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56-563: Commer was a British manufacturer of commercial and military vehicles from 1905 until 1979. Commer vehicles included car-derived vans, light vans, medium to heavy commercial trucks, and buses. The company also designed and built some of its own diesel engines for its heavy commercial vehicles. This business belonged to Commercial Cars Limited, a company incorporated in September 1905 by directors H C B Underdown , barrister and director of Direct United States Cable Co with H G Hutchinson

112-559: A Commercars "chassis" was transporting passengers at Widnes. Production of the first truck, the 3-ton RC type started in 1907. This was later modernized into the SC and so on through the YC range, which was also known as the "Barnet" series of trucks. Their first bus was made in 1909. With the outbreak of the First World War the factory turned to the manufacture of military vehicles for

168-511: A coupé utility variant with an additional side window. The Commer Express Delivery Van was a light commercial vehicle produced by Commer during the 1950s, competing in the 8–10 long cwt (410–510 kg) van range. It was based on the Hillman Minx saloon and evolved in parallel with that model, with designations ranging from Mark III to Mark VIIIB. The 1957 model, which featured a load space of 100 cu ft (2.8 m) and

224-923: A "commercial motor vehicle" as any motorized road vehicle, that by its type of construction and equipment is designed for, and capable of transporting, whether for payment or not: Commercial trucks are classified according to the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR). Commercial vehicles are divided into eight classes based upon the gross vehicle weight (GVW). The United States Department of Transportation classifies commercial trucks with eight classes: Commercial vehicles are sometimes sought after for historic preservation as classic cars . News about preservation can be found in magazines such as Hemmings Motor News and Heritage Commercials . Commercial vehicle accidents and injuries are often more complex than regular car accidents, often involving additional concerns, background checks on operator driving records, and corporate maintenance records. Cummins Cummins Inc.

280-632: A 1,500 cc (92 cu in) van. After engine and interior upgrades it was renamed the PB in 1967 and the SpaceVan in 1974. As noted above, it would be sold as a Dodge and Fargo model until 1976, when both Commer and Fargo names were dropped. These were rounded-front forward-control vans with narrow front track—a legacy of their Humber car-derived suspension. Utilising at first the Hillman -derived 1,500 cc (92 cu in) 4-cylinder engine in

336-539: A 1.5 long tons (1.5 tonnes) payload and relatively powerful engines for its size and time. Production ended in 1966 after Commer had launched the newer Walk-Thru in 1961, leading to the BF being offered as a cheaper alternative to what eventually became its successor. More heavy-duty versions of the BF range were also offered with the same engine as the Superpoise trucks. Due to the relation between Commer and Karrier at

392-646: A 60-percent-owned subsidiary of the Rootes Group . The Commer name was replaced by the Dodge name during the 1970s, following the takeover of Rootes by Chrysler Europe . After Peugeot purchased Chrysler Europe in 1978, the Commer factory was run in partnership with the truck division of Renault , Renault Trucks . For some time, it continued to produce the Dodge commercial truck range with Renault badges, and there

448-462: A commercial vehicle. Variations may exist from state-to-state on which "commercial vehicles" are prohibited on certain routes and lanes and between homeowner associations, which may employ broader definitions than their municipalities with regard to their own parking restrictions. Broadly defined, a vehicle may be considered a commercial vehicle if it: A vehicle can be used for a business, if not exclusively, and remain privately licensed, depending on

504-450: A constant mesh gearbox (Comer (sic) slogan—'dogs which bite with a click'). Unladen weight was (3.7 tonnes) 3 tons 13 cwt, the engine had four-cylinders, its output was 33 horsepower at 800 rpm. It had four forward speeds and was driven by side chains. Length 20 feet (6 metres), width just over (2.1 metres) seven feet and height (1.76 metres) two inches under six feet. The platform was (3.6 metres) twelve feet long. The newspaper noted that

560-443: A director of Royal Exchange Assurance to manufacture: commercial cars, omnibuses, charabancs , fire engines and every kind of industrial vehicle. In 1920, it was described as the first company to specialise in the manufacture of internal combustion industrial commercial vehicles. In order to go into volume production a site was bought in September 1905 at Biscot Road, Biscot , Luton . Construction of extensive new workshops began on

616-406: A full stop." Commer designed and manufactured its own diesel engines for its heavy commercial vehicles and buses. They were low-profile units designed to be deployed under the floor of the cab. The TS3 engine was a two-stroke diesel unit with three cylinders each containing a pair of pistons arranged with the combustion chamber formed between the crown of the piston pair and the cylinder walls. It

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672-502: A gearbox invented by Mr Linley, the works manager. Dog-clutches made the change rather than the spur wheels which remained in constant mesh. As well as the bus chassis Commer displayed a char-a-banc for thirty passengers and delivery vans being run by a substantial enterprise. A new "large and powerful" lorry, E43, registration BM 787, took part in the Great Commercial Motor Trials in September 1907. It also had

728-830: A global scale, for diesel engines above 3 liters. Its Emission Solutions unit develops and supplies catalytic exhaust systems and associated products to the medium and heavy-duty commercial diesel engine markets. Cummins Filtration designs, manufactures and distributes heavy-duty and light-duty air, fuel, hydraulic and lube filtration, chemicals and exhaust system technology products for diesel and gas-powered equipment. In contrast Cummins Electronics designs engine control units and sensors for Cummins diesel engines. Cummins Distribution Business consists of engine and power generation distribution as well as service and parts. The distribution unit of Cummins consists of 17 Cummins owned distributors and 10 joint ventures, covering 90 countries and territories through 234 locations. The Holset Engineering Co.

784-522: A joint venture with Dongfeng Automobile Company , as well as Guangxi Cummins Industrial Power with LiuGong . One of the most successful joint ventures is the joint venture with Foton called Beijing Foton Cummins Engine Company. This joint venture developed the ISG/X12 engine platform in the mid 2010s. The ISG/X12 in China has surpassed 240,000 units per year making it the highest volume heavy duty engine in

840-652: A joint venture with the Kirloskar Group . The ownership structure of the joint venture was divided as follows: In 1996 Cummins Inc. bought Kirloskar shares. Now it is a Cummins Inc. subsidiary. As of 2013, the Cummins group had revenues over $ 1.5 billion, 20 factories and 9000 employees in India. Cummins conducts a significant part of its R&D in India at the Cummins Research and Technology centre that

896-457: A network of more than 600 company-owned and independent distributors and approximately 7,200 dealers. The Cummins Engine Company was founded in Columbus, Indiana on February 3, 1919, by mechanic Clessie Cummins and banker William Glanton Irwin. The company focused on developing the diesel engine , which was invented 20 years earlier. Despite several well-publicized endurance trials, it

952-491: A pattern 53 Block. The case has been settled, but some qualified Chrysler owners may receive $ 500 for repairs to the block, which was alleged to crack and create a coolant leak. In April 2013, Cummins utilized technology developed by Westport Innovations to ship large natural gas-fueled engines to truck manufacturers in the United States as trucking companies began converting portions of their fleets to natural gas and

1008-465: A payload of approximately 9 cwt, was powered by a 1,390 cc (85 cu in) four-cylinder Hillman engine and was fitted with a four-speed column-change gearbox. It had coil-sprung independent front suspension and drum brakes all round with twin-leading-shoe units at the front. It was replaced by the Commer FC vans. The Commer Cob is a 7 cwt delivery van introduced in early 1956 based on

1064-409: A short run of these vehicles during 1970, however they were not a successful model. The body sides were flat steel, pop riveted to the steel sides. The Walk-Thru was later modernized and sold under the Dodge brand (parent company Renault / Chrysler) until the late 1970s when it was replaced by the 50 Series of commercial vehicles. The Commer FC was introduced in 1960 with many body styles, including

1120-472: A small diesel engine (31 kW), with a four-speed manual transmission and no automatic available. The last Spacevan was built in 1983. Commer made a range of military vehicles for use during the Second World War, with the range still in use in the 1980s. While serving in the army, British humourist Frank Muir reported a broken-down vehicle over his radio with the words "The Commer has come to

1176-442: Is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures, and distributes engines , filtration, and power generation products. Cummins also services engines and related equipment, including fuel systems , controls , air handling, filtration , emission control , electrical power generation systems , and trucks . Headquartered in Columbus, Indiana , Cummins sells in approximately 190 countries and territories through

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1232-526: Is now owned by Peugeot. In October 1917, Underdown was appointed Director of Agricultural Machinery at The Ministry of Munitions and the following biographical notes were published: Commercial vehicle In the United States, a vehicle is designated "commercial" when it is titled or registered to a company. This is a broad definition, as commercial vehicles may be fleet vehicles , company cars , or other vehicles used for business. Vehicles that are designed to carry more than 15 passengers are considered

1288-612: The Dodge B series van cab and a British designed medium-duty truck platform. Commer produced buses and is recorded as delivering four to Widnes in 1909. The Commando was released after the Second World War, and the Avenger on 28 February 1948, fitted with the TS3 engine from 1954. The Commando was used as a Crew Bus by the Royal Air Force following the Second World War with a 1 1/2 Length Observation deck. The Commer Light Pick-Up

1344-824: The Hillman Husky estate car, which was introduced in July 1967, was based on the Imp Van and used the same sheetmetal ahead of the B-pillar. The Commer BF was a light/medium duty van produced by Commer from 1957, with a design similar to that of the present step-van . Many examples of these vans were coach-built as ice cream vans and ambulances . A number of chassis cab versions were also produced but most of these went for export to countries such as Hong Kong , where they were converted as pickup trucks and box trucks with local bodywork and some other modifications. It had

1400-840: The Hillman Husky , itself a derivative of the Hillman Minx Mark VIII. Although similar to the Express it was shorter overall with a smaller payload area and a more rounded design. In 1958 new Cob and Husky models were introduced, based on the " Audax " Hillman Minx. The Commer Imp Van was introduced in September 1965 and was based on the Hillman Imp saloon. It was renamed as the Hillman Imp Van in October 1968, with total production reaching 18,194 units prior to it being phased out in July 1970. The last generation of

1456-561: The Rootes Group . Special products in their catalogue included their Cob tractor, their "mechanical horse" originated by Karrier in 1930, and municipal motor appliances: refuse collectors, sweepers and trolley buses. The Cob had been supplied to the Southern, LNE and LM&S railway companies and repeat orders were in hand at the time Karrier was bought. In the early 1960s production moved to Dunstable where Commer, Dodge (UK) and Karrier were all brought together. The Karrier trademark

1512-580: The "Commer Knocker" owing to the distinct noise it produced. Newer Commer vehicles had Perkins and Cummins diesel engines, and, less commonly, Mercedes diesel engines. The N-series was introduced in 1935, and was also used by the British armed forces in World War II. Production was halted in 1939 and was not recommenced after the war. Cab-over and bonneted trucks were both available, fitted with petrol or diesel engines. The six-cylinder petrol engine

1568-781: The 20-minute lab tests to verify compliance with the Clean Air Act , but then quietly disabled the emissions controls during normal highway cruising, thereby emitting up to three times the maximum allowed NOx pollution. In December 2023, Cummins was fined $ 1.675 billion by the U.S. Justice Department for violations of the Clean Air Act. Cummins was found to have installed devices designed to bypass or disable emissions controls on 960,000 Dodge and Stellantis RAM pickup truck diesel engines between 2013 and 2023. It will also pay $ 325 million in remedies and recalls. Cummins reported Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for

1624-778: The 4/5-ton LN5, the 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 -ton (5,600 kg) N5 was discontinued. However, the market decreed otherwise and the N5's revival was announced in February 1938. The Commer Superpoise range (Q-series) was introduced in 1939, with both semi-forward and full-forward control options. These newer models were more streamlined and modern in appearance and adopted an American International -like front end. The line included trucks of 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 to six tons capacity powered by 6-cylinder petrol or diesel engines. A new Superpoise range (QX-series, although QX had also been used on some earlier Superpoises) with payloads of between two and five tons

1680-609: The British Army, and by 1919 more than 3000 had been made. Though obliged to undergo financial restructure in 1920 in the hope of avoiding creditors, the business was unable to avoid repayment of a debt of £75,000 due to the Treasury, raised in order to pay 60 per cent Excess Profits Duty on wartime activities. Eventually, after agreeing terms with the Receiver in 1925, Commer was bought in 1926 by Humber . In 1931 Humber became

1736-806: The Cummins Onan Corporation, whose products remain in service today. This Business Unit was formed recently, following a merge of the Power Generation Unit and High Horsepower Sub-Division. On August 22, 2017, United Rentals announced it had acquired all mobile power generation assets from Cummins. To maintain fleet and customer service continuity, some Cummins employees joined United Rentals. Cummins Component Business Unit consists of emission solutions, filtration (Fleetguard), fuel systems, turbo technologies (Holset), and electronics. The Cummins Turbo Technologies unit designs and manufactures turbochargers and related products on

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1792-520: The Cummins RV family only strengthens the brand and more uniformly speaks to our manufacturers and consumers,” said Jodie Wilson. “The brand changing will not affect product or service offerings, but will help us to continue on our promise of delivering dependability across the globe.” Rebranding occurred globally on all marketing activities, as product branding changed across all manufacturing plants beginning July 2017. President Joe Biden visited

1848-821: The Cummins plant in Fridley, Minnesota on April 3, 2022. It was part of his "Investing in America" tour. Cummins had announced a US$ 1 billion initiative to produce clean energy technology, including electrolyzers for hydrogen cells in Fridley. Exhaust and emissions after-treatment company Nelson Industries was purchased in 1999, due to the increasing importance of exhaust after-treatment systems for meeting future emissions standards. The division changed its name to Cummins Emission Solutions to be identified more closely with their parent company. Cummins has some joint ventures with Chinese manufacturers, such as Dongfeng Cummins,

1904-695: The Cummins product line. The ISG/X12 is the foundation for all Cummins future engine platforms. Other entities were Cummins Beijing, Chongqing Cummins Engine, Xi’an Cummins Engine, Wuxi Newage Alternators, Xiangfan Fleetguard, Wuxi Cummins Turbo Technologies. Cummins India is the Indian subsidiary of Cummins. Cummins India is publicly traded on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE). Cummins began its India operations on 17 February 1962 in

1960-480: The Fun Roads brand will also be retired. As Onan will now be repositioned as an RV product line, with the new rv.cummins.com website and social media platforms serving as tools for RVers across the country to find relevant information like product specs and a sales and service locator. “Looking to unify Cummins into one cohesive, unified brand, we decided that consolidating both products (engines and generators) into

2016-773: The Holset brand name. In 1986, Cummins began the acquisition of Onan and completed it in 1992. Since then, Onan has evolved into Cummins Power Generation (now Cummins Power Systems), a wholly-invested division of Cummins. The Onan name continues to be used for modern versions of their traditional engine-driven generators for RV, marine, commercial mobility, home standby, and portable use. Cummins Inc. (NYSE: CMI) announced that it will be unifying its brand strategy across its Power Systems business segment, which provides high-speed engines from 760 – 4400 HP and power generation equipment from 2–3,500 kW, including standby and prime power gen sets, alternators, switchgear and other components. Currently,

2072-617: The PA series, then the larger 1,600 cc (98 cu in), and from 1968 onwards the 1,725 cc (105.3 cu in) unit in the PB, only the cast-iron-head version of this engine were used. A Perkins 4108 diesel was also available. Reportedly, one condition of the government bailout of Chrysler's British operations in 1976 was a commitment to upgrade the Spacevan, which was praised for its brakes, cornering, and price, but criticized for its power, comforts, and top speed. A revised Spacevan

2128-549: The amount of time used for business. In the United States, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration defines a "commercial motor vehicle" as any self-propelled or towed vehicle used on a public highway in interstate commerce to transport passengers or property when the vehicle: The federal definition, though followed closely, is meant to accommodate and remain flexible to each state's definitions. The European Union defines

2184-687: The five-acre site which was mostly complete by late 1906. Commercial Cars became a member of the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders in August 1906. It was one of the first manufacturers of commercial vehicles in the United Kingdom, its speciality being the Commer Car . At Olympia's Commercial Motor Show in March 1907, Commer exhibited a motor-bus chassis with a 30–36 horsepower engine and

2240-402: The largest fine to date. The fines came after manufacturers evaded testing by deliberately deactivating emissions controls during highway driving to give the appearance of being in full regulatory compliance during standard laboratory testing. The manufacturers also agreed to spend more than $ 1 billion to correct the problem. The trucks used engine ECU software to engage pollution controls during

2296-533: The most popular engines built is the 5.9-liter I6 engine used in the Dodge Ram heavy-duty pickups starting in 1988. In 2007, a 6.7-liter version of the Cummins straight-six engine became optional on the RAM pickup. In 2008, Cummins was a named defendant in a class-action suit related to 1998-2001 model year Dodge Ram trucks, model 2500 or 3500, originally equipped with a Cummins ISB 5.9 liter diesel engine built using

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2352-525: The natural gas distribution network in the United States began to expand. Cummins has a technical center in Darlington , England, for developing products for the European, Middle Eastern, and Asian markets. Cummins Power Systems Business Unit consists of alternators, automatic transfer switches, commercial power systems, consumer systems, engines, and paralleling systems. All of the above stem from

2408-605: The portfolio features the Cummins, Cummins Power Generation and Cummins Onan brands. With immediate effect, the branding will be consolidated under the Cummins brand. The Cummins Power Generation and Cummins Onan brands will be retired and the Onan name synonymous with mobile gensets, will be repositioned as a generator product line under the newly unified Cummins brand in the RV market. Cummins Inc. will also be permanently changing all “Fun Roads” branding to Cummins RV moving forward as well and

2464-655: The time, a rebadged version of the BF was also built and sold by Karrier with somewhat more economical engines compared to its original counterpart. The Commer Walk-Thru was introduced in 1961 as a replacement for the Commer BF. The Walk-Thru was offered in 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 -ton, 2-ton and 3-ton van and cab-chassis variants with a choice of diesel or petrol engines. This van was also built in Spain by Santana Motors , beginning in 1964. Todd Motors in Petone, New Zealand, made

2520-550: Was a pickup truck based on the Hillman Minx saloon and produced by Commer during the 1950s; a similar Hillman-badged model was also produced. The Mark III was powered by a 1,184 cc (72.3 cu in) four-cylinder engine , the Mark VI by a 1,265 cc (77.2 cu in) unit and the Mark VIII by a 1,390 cc (85 cu in) engine. Production ended in about 1958. Australian production circa 1950 included

2576-609: Was a British company that produced turbochargers , primarily for diesel and heavy-duty applications. In 1973 the company was purchased by Cummins after briefly being owned by the Hanson Trust . Holset now operates facilities in China, India, Brazil, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In 2006, the division officially changed its name to Cummins Turbo Technologies to be identified more closely with its parent company. The turbocharger products still use

2632-469: Was a small amount of product development. Eventually, Dodge production was cancelled in favour of mainstream Renault models, and there was a switch to the production of Renault truck and bus engines in the early 1990s. Many Commer vans and lorries are notable for being fitted with the Rootes TS3 engine , a two-stroke diesel three-cylinder horizontally opposed piston engine, which came to be known as

2688-498: Was available in 3,181 cc (194.1 cu in) or 4,086 cc (249.3 cu in) versions. The Perkins Leopard diesel engine was also available. The range included N as well as the lighter-duty LN range of trucks (numbered N1 through N6 depending on their approximate weight capacities in tons ), as well as the PN-series of buses, commonly fitted with diesels. There was also the 4/5 ton PLNF5 introduced in 1938. The LN

2744-528: Was coincidentally the same company that styled the 1955 Superpoise, leading to both vehicles using almost the same cab design and having many parts interchangeable. For export markets, the 200 series was sold as a Fargo or DeSoto . The Dodge would go on until 1963, before being modernized as the "Dodge 400 series", receiving the cab of the American Dodge D series medium-duty truck and a new range of engines by Perkins and Leyland Motors . This model

2800-500: Was designed specifically for the Commer range of trucks. The TS3 and derivative TS4 were unique in using rockers to deliver power to the single crankshaft. The TS4 engine ran 1.2 million miles as a pre-production prototype. It was a 4-cylinder version of the TS3. The Scottish motor racing team Ecurie Ecosse , used a Commer-based double-deck transporter during the 1950s. Commer acquired the Karrier company in 1934 and Karrier joined

2856-667: Was established in 2003. Cummins has built a technical centre in Pune which houses over 2500 engineers, called CTCI (Cummins Technical Centre India). Cummins India has made significant contributions to local skill development by establishing the MKSSS's Cummins College of Engineering for Women , a women-only engineering college in Pune. In 1998, the EPA announced fines totaling $ 83.4 million against Cummins and six other diesel engine manufacturers,

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2912-545: Was introduced in 1955. The truck proved fairly popular but did not provide fierce competition for products by more known brands such as Leyland and Bedford . Production ended in 1961. Even though Commer was not purchased by Chrysler until 1967, the British Dodge 200 series (the successor to the Dodge 100 "Kew" trucks) which came out in 1958, had its cab styled by a company called Airflow Streamlines of Northampton after Chrysler contracted them. Airflow Streamlines

2968-490: Was mostly produced for export but was also available to the United Kingdom . The model was not successful on its home market and production there would end by 1965. Due to the Dodge 400 series being almost identical to the original American truck, telling the 2 apart is almost impossible. Dodge would re-use the method of mating an American truck with a European chassis on the Dodge 50 series of 1979, effectively using

3024-868: Was not until 1933 that their Model H engine, used in small railroad switchers, proved successful. The Cummins N Series engines became the industry leader in the post-World War II road-building boom in the United States, with more than half of the heavy-duty truck market using Cummins engines from 1952 to 1959. In the 1960s, the company opened an assembly plant in Shotts , Scotland (closed in 1996). By 2013, Cummins had operations in 197 countries and territories. Cummins Engine Business Unit consists of aftermarket support, mid-range, heavy-duty, and high-power engines. Its markets include heavy and medium-duty trucks, buses, recreational vehicles (RV), light-duty automotive, and several industrial uses, including construction, mining, marine, oil, gas, railroad and military equipment. One of

3080-412: Was officially capable of carrying weights similar to those of the corresponding N-series trucks, but had a lower overall max weight and was "definitely not intended to carry an overload" – a tacit recognition of British truckers' habitual overloading of their trucks. The LN-range was also designed to operate effectively within the 1930s 30 mph speed limit for heavier lorries. After the introduction of

3136-710: Was thus introduced in 1977, using the same mechanicals but with numerous cosmetic changes, conveniences, and a new interior. Although outdated by its demise in 1982, by which time Commer had been taken over by Peugeot, the Spacevan remained a familiar sight in the UK thanks to its role with Post Office Telecommunications —which was almost solely responsible for it remaining in production for so long. These vans and outstanding orders were inherited by British Telecom on its formation in October 1981. By this time, there were three engines: two 1.7-litre petrol engines of 37 kW (with low compression) and 42 kW (with high compression), and

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