neighborhood around rue Saint-Jacques, also including the rebuilding of the Sorbonne (1884-1901, architect Henri Paul Nénot ) and the extension of what is now the Panthéon campus of Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University (1891-1897, architect Ernest Lheureux). During World War I , the neighborhood was hit by Paris Gun shells, known to Parisians as la grosse Bertha . One shell tore through
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#17327723669553848-466: The courses were free of charge, boarding costs for the resident students, who typically came from elite families, were covered by gifts and scholarships, and the corresponding accounts were kept separate until the Jesuits' departure in 1762. In the 1580s, the college's students numbered in the thousands, of which several hundreds were resident ( pensionnaires and boursiers ). The faculty included several dozen Jesuit priests. Unlike most colleges of
3922-440: The examination is evaluating pupils' level on being graduated from primary school. The table at the right details the French curriculum. Along with 3-4 weekly hours of physical education , a typical school week consists of some 26 hours of schooling. French language and literature occupy the most time, 4-5 hours per week, followed by 4 hours per week of mathematics ; other subjects occupy 1-3.5 hours per week. The curriculum
3996-492: The examinations are now done over the school year but the students also have final exams in their 2 specialties as well as in philosophy, added to a general oral examination. After the seconde , students can also go on the lycée technologique to obtain the baccalaureat technologique. It includes eight other streams, called séries technologiques : The STPA and STAE stream are available only in lycées agricoles , speciality schools for agricultural sciences . The teaching of
4070-458: The feminine form "professeure" has appeared and seems to be gaining some ground in usage). The City of Paris refers to a collège in English as a " high school ". Entry in sixième occurs directly after the last year of primary school , called Cours moyen deuxième année (CM2). There is no entrance examination into collège , but administrators have established a comprehensive academic examination of students starting in sixième . The purpose of
4144-457: The first Western European translator of One Thousand and One Nights , had studied in this section and taught Arabic there from 1709. In 1742 the college had five Chinese students: Paul Liu, Maur Cao, Thomas Liu, Philippe-Stanislas Kang, and Ignace-Xavier Lan, who had come from China via Macau together with Jesuit Father Foureau. With the suppression of the Society of Jesus in France, the Jesuits were ordered to cease their teaching and leave
4218-424: The following arts: music, theatre, circus, " plastiques ". Specialisation adds a separate, weekly two-hour class in the chosen discipline; also, it increases the weight of the chosen subject at the baccalauréat . The syllabus in the specialisation class is unrelated to the material learned in the common class. Specialisation plays no role in the choice of a post–secondary career or subject at university , except for
4292-402: The former Collège des Cholets [ fr ] from the university. Louis-le-Grand's main buildings themselves were in an increasingly dilapidated state, implying danger for the students. From the 1840s onwards multiple attempts were made to start their reconstructions, but faltered for several decades. In the mid-1860s, Georges-Eugène Haussmann promoted a project to move Louis-le-Grand to
4366-526: The lessons is based on inductive reasoning and experimentation. It allows you to work or to pursue short and technical studies (laboratory, design and applied arts, hotel and restaurant, management etc.). The lycée professionnel leads to the baccalauréat professionnel . The courses are designed for students who do not plan to continue into higher education. The vocational training is for craftspeople and involves internships in commercial enterprises. The courses are suitable for students who are more interested in
4440-532: The north, some of the buildings of the former Collège du Plessis [ fr ] were partly used by the École normale from 1810 to 1814 and again from 1826 to 1847, after which it moved to its present campus designed by architect Alphonse de Gisors on rue d'Ulm [ fr ] . Others parts of the Plessis complex were temporarily awarded to the Paris University's Faculty of Letters and
4514-525: The other pupils at the school. In any city, there are "better" lycées and collèges, which parents would prefer their children attend. The two main methods used in such circumstances to get children into a school other than their assigned school are : A similar trick is used if some classes in a school are seen as "better" than others. For organisational reasons, students taking certain options are grouped into special classes, which may be academically attractive. They typically include classes taking German as
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#17327723669554588-463: The premises of the hôpital des incurables on rue de Sèvres [ fr ] , but that initiative was short-lived and the complex on rue de Sèvres was instead repurposed a decade later as Hôpital Laennec [ fr ] . Eventually, Louis-le-Grand was almost entirely reconstructed between 1885 and 1898 on a design by architect Charles Le Cœur [ fr ] , on a complex schedule so that teaching activities could continue during
4662-490: The prior favorable decision of Poissy. The multiple cases brought by the university before the court of the Parlement of Paris , and counter-cases from the Jesuits, resulted in a stalemate that lasted over the next three decades: the Collège de Clermont was not readmitted into the university system, but the Jesuits were able to continue and expand their activities, even though Maldonado was removed from Paris in 1575 following accusations of heresy by Sorbonne theologians. While
4736-532: The program graduated in 2017, marking the end of the program. (These pages are in French) Lyc%C3%A9e The school year starts in early September and ends in early July. Metropolitan French school holidays are scheduled by the Ministry of Education by dividing the country into three zones (A, B, and C) to prevent overcrowding by family holidaymakers of tourist destinations, such as
4810-439: The recently closed Collège de Marmoutiers [ fr ] in 1641, and to its south from the Collège des Cholets [ fr ] in 1656 and 1660. In 1682, the college was able to expand further by acquiring the buildings of the Collège du Mans [ fr ] to its east, after a century of attempts, as that college's activities were relocated elsewhere in Paris. Also in 1682, Louis XIV formally authorized
4884-441: The school allocated to them by the carte scolaire (school map). Reasons for attending a state school that is not their nearest include studying an option unavailable in the school to which they were originally assigned (e.g. a rare foreign language). For many reasons, many parents consider the allocated school standards inadequate, the teaching poor, and particularly if they do not like the idea of their children mixing with some of
4958-406: The school): arts , ecology , history & geography , humanities , languages , literature , mathematics , computer science , physics & chemistry , economic and social sciences , engineering sciences , biology & geology . These specialties are added to a part common to all: French , philosophy , history & geography , languages , sciences , sport . A large part of
5032-406: The southeastern corner of the premises and completed in the late 1950s. Louis-le-Grand had its share of May 68 turmoil and subsequent violence between far-left and far-right student factions. On 18 May 1968, it hosted the general assembly of the high-school students' action committees ( Comité d'action lycéen [ fr ] ) which called for a general strike. On 23 April 1969 Jean Tiberi ,
5106-428: The troubled 1790s, it was the only Parisian educational institution that remained continuously open, as it had been during the 1590s siege of Paris. Part of its premises, however, were used as barracks for soldiers, then as political prison and workshops. In 1796, three more écoles centrales opened in Paris, respectively in the former Abbey of Saint Genevieve ( école centrale du Panthéon , later Lycée Henri-IV ),
5180-547: The university, the Jesuit college remained open during the Siege of Paris in 1590, albeit with reduced activity, and inevitably colluded with the Catholic League , as did the university too. On 27 December 1594, an alumnus of the college, Jean Châtel , attempted to assassinate King Henry IV . As a reaction, the king took the side of the Jesuits' longstanding accusers such as Parlement lawyer Antoine Arnauld , and expelled
5254-412: The works, and at a record high cost. Le Coeur's design only preserved the northern and southern sides of the inner court (now cour d'honneur ) from the earlier college facilities. He created two vast courtyards to the north ( Cour Molière ) and south ( Cour Victor-Hugo ) of that central space, with multiple levels of classrooms connected by airy arcaded corridors. That rebuilding project took place
5328-860: Was regularly bolstered by royal visits, including by Louis XIII in 1625 and Louis XIV in 1674. On the latter occasion, the king donated a painting by Jean Jouvenet , Alexander and the family of Darius , which remains to this day in the office of Louis-le-Grand's principal. Several notable scholars were resident in the college, including mathematician Pierre Bourdin (1595-1653), historian Philippe Labbe (1607-1667), or Latinist Charles de la Rue (1643-1725). Other faculty included author René Rapin (1621-1687), scientist Ignace-Gaston Pardies (1636-1673), historian Claude Buffier (1661-1737), theologian René-Joseph de Tournemine (1661-1739), sinologist Jean-Baptiste Du Halde (1674-1743), rhetorician Charles Porée (1675-1741), and humanist Pierre Brumoy (1688-1742). Composer Marc-Antoine Charpentier , who may have studied at
5402-482: Was relocated on the eastern side of the cour d'honneur during the late-19th-century rebuilding. In 1700, Louis-le-Grand took over the École des Jeunes de langues , founded in 1669 by Jean-Baptiste Colbert , in line with the Jesuits' leadership in studying foreign languages and foreign cultures, reinforced since 1685 with the permanent mission in China initiated by six Jesuits from Louis-le-Grand. Antoine Galland ,
5476-406: Was so popular that the college's buildings were too small to contain the audience. Other prominent early faculty included Pierre Perpinien, Juan de Mariana , and Francisco Suárez . The University of Paris had been hostile to the Jesuits from the start, in line with its general rejection of novel initiatives and long before that hostility took doctrinal undertones in the 17th and 18th centuries as
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