The Constantine Sneed House , also known as Windy Hill , is a historic mansion in Brentwood, Tennessee . It was one of four houses built by the Sneed family on the Old Smyrna Road.
79-583: The mansion was built circa 1825. It was built by Constantine Sneed (1790-1864), the son of James Sneed and the great-great-great-great uncle of Carly Fiorina , a veteran of the American Revolutionary War who received a land grant of 640 acres in Williamson County in 1798. One of Constantine Sneed's brothers was Reverend Joseph P. Sneed . It is a two-story brick house, upon a fancy dressed limestone foundation, with brick on
158-511: A Bachelor of Arts in philosophy and medieval history at Stanford University , in 1976. During her summers, she worked as a secretary for Kelly Services . She attended the UCLA School of Law in 1976, but dropped out after one semester. She worked as a receptionist for six months at a real estate firm, Marcus & Millichap , moving up to a broker position. When she married in 1977, she and her husband moved to Bologna , Italy , where he
237-525: A property in Williamson County, Tennessee on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Carly Fiorina Cara Carleton " Carly " Fiorina ( / ˌ f iː ə ˈ r iː n ə / ; née Sneed ; born September 6, 1954) is an American businesswoman and politician, known primarily for her tenure as chief executive officer (CEO) of Hewlett-Packard (HP) from 1999 to 2005. Fiorina
316-461: A "highly symbolic decision" that was well-received as a return to innovation by HP. Steven Levy , writing in 2015 on the agreement, wrote that "Steve Jobs blithely mugged her and HP's shareholders. By getting Fiorina to adopt the iPod as HP's music player, Jobs had effectively gotten his [iTunes] software installed on millions of computers for free, stifled his main competitor, and gotten a company that prided itself on invention to declare that Apple
395-500: A building construction project officially completed in fall 2008. The renovation and addition offers larger and more technologically advanced classrooms, expanded community areas and eating facilities, known as the Star Commons, improved library facilities, and more study options for students. Duke Law School publishes eight academic journals or law reviews , which are, in order of their founding: Law and Contemporary Problems
474-666: A charity that has donated to causes including Care-a-Van for Kids, a transportation program to aid seriously ill children, and the African Leadership Academy , an educational institution in South Africa. The foundation 'enables corporations, spokeswomen entrepreneurs and philanthropists alike to address some of the world's most challenging issues,' according to Fiorina's Web site, carlyfiorina.com." The San Francisco Chronicle reported that "Records also show that her Fiorina Foundation has never registered with
553-422: A management trainee, selling telephone services to big federal agencies. In 1990, she became the company's first female officer as senior vice president overseeing the company's hardware and systems division, eventually heading its North American operations. In 1995, Fiorina led corporate operations for Lucent Technologies, Inc., a spin-off from AT&T of its Western Electric and Bell Labs divisions into
632-485: A median of 170 (top three percent of test takers worldwide). The 25th and 75th undergraduate GPA percentiles were 3.78 and 3.96, respectively, with a median of 3.87. The school has approximately 750 JD students and 100 students in the LLM and SJD programs. Duke Law School is currently ranked number four, along with Harvard Law School , University of Pennsylvania Law School , and University of Virginia School of Law in
711-433: A new company. In that capacity, she reported to Lucent chief executive Henry B. Schacht . She played a key role in planning and implementing the 1996 initial public offering of a successful stock and company launch strategy. The spin-off became one of the most successful IPOs in U.S. history, raising US$ 3 billion. Later in 1996, Fiorina was appointed president of Lucent's consumer products sector. In 1997, she
790-535: A partnership with Fiorina and OWI to provide financial resources, education and training to two million women living in poverty. Fiorina was referred to as Global Ambassador to Opportunity International. On May 4, 2015, Opportunity International announced that Fiorina was resigning from the Board after the announcement of her presidential candidacy. Fiorina is the chair and CEO of the Fiorina Foundation,
869-404: Is a quarterly, interdisciplinary, faculty-edited publication of the law school. Unlike traditional law reviews, L&CP uses a symposium format, generally publishing one symposium per issue on a topic of contemporary concern. L&CP hosts an annual conference at the law school featuring the authors of one of the year’s four symposia. Established in 1933, it is the oldest journal published at
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#1732800962338948-637: Is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Carly was a Brownie but did not become a Girl Scout due to her family's frequent moves. She attended Channing School , in London. She later attended five different high schools, including one in Ghana , graduating from Charles E. Jordan High School in Durham, North Carolina . At one time she aspired to be a classical pianist . She received
1027-569: The Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women . In 2005, The Wall Street Journal described Fiorina as the epitome of "an alluring, controversial new breed of chief executive officers who combine grand visions with charismatic but self-centered and demanding styles". The same year, Wharton School professor Michael Useem opined, "Fiorina scored high on leadership style, but she failed to execute strategy". Following her forced resignation from HP, several commentators ranked Fiorina as one of
1106-545: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. In December 2020, she was elected the chair of the board of trustees. Duke University School of Law The Duke University School of Law is the law school of Duke University , a private research university in Durham, North Carolina . One of Duke's 10 schools and colleges, the School of Law is a constituent academic unit that began in 1868 as
1185-580: The Fox Business Network as a business commentator. After resigning from HP, Fiorina served on the board of Revolution Health Group and computer security company Cybertrust in 2005. In 2006, she became a member of the board of directors for chip maker Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), but resigned from that board on November 30, 2009, with the company saying this was "because she planned to devote her full time and energy" to her Senate campaign. She had attended 17% of
1264-783: The Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences , the Pratt School of Engineering , and the Sanford School of Public Policy ; and a JD/LLM dual degree program in International and Comparative Law. Approximately 25 percent of students are enrolled in joint-degree programs. According to Duke's 2017 ABA-required disclosures, 93.8 percent of the class of 2017 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation and not funded by
1343-717: The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit . Her mother was an abstract painter . She is mainly of English and German ancestry, and was raised Episcopalian. Her paternal great-great-great-grandfather, Joseph P. Sneed , was a Methodist minister and educator in Texas. Her paternal great-great-great-great-uncle built the Constantine Sneed House in Brentwood, Tennessee , which
1422-629: The United States Senate in California , but lost the general election to incumbent Democrat Barbara Boxer . Fiorina was a candidate in the 2016 Republican presidential primary , and was for seven days the vice-presidential running mate of Ted Cruz until he suspended his campaign . In 2020 , Fiorina endorsed the presidential campaign of Democrat Joe Biden . Cara Carleton Sneed was born on September 6, 1954, in Austin, Texas ,
1501-509: The Washington Beltway , where they were escorted by NSA security" to the agency's Fort Meade headquarters. In 2015, Fiorina said: "I felt it was my duty to help, and so we did," adding, "They were ramping up a whole set of programs and needed a lot of data crunching capability to try and monitor a whole set of threats. ... What I knew at the time was our nation had been attacked." Hayden also requested that Fiorina provide advice to
1580-546: The commencement address at Southern New Hampshire University . Fiorina is the chair and CEO of Carly Fiorina Enterprises, a business and charitable foundation. A spokesperson described Fiorina Enterprises as "...a nonprofit enterprise that helped Fiorina structure speaking engagements and appearances while providing the public with information about her activities..." The San Francisco Chronicle reported that, as of July 2009, she had "never registered her Carly Fiorina Enterprises to conduct business in California, either with
1659-595: The glass ceiling , she obliterated it, as the first woman to lead a FORTUNE 20 company." Writing in Fortune magazine in August 2015, Jeffrey Sonnenfeld described the hiring as the result of "a dysfunctional HP board committee, filled with its own poisoned politics, hired her with no CEO experience, nor interviews with the full board." Fiorina received a larger signing offer than any of her predecessors, including: US$ 65 million in restricted stock to compensate her for
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#17328009623381738-567: The 2024 U.S. News' Best Law Schools ranking. It is currently ranked number one in the Above the Law Rankings. The Law School is consistently ranked within the top 14 law schools in the country, and is a member of the "T-14" law schools; it has never been ranked lower than 12th by U.S. News, or lower than 7th by Above the Law. Duke Law is one of three T14 law schools to have graduated a President of
1817-593: The 33rd largest charity in the United States. Good360 is "the largest product donation marketplace in the world. We help companies take excess inventory and then distribute that excess inventory to 37,000 vetted charities around this country." In September 2014, Fiorina led an effort by Good360 to get American corporations "to help combat the Ebola virus in West Africa – by donating specific items." She left
1896-468: The California secretary of state or the clerk of Santa Clara County, where Fiorina lives." In April 2012, Fiorina became chair of Good360 , a 501(c)(3) nonpartisan nonprofit organization in Alexandria, Virginia , which helps companies donate excess merchandise to charities. Good360 has been consistently ranked by Forbes magazine as one of the top 10 most efficient charities, and ranked as
1975-532: The Compaq merger as successful over the long term. In October 2006, Fiorina published an autobiography entitled Tough Choices , about her career and her views on issues, what constitutes a leader, how women can thrive in business, and the role technology will continue to play in reshaping the world. A review by NPR Books noted that "The book covers Fiorina's rise and fall as America's most powerful female executive." Earlier books by others about Fiorina's role in
2054-452: The EDS acquisition after Fiorina's tenure was evidence that her failed plan to acquire part of Pricewaterhouse Coopers was justified. Under the company's agreement with Fiorina, which was characterized as a golden parachute by Time magazine, and Yahoo! Finance , Fiorina received a severance package valued at US$ 21 million, which consisted of 2.5 times her annual salary plus bonus and
2133-602: The HP+iPod, Jobs announced a new product, the iPod mini , catching Fiorina off guard. HP did not sell the newer versions of the iPod in a timely fashion, leaving them to sell an outdated device for several months. In addition, Apple began selling its own iPods through the same retail channels. As a result, at the peak of the program, iPod+HP sales represented only a small portion of total iPod sales. In July 2005, soon after Fiorina resigned as CEO, her successor Mark Hurd ended HP's agreement with Apple, within days of taking office,
2212-509: The Hewlett-Packard board of directors discussed with Fiorina a list of issues that the board had regarding the company's performance and disappointing earning reports. The board proposed a plan to shift her authority to HP division heads, which Fiorina resisted strongly. A week after the meeting, the confidential plan was leaked to The Wall Street Journal . According to BusinessWeek' s Ben Elgin, directors were also concerned about
2291-528: The Internal Revenue Service or the state attorney general's charitable trust division, which tax-exempt charities are required to do. A spokeswoman commented that "Fiorina and her staff believed the foundation was not required to file with the IRS because it accepted no outside contributions and donated only her personal wealth to worthy causes." In 2017, Fiorina joined the board of trustees for
2370-531: The Lucent stock and options she left behind, a US$ 3 million signing bonus, a US$ 1 million annual salary (plus a US$ 1.25– US$ 3.75 million annual bonus), US$ 36,000 in mortgage assistance, a relocation allowance, and permission (and encouragement) to use company planes for personal affairs. Fortune also named her the most powerful woman in America for five consecutive years. Although the decision to spin off
2449-513: The NSA for expanded surveillance. Hayden confirmed that he had made the request for HP servers as part of Stellar Wind , a 2001–2007 NSA warrantless surveillance program , but the details were not revealed to Fiorina at the time. Fiorina "acknowledged she complied with Hayden's request, redirecting trucks of HP computer servers that were on their way to retail stores from a warehouse in Tennessee to
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2528-895: The TSMC directors' meetings in 2009 and 20% of TSMC directors' meetings in 2008. She served as a member of the MIT Corporation from 2004 to 2012. She was a member of the Foundation Board of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2005. She is an honorary fellow of the London Business School . In July 2012, Governor Bob McDonnell of Virginia appointed her to the James Madison University Board of Visitors. In 2015, Fiorina received an honorary degree and delivered
2607-572: The Trinity College School of Law. In 1924, following the renaming of Trinity College to Duke University, the school was renamed Duke University School of Law. Admission is selective, with only about 10 percent of applicants being admitted. The date of founding is generally considered to be 1868 or 1924. However, in 1855 Trinity College , the precursor to Duke University, began offering lectures on (but not degrees in) Constitutional and International Law (during this time, Trinity
2686-531: The United States (Richard Nixon). Duke Law was ranked by Forbes as having graduated lawyers with the 2nd highest median mid-career salary amount. In 2017, The Times Higher Education World University Rankings listed Duke Law as the number one ranked law school in the world. Other rankings include: The Trinity College School of Law was located in the Carr Building prior to the renaming of Trinity to Duke University in 1924. The Duke University Law School
2765-576: The acquisition as the personal computer market declined. Looking back, a 2011 The New York Times article described it as "one of the more questionable deals of the time." In 1997, prior to Fiorina's joining the company, HP's Dutch subsidiary formed a partnership with a company in Dubai, Redington Gulf, which sold HP's products in Iran . Under Fiorina's leadership at HP, the company sold millions of dollars worth of printers and computer products to Iran through
2844-510: The agency "on how the CIA could maintain its undercover espionage mission in a culture of increasing government leaks and demands for greater public accountability and openness." According to Fiorina, she advised the agency to be "as transparent as possible, about as much as possible". Fiorina's predecessor at HP had pushed for an outsider to replace him because he believed that the company had become complacent and that consensus-driven decision making
2923-477: The balance from accelerated vesting of stock options. According to Fortune magazine, Fiorina collected over US$ 100 million in compensation during her short tenure at HP. In 2003, Fiorina was named by Fortune Magazine the most powerful woman in business, a position she held for five years. In 2004, she was included in the Time 100 ranking of "most influential people in the world today" and named tenth on
3002-424: The biggest reduction in the company's 64-year history, but those cuts would not actually occur until after the Compaq merger was announced. In September 2001, Fiorina said she intended to cut an additional 15,000 jobs in the event of a merger with Compaq. In all, Fiorina laid off 30,000 U.S. employees. According to PolitiFact , those 30,000 layoffs were "as a result of the merger with Compaq...." By 2004
3081-480: The board's inability to work effectively with Fiorina. Less than a month later, the board brought back Tom Perkins and forced Fiorina to resign as chair and chief executive officer of the company. The company's stock jumped 6.9 percent on news of her departure, adding almost three billion dollars to the value of HP in a single day. In her book Tough Choices , she referred to board members' behavior as "amateurish and immature". Larry Sonsini , who investigated
3160-538: The collapse of the dot-com bubble , the PwC consulting arm was acquired by IBM for less than US$ 4 billion. HP later acquired Electronic Data Systems , another technology services company, which some considered a validation of Fiorina's strategy. In early September 2001, in the wake of the bursting of the Tech Bubble , Fiorina announced the acquisition of PC maker Compaq with US$ 25 billion in stock, which, at
3239-469: The company had 84,800 employees. After the merger with Compaq, the company had a total of 145,000 employees worldwide. At the time of her resignation in 2005, after HP had acquired several other companies, HP had about 150,000 employees. HP's revenue doubled and the rate of patent filings increased due to mergers with Compaq and other companies during Fiorina's stint as CEO. In addition, HP's cash flow increased by 40%, to around $ 6.8 billion. However,
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3318-695: The company underperformed by a number of other metrics: there were no gains in HP's net income despite a 70% gain in net income of the S&;P 500 over this period; the company's debt rose from US$ 4.25 billion to US$ 6.75 billion; and its stock price fell by 50%, exceeding declines in the S&;P 500 Information Technology Sector index and the NASDAQ . By contrast, stock prices for IBM and Dell fell by 27.5% and 3% respectively during this time. The Compaq acquisition
3397-421: The company's analytical instruments division pre-dated her arrival, one of her first major responsibilities as chief executive was overseeing the separation of the unit into the stand-alone Agilent Technologies . Fiorina proposed the acquisition of the technology services arm of PricewaterhouseCoopers for almost US$ 14 billion, but withdrew the bid after a lackluster reception from Wall Street. Following
3476-498: The culture at HP so that it could compete in the Internet Age. In January 2004, Fiorina announced an agreement with Apple founder Steve Jobs for the iPod+HP – a co-branded iPod sold through HP's retail channels. As part of the agreement, HP was forbidden from selling a competitor to the iPod until August 2006 and HP agreed to pre-install iTunes on every computer sold. Two days before Fiorina announced
3555-588: The daughter of Madelon Montross (née Juergens) and Joseph Tyree Sneed III . The name "Carleton", from which "Carly" is derived, has been used in every generation of the Sneed family since the Civil War . At the time of her birth, Fiorina's father was a professor at the University of Texas School of Law . He would later become dean of Duke University School of Law , Deputy U.S. Attorney General , and judge on
3634-405: The dicey debt got stashed on its balance sheet as an allegedly solid asset". Lucent's stock price grew 10-fold. In July 1999, Hewlett-Packard Company named Fiorina chief executive officer, succeeding Lewis Platt and prevailing over the internal candidate Ann Livermore . Matthew Boyle of Fortune magazine said of Fiorina's hiring as HP's first woman CEO that, "Carly Fiorina didn't just break
3713-479: The foreign subsidiary, while U.S. export sanctions were in effect. After the story was initially reported by The Boston Globe in 2008, the SEC sent a letter of inquiry to HP, who responded that products worth US$ 120 million were sold in fiscal 2008 arguing that the sales did not violate export sanctions because they were made through a foreign subsidiary. According to former officials who worked on sanctions, HP
3792-528: The front facade laid in Flemish bond and other facades having five course common bond . It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1988. When listed the property included the main, brick two-story house, which was the listing's one contributing building . It also included one contributing structure , one non-contributing building, and one non-contributing structure, on an area of 8.2 acres (3.3 ha). This article about
3871-548: The impact recent cases could have on current issues. The journal publishes continually online and annually in print. It has sponsored speaker series and conferences that explore various issues in constitutional law and public policy. The law school provides free online access to all of its academic journals, including the complete text of each journal issue dating back to January 1996 in a fully searchable HTML format and in Adobe Acrobat format (PDF). New issues are posted on
3950-527: The largest layoffs in HP's history), employee satisfaction surveys at HP – previously among the highest in America ;– revealed "widespread unhappiness" and distrust, and Fiorina was sometimes booed at company meetings and attacked on HP's electronic bulletin board . According to The Fiscal Times , Fiorina and others have argued that she "laid the groundwork for some of HP's progress under her successors", and that she shook
4029-569: The law school. The Duke Law Journal was the first student-edited publication at Duke Law and publishes articles from leading scholars on topics of general legal interest. Duke publishes the Alaska Law Review in a special agreement with the Alaska Bar Association, as the state of Alaska has no law school. The Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy ( DJGLP ) is the preeminent journal for its subject matter in
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#17328009623384108-425: The leak related to Fiorina's forced resignation, described the board in his report to Fiorina as being "dysfunctional." On May 13, 2008, HP, under then-Chief Executive Mark Hurd , confirmed that it had reached a deal to buy Electronic Data Systems , the largest since the Compaq purchase. The price was a reported $ 12.6 billion. At the time of the announcement, Loren Steffy of The Houston Chronicle suggested that
4187-557: The merger at HP included: Backfire, (2003) by Peter Burrows, and Perfect Enough: Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett-Packard, (2003), by George Anders . A 2003 review by The New York Times of these books said, "Two new books about the deal and its main champion – Hewlett-Packard's chair and chief executive officer, Carly Fiorina – show that there is much investors can glean immediately from this merger." In October 2007, Fiorina signed with
4266-575: The newly created Duke University upon the establishment of the Duke Endowment in 1924, the School of Law continued as the Duke University School of Law. In 1930, the law school moved from the Carr Building on Duke's East Campus to a new location on the main quad of West Campus. During the three years preceding this move, the size of the law library tripled. Among other well-known alumni, President Richard Nixon graduated from
4345-405: The number of HP employees was about the same as the pre-merger total of HP and Compaq combined, and that 2004 number included roughly 8,000 employees of other companies acquired by HP since 2001. Altogether, under Fiorina's leadership, HP had a net gain of employees, including employees from mergers as well as hires in countries outside the United States. In 1999, when Fiorina became CEO of HP,
4424-478: The number of employees exceeded the pre-merger figure and grew to 150,000 during her tenure. In February 2005, she was forced to resign as CEO and chair following a boardroom disagreement. She subsequently served as Chair of the philanthropic organization Good360 . Fiorina was an adviser to Republican Senator John McCain 's 2008 presidential campaign . In 2010 , she won the Republican nomination for
4503-804: The organization when she declared her presidential candidacy in 2015. Fiorina served as Fund Chair of One Woman Initiative (OWI), a partnership between the private sector and government agencies, including the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the United States Department of State (DoS). OWI describes itself as "An International Women's Empowerment Fund" that seeks to "support existing initiatives in Muslim majority countries and countries with large Muslim populations" and "focus on key empowerment issues including entrepreneurship, political leadership, and
4582-399: The parts of it that she kept with Compaq. The merger was met initially with almost universal skepticism. The February 7, 2005, issue of Fortune described her merger plan as "failing" and the prognosis as "doubtful". Business professor Robert Burgelman and former HP executive vice president, Webb McKinney, who led HP's post-merger integration team, analyzed the merger and concluded that it
4661-543: The range to fly overseas. One Gulfstream IV, acquired at a cost of US$ 30 million and available for Fiorina's "exclusive" use, became a rallying point among HP employees who complained of Fiorina's expensive self-promotion and top-down managerial style during a time of company layoffs. Jeffrey Sonnenfeld of Yale School of Management said in August 2015 that problems with Fiorina's leadership style were what caused HP to lose half its value during her tenure. Others have defended her business leadership decisions and viewed
4740-551: The rule of law." OWI said it would raise funds in order to give grants to achieve these objectives, with contributions managed through a separate section 501(c)(3) designated organization. In June 2009, USAID announced that OWI grants totaling over US$ 500,000 had been made to grassroots organizations in Azerbaijan, Egypt, India, Pakistan, and the Philippines. On February 14, 2013, Opportunity International announced
4819-602: The school in 1937. In 1963, the school moved to its present location on Science Drive in West Campus. Law students at Duke University established the first U.S. Chapter of the International Criminal Court Student Network (ICCSN) in 2009. For the class entering in the fall of 2023, 244 students enrolled out of 6,205 applicants. The 25th and 75th LSAT percentiles for the 2023 entering class were 168 and 172, respectively, with
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#17328009623384898-560: The school – the highest number for any law school in the country. According to the NLJ, Duke ranks third among all law schools in the percentage of 2017 graduates working in federal clerkships or jobs at firms of 100 or more lawyers, a category NLJ terms "elite jobs". Duke also ranks fourth in federal clerkships. Law School Transparency gave Duke Law the highest "Employment Score" in the country at 93.8 percent and lowest "Under-Employment Score" of 0.4 percent in 2017. Notable faculty include
4977-424: The time, was the second largest producer of personal computers, after Dell. HP stock traded down by 30% on the news of the merger. The Compaq merger created the world's largest personal computer manufacturer in terms of units shipped. Fiorina was frequently at odds with HP's board of directors, and she had to fight with the board for the merger. Walter Hewlett (the son of company co-founder William Hewlett )
5056-751: The web simultaneously with print publication. In 2005, the law school was featured in the June 6 unveiling of the Open Access Law Program, an initiative of Creative Commons , for its work in pioneering open access to legal scholarship. The School offers joint-degree programs with the Duke University Graduate School , the Duke Divinity School , Fuqua School of Business , the Medical School ,
5135-564: The world. The Duke Law & Technology Review has been published since 2001 and is devoted to examining the evolving intersection of law and technology. The Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy was founded by members of the Class of 2006. Professors Erwin Chemerinsky and Christopher H. Schroeder served as the ConLaw journal's inaugural faculty advisors. Mikkelsen
5214-494: The worst American (or tech) CEOs of all time. In 2008, InfoWorld grouped her with a list of products and ideas that flopped, declaring that her tenure as CEO of HP was the sixth worst tech flop of all time, and characterizing her as the "anti- Steve Jobs " for reversing the goodwill of "geeks" and alienating existing customers. During Fiorina's tenure as CEO, HP leased or purchased five planes, including two Gulfstream IVs , to replace four aging aircraft, only one of which had
5293-577: Was a source of particularly strong opposition. Hewlett originally voted with the other board members to approve the Compaq deal, but he later changed his mind. He launched a proxy fight against Fiorina's efforts which Fiorina won with a "razor-thin margin" of 51.4% of the shareholders, with the institutional shareholders providing the bulk of the support. Fiorina was supported in the proxy battle by other board members, including Richard Hackborn, Philip M. Condit , George A. Keyworth, II , and Robert Knowling. Fiorina proceeded to reorganize HP and merge
5372-468: Was a superior inventor. And he lost nothing ..." In January 2001, HP laid off 1,700 marketing employees. In June 2001, Fiorina asked employees to either take pay cuts or use their allotted vacation time to cut additional costs, resulting in more than 80,000 people signing up and saving HP US$ 130 million. Despite these efforts from employees, in July Fiorina announced that 6,000 jobs would be cut,
5451-439: Was doing graduate work; there she did English tutoring to Italian businessmen. In 1980, Fiorina received a Master of Business Administration , in marketing, from the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland, College Park . In 1989 she obtained a Master of Science degree in management from the MIT Sloan School of Management , under the Sloan Fellows program. In 1980, Fiorina joined AT&T as
5530-617: Was inhibiting the company's growth. Fiorina instituted three major changes shortly after her arrival: replacing profit sharing with bonuses awarded if the company met financial expectations, a reduction in operating units from 83 to 12, and consolidating back-office functions. Fiorina faced a backlash among HP employees and the tech community for her leading role in the demise of HP's egalitarian " The HP Way " work culture and guiding philosophy, which she felt hindered innovation. Because of changes to HP's culture, and requests for voluntary pay cuts to prevent layoffs (subsequently followed by
5609-464: Was located in Randolph County, North Carolina ). In 1865, Trinity's Law Department was officially founded, while 1868 marked the official chartering of the School of Law. After a ten-year hiatus from 1894 to 1904, James B. Duke and Benjamin Newton Duke provided the endowment to reopen the school, with Samuel Fox Mordecai as its senior professor (by this time, Trinity College had relocated to Durham, North Carolina). When Trinity College became part of
5688-517: Was named "The Most Powerful Woman in American Business". Lucent added 22,000 jobs and revenues grew from US$ 19 billion to US$ 38 billion and the company's market share increased in every region for every product. According to Fortune magazine, Lucent increased sales by lending money to their own customers, writing that "In a neat bit of accounting magic, money from the loans began to appear on Lucent's income statement as new revenue while
5767-426: Was named group president for Lucent's US$ 19 billion global service-provider business, overseeing marketing and sales for the company's largest customer segment. That year, Fiorina chaired a US$ 2.5 billion joint venture between Lucent's consumer communications and Royal Philips Electronics , under the name Philips Consumer Communications (PCC). In the edition of October 12, 1998, of Fortune magazine, Fiorina
5846-484: Was not as transformative as Fiorina and the board had envisioned: in the merger proxy, they had forecasted that the PC division of the merged entities would generate an operating margin of 3.0% in 2003, while the actual figure was 0.1% in that year and 0.9% in 2004. In 2004, HP fell dramatically short of its predicted third-quarter earnings, and Fiorina fired three executives during a 5 AM telephone call. In early January 2005,
5925-521: Was originally housed in what is now the Languages Building, built in 1929 on Duke's West Campus quad. The law school is presently located at the corner of Science Drive and Towerview Road and was constructed in the mid-1960s. The first addition to the law school was completed in 1994, and a dark polished granite façade was added to the rear exterior of the building, enclosing the interior courtyard. In 2004, Duke Law School broke ground on
6004-575: Was the first editor-in-chief ; the current editor-in-chief is Daniel Browning. The journal intends to fill a gap in law journal scholarship with a publication that could "cover constitutional developments and litigation , and their intersection with public policy ". To ensure that the journal would remain timely, it established a partnership with the Duke Program in Public Law to produce "Supreme Court Commentaries" summarizing and explaining
6083-497: Was the first woman to lead a Fortune Top-20 company. Fiorina started her career at AT&T and subsequently worked at Lucent Technologies , where she led the joint venture with Philips . In 2002, Fiorina oversaw what was then the largest technology sector merger in history, in which HP acquired rival personal computer manufacturer, Compaq . The transaction made HP the world's largest seller of personal computers. HP subsequently laid off 30,000 U.S. employees. Nonetheless,
6162-421: Was ultimately successful. In 2008, former acting CEO of Compaq Ben Rosen stated that although Fiorina lacked the skills to run the merged company, her successors made it work. HP was able to integrate Compaq's operations and emerge as the world's largest seller of personal computers. The industry soon fell into decline, leading to further difficulties for the company. HP eventually wrote off US$ 1.2 billion from
6241-630: Was using a loophole by routing their sales through a foreign subsidiary. HP ended its relationship with Redington Gulf after the SEC inquiry. In a September 2015 interview with Michael Isikoff , Fiorina said that, in the weeks following the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, she received a phone call from Michael Hayden , then the director of the National Security Agency , asking her assistance in providing HP computer servers to
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