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43-526: The Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food regulates the quality of Spanish foodstuffs via a labelling system which establishes, among other things, a denominación de origen for the country's highest-quality produce. There is a semi-autonomous governing body ( Consejo Regulador ) for each region and for each food type, comprising skilled, impartial members who investigate the quality, ingredients and production process of each product, ensuring they attain specific quality levels. They report to

86-603: A category formed in 2003 along with VP. The VC category is used for wines that do not fully meet the stringent standards of the DO category, but are above the standards of the IGP category. IGP – indicación geográfica protegida ( protected geographical indication (PGI)). This is part of the EU PGI scheme, which includes wines below the DOP level, and is wine originating from a specific place,

129-425: A central council at national government level, but are normally based in the largest population centre of a given region and are responsible for ensuring labelling reflects geographical region. Products labelled denominación de origen , apart from being of superior quality, are expected to carry specific characteristics of geographical region or individual producer and be derived from raw materials originating within

172-441: A general rule, a black hoof should indicate an ibérico ham, the ancestry could be exceedingly cross-bred or untraceable, and also there were cases of ham sourced from rare breeds with dark hoofs, and even manually darkened hoofs. Modern regulations allow the use of the wording pata negra only for black label jamón sourced from acorn-fed pure-bred Black Iberian pork. Notable producers of Ibérico are recognized by both

215-695: A region or a country, which has a certain quality, reputation or other characteristic - including production phases - that can be essentially attributed to its geographical origin, at least one of which takes place in the defined geographical area. These can use the traditional term Vino de la Tierra (VT). VdM – vino de mesa ('table wine'), the catch-all at the bottom of the pyramid, for all wine from unclassified vineyards, and wine that has been declassified by blending. This includes both inexpensive jug wines and some expensive wines that are not yet classified due to innovation outside traditional lines. The two DOCa/DOQ regions are Priorat ( Tarragona ) and Rioja ,

258-550: A series of color-coded labels, was phased in starting in January 2014. Some notes: Meaning literally 'black foot or paw', pata negra is a commercial label for jamón ibérico. In colloquial Spanish and popular culture, it is used as a superlative or synonym of the best . It referred to the color of the pigs' hoof , which are white or fair-colored in most traditional and commercial pork breeds in Spain, but always black in

301-673: A wide range of foods and condiments, specifically: Quality foods may be designated a range of classifications, of which denominación de origen is the recognition of superior quality, with identifiable characteristics and specific ingredients, derived from an identifiable and verifiable source. Other classifications, not necessarily mutually exclusive, are as follows, under the general heading of alimentos de calidad diferenciada ('foods of distinguished quality'): By 2004, Spain had 250 denominaciones de origen and indicaciones geográficas protegidas , over half of which related to food. The following list of better-known denominaciónes de origen

344-624: Is a variety of jamón or presunto , a type of cured leg of pork (primarily Black Iberian pigs ) produced in Spain and Portugal , in the Iberian Peninsula . It is considered a staple of both Portuguese cuisine and Spanish cuisine . According to Spain's denominación de origen rules and current regulations on jamón , the dry-cured jamón ibérico must be made from either pure breed Black Iberian pigs or cross-bred pigs at least 50% Black Iberian mixed only with Duroc pigs ,

387-527: Is by no means exhaustive: The denominaciones de origen for olive oil include: The famous jamón ibérico has several denominaciones de origen , including: There are just four protected appellations for vinegar in the EU, of which three are in Spain: Wine region classification in Spain takes a quite complex hierarchical form in which the denominación de origen is a mainstream grading, equivalent to

430-480: Is ingrained in the local Portuguese culture and tradition, with annual festivals in their honor, such as the Feira do Porco Preto, an annual festival in the region of Ourique . Immediately after weaning, the piglets are fattened on barley and maize for several weeks. The pigs are then allowed to roam in pasture and oak groves known as dehesa to feed naturally on grass, herbs, acorns , chestnuts , and roots, until

473-516: Is limited, the buyer should beware and not fall victim of retail or wholesale bait-and-switch or fraud similar to that in olive oil export fraud , since it has been estimated that a sizable portion of both local market and exports are not actually ibérico . Prior to 2005, only pork raised and slaughtered outside Spain was allowed to be processed in Spain for export to the United States of America , due to fear of swine fever . In 2005,

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516-591: Is suppressed and the Ministry of Development recovered. With the approval of Royal Decree of 3 November 1928, the Ministry of National Economy was created, to which the Directorate-General for Agriculture was transferred along with the agricultural chambers, the agronomic council and the association of Cattle Ranchers and the services of Hygiene and Livestock Health. By Decree of 16 December 1931,

559-552: Is the department of the Government of Spain responsible for proposing and carrying out the government policy on agricultural , livestock and fishery resources, food industry , rural development and human food . The Ministry is responsible for assigning Veterinary Surgeons to carry out checks in regard to the issuing of REGA Licences ( Registro de Explotación ) a requirement for the ownership of horses on Spanish property and small holdings. Specifically, it corresponds to

602-570: The Black Iberian breed. The term used to be liberally applied in both Spanish and Portuguese , leading to quality and markets disputes, since the term was used interchangeably both as "great quality jamón " (of any breed) and ibérico jamón (of any quality). Alongside reputable pata negra producers, there were plenty of doubtful producers using the term in their labeling. Jamón has also been sold unlabeled in small towns and unpretentious establishments all around rural Spain . While as

645-783: The Estado de las Autonomías , and Spain's pending membership of the European Community (1986) that brought about a rapid classification of all Spanish produce in line with other member states. Finally, in March 1996, the Spanish government unveiled its own multi-tier sub-classifications, consistent with EU regulation but more pertinent to Spanish agriculture. Hence, for example, the EU's Quality Wines Produced in Specified Regions (QWPSR) covers all Spanish wines graded above

688-666: The Estatuto was quickly overwhelmed by technological advances in agriculture. By the time the EEC became influential in this area. it was clear that the law would require fundamental re-drafting. A new Estatuto , the Ley del Vino y de los Alcoholes (25/1970) came into place in December 1970 but was again undermined, this time by two important events: the new Spanish Constitution (inaugurated in 1978) that restated geographical considerations with

731-724: The French AOC and the Italian DOC . As of 2019, Spain has 138 identifiable wine regions under some form of geographical classification (2 DOCa/DOQ, 68 DO, 7 VC, 19 VP, and 42 VT). The Spanish DO is actually a subset of the EU -sponsored QWPSR (Quality Wine Produced in Specific Regions) regulatory code ( vino de calidad producido en región determinada (VCPRD) in Spanish) which Spain formally adopted in 1986, upon accession to

774-756: The Ministry of Environment and this ministry recovered the 1981-2008 denomination. In 2020, the ministry lost its powers on forestry . The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food is organised in the following bodies: In addition, the department has four autonomous agencies: This are the ministers since 1931, to see the ministers between 1900 and 1905 see Ministry of Development (Spain)#List of ministers . Office name: Office name: Office name: Jam%C3%B3n ib%C3%A9rico Jamón ibérico ( Spanish: [xaˈmon iˈβeɾiko] ; Spanish for "Iberian Ham"), known in Portuguese as presunto ibérico ( Portuguese: [pɾɨˈzũtu iˈβɛɾiku] ),

817-542: The President of the Republic Niceto Alcalá Zamora re-created the Ministry, incorporating the Directorate-General for Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, from the Ministry of National Economy, and the Directorate-General for Mines and Fuels, the Directorate-General for Forestry, Fishing and Hunting and the Directorate-General for Livestock, from the Ministry of Development . As happened with

860-786: The Secretariat of State and the Dispatch of General Development of the Realm and which had among its responsibilities the promotion of agriculture, nurseries and breeding cattle, gardening and conservation of mountains and trees or hunting and fishing . For this, it was made dependent on the Ministry the Department for Forestry Conservation and the Honorable Council of the Mesta. The agriculture responsibilities remained in

903-476: The (then) EEC. The Spanish appellation hierarchy was most recently updated in 2016, and is as follows: DOP – denominación de origen protegida ('protected denomination of origin'), is the mainstay of Spain's wine quality control system. Each region is governed by a consejo regulador , which decides on the boundaries of the region, permitted varietals, maximum yields, limits of alcoholic strength and other quality standards or production limitations pertaining to

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946-532: The EU and signing up to the Common Agricultural Policy during the latter part of the twentieth century. A series of Royal Decrees on wine were issued during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, focussing on ad hoc issues which arose due to new tendencies at home and abroad and often dealing more with maverick suppliers than any concern with comprehensive regulation. Gradually though, concern shifted from issues related to supply towards

989-532: The MAPA the preparation of State legislation on agriculture , fisheries and food; the proposal and carrying out of the general guidelines of the Government on agricultural, fisheries and food policies; the representation of Spain in the international organizations corresponding to these matters; as well as the coordination of actions, cooperation and agreement in the design and application of all policies that affect

1032-484: The Ministry of Development for nearly one hundred years. In 1870 there was already a Directorate-General for Public Works and Agriculture. Finally, in 1900, after the split of Education , the Development Ministry was suppressed and the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry, Commerce and Public Works was created to assume the rest of the responsibilities. However, five years later the Ministry of Agriculture

1075-463: The Ministry of Development, in 1933 the Ministry was divided into two: the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Industry and Commerce . It was the first time that there was a Ministry dedicated exclusively to managing the agricultural affairs. The separation became final, except in the period from 25 September 1935 to 19 February 1936, when it assumed again the responsibilities of industry and trade. The next big change would be made in 1981, when

1118-613: The Undersecretariat of the Ministry. The head of the Department is the Minister of Agriculture, currently Mr. Luis Planas . From the beginning of the 19th century, it is worth mentioning that under the reign of Ferdinand VII , the work of promoting agriculture were carried out by the Ministry of Finance or the field of livestock, under the authority of the Council of the Mesta . The Royal Decree of 9 November 1832 created

1161-468: The aging process. A whole leg does not last as long. If the jamón is regularly cut and covered with clingfilm or cheesecloth , an opened leg may last for three months. Freezing is not recommended, since it damages the fibers in jamón and alters flavours. The hams are labeled according to the pigs' diet and the percentage of the pigs' Iberian ancestry, with an acorn diet and pure-bred Iberians being most desirable. The current labeling system, based on

1204-652: The availability is stagnated, as the production is maxing out to ensure quality. This is leading to a rise in the price of jamón ibérico, which is expected to double between 2017 and 2021. However in 2020, the sales in Spain fell 35-40% because of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain . Bars and restaurants, one of the outlets for the product, were closed or restricted. Wedding celebrations also were postponed or had minimal attendance. Since jamón takes years from slaughter to sale, producers had to lower prices or go online to clear their stocks. Since jamón ibérico production and export

1247-453: The basic vino de mesa ('table wine'). The Spanish denominación de origen forms a subset of the QWPSR. This has coincided with a rise in the perceived quality of Spanish produce generally and has been widely acclaimed, although some areas, like the super-strict denominación de pago , remain controversial and liable to future amendment. Denominaciones de origen status can be applied to

1290-456: The black Iberian pig is typically found in the provinces of Huelva , Córdoba , Cáceres , Badajoz , Salamanca , Ciudad Real , and Seville . In Portugal, the central and southern regions have an abundance of this breed, with a predilection for the Alentejo region. In Portugal, the black Iberian pig is commonly referred to as porco preto ibérico or porco alentejano . The black Iberian pig

1333-422: The curing process the meat is dried in salt, which helps to prevent the build-up of harmful organisms, and then is hung to be exposed to the elements, producing an exterior layer of mold which helps to protect the meat inside. Normally, jamón is sold either sliced and vacuum-packed or as a whole leg. Vacuum-packed jamón may last up to 100 days at room temperature because the packaging seals out oxygen and slows

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1376-675: The ministry assumed the competencies on fisheries and was called Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food until 2008 when prime minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero merged it with the Environment Ministry and was renamed Ministry of the Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs. The new government of Mariano Rajoy renamed the department in 2011 as Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment and since 2016 as Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Food and Environment. In 2018, new prime minister Pedro Sánchez created again

1419-582: The need to regulate quality, especially for foreign markets. During the 1920s serious attempts were made to formulate some kind of classification along the lines of the French appellation system. Following the establishment of the Rioja as the first Spanish denominación in 1925, the Estatuto de vino ('wine statute') of 1932 coincided with national and international recognition of the sherry -producing region of Jerez . Despite being thorough and wide-ranging,

1462-490: The region, permitted varietals, maximum yields, limits of alcoholic strength and other quality standards or production limitations pertaining to the zone. VP – vino de pago ('estate wine'), a special term for high-quality, single-estate wines ( pago is a Spanish term for a vineyard estate) which in some cases also have DO or VC or IGP appellations. This category was formed in 2003. VC – vino de Calidad con indicación geográfica ('quality wine with geographic indication'),

1505-450: The region. Like most of these designations, a fundamental tenet of a DO label is that no product outside of that region is permitted to bear the name. Food and wine are inseparable from Spanish culture, historically bound to the social, economic, literary and even mystical fabric of society over thousands of years, so it is perhaps not surprising that attempts to regulate and normalise activities related to them have proven highly elusive. It

1548-615: The regulatory bodies of Spain , and the European Union . Their designations are legally protected. Some of them include: Ibérico encompasses some of the most expensive ham produced in the world, and its fatty marbled texture has made it very popular as a delicacy , with a hard-to-fulfill global demand comparable to that of Kobe beef . Around 13,000 metric tons of jamón ibérico and associated by-products were consumed in Spain in 2017, leading to an estimated 4 billion euros in retail sales. The demand keeps growing while

1591-453: The same restriction as required to keep official ibérico denomination on any Spanish pork meat product. Jamón ibérico, especially the one labeled de bellota , has a smooth texture, rich, savory taste, and regular marbling . The fat content is relatively high compared to jamón serrano . The black Iberian pig lives primarily in the central and southwestern region of the Iberian Peninsula , which includes both Portugal and Spain. In Spain,

1634-486: The scope of competences of the autonomous communities and the other public administrations , encouraging their participation through the cooperation bodies and instruments adequate. Unlike most ministries, this one has not any Secretariat of State and it works through three bodies with the rank of Undersecretariat: the General Secretariat for Agriculture and Food, the General Secretariat for Fisheries and

1677-508: The slaughtering time approaches. At that point, the diet may be strictly limited to chestnuts or acorns for the best-quality jamón ibérico, or maybe a mix of acorns and commercial feed for lesser qualities. The hams from the slaughtered pigs are salted and left to begin drying for two weeks, after which they are rinsed and left to dry for another four to six weeks. The curing process then takes at least twelve months, although some producers cure their jamones ibéricos for up to 48 months. During

1720-504: The two highest-regarded wine-producing regions in Spain, which carry the special denominación de origen calificada . The more prominent DO regions include: Along with the DO appellations, the Jerez-Xérès-Sherry DO of Spain uses the following categories: Ministry of Agriculture (Spain) The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food ( Spanish : Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación , MAPA ),

1763-429: The zone. As of 2019 there are 96 DOPs that are subdivided into DOCa, DO, VP, and VC. The sub-categories can be called DOP, or they can use the traditional terms of DOCa, DO, VP, and VC. DOCa – denominación de origen calificada ('denomination of qualified origin'), is the highest category in Spanish wine regulations, reserved for regions with above-average grape prices and particularly stringent quality controls. Rioja

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1806-410: Was not until the seventeenth century, when legislative authorities became sufficiently interested in issues such as public health , public order and economic regulation , that laws begin to be formulated with regard to wine , initially prohibiting, later encouraging and ultimately regulating its production, commercialisation and consumption. Food regulation waited even longer, until Spain's entry into

1849-465: Was the first Spanish region to be awarded DOCa status in 1991, followed by Priorat in 2003. Priorat uses the Catalan language DOQ , for denominació d'origen qualificada . These are the only two regions considered "above" DO status. DO – denominación de origin , the mainstay of Spain's wine quality control system. Each region is governed by a consejo regulador , which decides on the boundaries of

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