Military districts (also called military regions ) are formations of a state's armed forces (often of the Army) which are responsible for a certain area of territory. They are often more responsible for administrative than operational matters, and in countries with conscript forces, often handle parts of the conscription cycle.
59-618: A corps area was a geographically-based organizational structure ( military district ) of the United States Army used to accomplish administrative, training, and tactical tasks from 1920 to 1942. Each corps area included divisions of the Regular Army , Organized Reserve , and National Guard of the United States . Developed as a result of serious mobilization problems during World War I , this organization provided
118-822: A board headed by Lieutenant General Alexander M. Patch to review the organization of the War Department. The board had no officers from the ASF staff but two came from the technical services. The board submitted its recommendations to the Chief of Staff on 18 October. These were that the technical services be continued, with the Transportation Corps made permanent, and that the Finance Department becoming an eighth technical service. The service commands would be abolished, and their functions transferred to
177-483: A distance-learning modality for some of its instruction. The United States Army Command and General Staff College (CGSC) educates, trains and develops leaders for Unified Land Operations in a joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and multinational operational environment; and to advance the art and science of the Profession of Arms in support of Army operational requirements. The college consists of four schools:
236-646: A framework to rapidly expand the Army in times of war or national emergency, such as the Great Depression . The nine corps areas, created by the War Plans Division under authority of United States War Department General Order No. 50 on 20 August 1920, had identical responsibilities for providing peacetime administrative and logistical support to the army's mobile units as was provided by the six territorial " Departments " they replaced. In addition,
295-732: A regular flow of trained recruits and supplies to the Field Army. The method they adopted was to separate the Field Army ( Oberbefehlshaber des Heeres ) from the Home Command ( Heimatkriegsgebiet ) and to entrust the responsibilities of training, conscription, supply and equipment to that command. The Commander of the Infantry Corps with the identical number also commanded the Wehrkreis in peacetime, but command of
354-822: A similar fashion to Russian military districts. The Kazakh Ground Forces are divided into four regional commands: Initially, right after the First World War , Poland had five military districts (1918–1921): In 1921, due to reorganization, the military districts were replaced with Dowództwo Okręgu Korpusu ( DOK – Corps District Command). In the Second Polish Republic there were ten DOKs: Each DOK consisted of four large units (three infantry divisions and one cavalry brigade). For district arrangements after World War II see Polish Land Forces . The Kraków Military District disbanded in 1953. From 1999 Poland has been divided into two military districts,
413-574: A similar model, with organizations such as the United States Naval Districts . A number of navies in South America used naval districts at various points in time. Algeria is divided into six numbered military regions, each with headquarters located in a principal city or town (see People's National Army (Algeria)#Military regions ). This system of territorial organization, adopted shortly after independence, grew out of
472-492: A territorial military division (TMD). On the defence side, these military divisions have been grouped into military regions. Their number varied depending on the period. The current number is six. The Défense opérationnelle du territoire supervised reserve and home defence activities from 1959 to the 1970s. However, by the 1980s the number had been reduced to six: the 1st Military Region (France) with its headquarters in Paris,
531-511: Is a graduate school for United States Army and sister service officers, interagency representatives, and international military officers. The college was established in 1881 by William Tecumseh Sherman as the School of Application for Infantry and Cavalry (later simply the Infantry and Cavalry School), a training school for infantry and cavalry officers. In 1907 it changed its title to
590-691: Is commanded by a Major General and has full authority to commence operations with the force under his jurisdiction. The commander (known as Panglima Kodam abbreviated Pangdam ) reports to the Chief of Army Staff (KSAD) and is responsible for territorial defence during times of war and development and supervision during times of peace. He is also responsible for ensuring security and protection for VVIP visiting his territory, e.g Presidential visits, etc. A Regional Command ( Kazakh : Аймақтық қолбасшылық , Aımaqtyq qolbasshylyq ; Russian : Региональная команда , Regional'naya komanda ) in Kazakhstan operates in
649-656: Is currently in use in Russian Federation . Such territorial division provided convenient management of army units, their training and other activities regarding the country's readiness to defend itself. In the USSR, the military districts continued to perform the same role they had done in the Russian Empire, with first six military districts ( Yaroslavsky , Moskovsky , Orlovsky , Belomorsky , Uralsky , and Privolzhsky ) were formed on 31 March 1918 during
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#1732783740607708-417: The 2nd Military Region (France) at Lille , the 3rd Military Region (France) at Rennes , the 4th Military Region (France) at Bordeaux , the 5th at Lyons and 6th at Metz. Each supervised up to five division militaire territoriale – military administrative sub-divisions, in 1984 sometimes supervising up to three reserve regiments each. In the twenty-first century, under the latest thorough reform of
767-589: The Defence Act of 2000 the military districts were replaced by new military districts ( Swedish : Militärdistrikt , usually abbreviated to MD ). The new military districts corresponded geographically to the former military districts, however, they did not have the same territorial and operational tasks. In 2005, the military districts were replaced to some extent by four Security and Cooperation Sections ( Swedish : Säkerhets- och samverkanssektioner ). British Army regional districts have evolved slowly over
826-636: The Pomeranian Military District and the Silesian Military District , both were disbanded by the end of 2011. The Russian Empire's military district ( Russian : вое́нный о́круг , voyenny okrug ) was a territorial association of military units , formations , military schools , and various local military establishments. This territorial division type was utilized in Imperial Russia , USSR and
885-647: The Russian Civil War . This increased to 17 military districts of the USSR at the beginning of July 1940 shortly before the USSR was invaded by Germany and entered the Second World War , and were used to create combat Fronts after commencement of the German invasion of the USSR . During the war the districts were further divided into geographic regions for logistic reasons, these being: After
944-615: The School of the Line . The curriculum expanded throughout World War I , World War II , the Korean War , and the Vietnam War and continues to adapt to include lessons learned from current conflicts. In addition to the main campus at Fort Leavenworth, the college has satellite campuses at Fort Belvoir , Virginia ; Fort Gregg-Adams , Virginia; Fort Eisenhower , Georgia ; and Redstone Arsenal , Alabama . The college also maintains
1003-636: The Services of Supply on 22 July 1942 (renamed in 1943 as Army Service Forces , the ASF). They served the Army's supply system, and performed administration, and "housekeeping" functions within the United States such as the issuance of Army serial numbers and the operation of induction centers and army posts located in the United States and its territories. By this time, the corps area boundaries and departments experienced some minor readjustments: On 30 August 1945, Army Chief of Staff General George Marshall created
1062-777: The War of 1812 these administrative units were geographically named starting with the Department of the East and Department of the West. About 1815, the areas were numbered until after the Civil War. After the Civil War, the system used until after World War I was again geographically identified; i.e. Department of the East or Department of the Missouri and subordinate units were called divisions or districts. The last reorganization of departments
1121-596: The Wehrkreis passed to his second-in command at the outbreak of war. In peacetime, the Wehrkreis was the home to the Infantry Corps of the same number and all subordinate units of that Corps. Until 2013 the German Armed Forces ( Bundeswehr ) had four military districts – Wehrbereichskommando (WBK) as part of the Streitkräftebasis or Joint Service Support Command. Each WBK controlled several Landeskommandos ( State Commands) due to
1180-767: The federal structure of Germany who have taken over functions carried out by the Verteidigungsbezirkskommandos (VBKs) or Military Region Commands (Defence District Commands) as. These command authorities are in charge of all military facilities . Now the Landeskommmandos are led by the National Territorial Command called Kommando Territoriale Aufgaben der Bundeswehr (KdoTerrAufgBw). The Indonesian Army operates with military districts, known as Komando Daerah Militer (Military Region Command) abbreviated Kodam . It
1239-496: The "four army" plan, which effectively abolished the three army area/six army system. On 3 October 1940, the War Department transferred tactical command functions to the newly-activated General Headquarters, U.S. Army, separating the field armies from the corps areas. Corps areas were then limited to their Zone of the Interior functions as service commands and the field armies assumed control of all tactical units. In 1942, after
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#17327837406071298-537: The 9th (Marseille), and the 10th in Algeria. The 10th Military Region (France) supervised French Algeria during the Algerian War . With the evolution of administrative organization, France was divided into regional administrative districts (circa 1963) (administrative region dependent of a prefect of the region). The military organisation then combined the administrative organization and in each CAR corresponded
1357-586: The Armies. The ASF would also be abolished, and its staff sections transferred to the War Department General Staff. In accordance with these recommendations, on 11 June 1946, Army Service Forces and the nine service commands areas were abolished. The service commands were replaced by six field army level organizations. These six Army Areas, though similar in name, operated on a functional rather than geographic basis but roughly followed along
1416-820: The Command and General Staff School, the School of Advanced Military Studies , the School for Command Preparation, and the Sergeants Major Academy. – The School of Professional Military Education at the Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation (WHINSEC) on Fort Benning, GA, offers the ten-month resident Command and General Staff Officer Course in Spanish to approximately 64 US and international officers each year. Since 2012, CGSOC students at SPME have been eligible to pursue
1475-507: The First Corps Area. The lower numbered corps (I through IX) consisted of one Regular Army and two National Guard divisions among the various states of the corps area. The higher numbered corps (XI through XIX) each consisted of three divisions, also assigned by state boundaries, of the newly established (but rarely funded) Organized Reserve . By 1925, in the face of steady Coolidge Administration and congressional budget cutting,
1534-631: The First and Fourth (Field) Armies, comprised the First "Army Area". The 1921 mobilization planning that created the six field army headquarters did not envision a need for active field army-level commands in peacetime and thus the headquarters were constituted in the Organized Reserve rather than the Regular Army. Until fully activated with its own headquarters staff, an army area was typically jointly staffed, headquartered, and commanded by
1593-964: The French security and defence sector, there are seven Zone de défense et de sécurité [ fr ] each with a territorial ground army region: Paris (or Île-de-France, HQ in Paris), Nord (HQ in Lille), Ouest (HQ in Rennes), Sud-Ouest (HQ in Bordeaux), Sud (HQ in Marseille), Sud-Est (HQ in Lyon), Est (HQ in Strasbourg). Before and during World War II , Germany used the system of military districts ( German : Wehrkreis ) to relieve field commanders of as much administrative work as possible and to provide
1652-562: The Interior (later designated as Corps Area Service Command), and Communications Zone units. The First, Second, Third, Fourth, Eighth, and Ninth Corps Areas also organized units to man various fixed coastal defenses. The corps areas were further grouped into three army areas of two field armies each. For the century preceding 1920 the U.S. Army was geographically divided into series of Military Divisions, "Departments" and smaller " Districts " and Subdistricts. Departments and divisions were numbered or named for their geographic location. Before
1711-755: The MMAS. The Command and General Staff College confers a Master of Military Art and Science ( MMAS ) professional degree to graduates of the School of Advanced Military Studies as well as graduates of the Command and General Staff School who complete a thesis-level research paper. The degree is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission for collegiate institutions in the midwestern United States. The college reports that 7,000 international students representing 155 countries have attended CGSC since 1894 and that more than 50 percent of CGSC International Military Student (IMS) graduates attain
1770-455: The Reserve officers. General Douglas MacArthur , the Army's Chief of Staff, believed that the 1921 mobilization plan was based on unsound assumptions and that the Army required active field army headquarters before the start of any mobilization to manage the integration and training of subordinate units as they mobilized. He also concluded that the existing three army area/six army arrangement
1829-467: The Second Army Area headquarters staff. First Army Area included First Army (Active) and Fourth Army (reserve on paper). Second Army Area included Second Army (Active) and Fifth Army (reserve on paper). Third Army Area included Third Army (Active), including, seemingly, the Reserve 23rd Cavalry Division (United States) , and Sixth Army (reserve on paper). The Civilian Conservation Corps
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1888-551: The UK reporting to Commander Regional Forces . Scotland District was absorbed by 2nd Division in 2000. The divisions were responsible for training subordinate formations and units under their command for operations in the UK, such as Military Aid to the Civil Community , as well as training units for overseas deployments. 2nd, 4th and 5th Divisions were replaced by Support Command on 1 November 2011. The military department
1947-489: The United States Army only had three active regular divisions nationwide; the remainder of its divisions, both regular and reserve components, only existed on paper. The amended National Defense Act also grouped three corps areas into an "army level" mobilization organization whose boundaries were also identical for the two "type" armies located within them. For example, First, Second, and Third Corps Areas, and
2006-642: The command of the Central Military Commission . In February 2016, the 7 military regions were changed to 5 theater commands: Under the Third Republic , a military region comprised several departments which supported an army corps . For many years up to 21 military regions were active. On 24 July 1873, the French Parliament passed a law which created 18 military regions in metropolitan France . A 19th Army Corps
2065-938: The command of the district headquarters , headed by the district commander , and is subordinated to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation . (Previously under Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces General Nikolai Kormiltsev , the military districts reported to the General Staff via the Russian Ground Forces staff.) It is a territorial association of military units , formations , military schools , and various local military establishments. This territorial division type
2124-485: The corps areas took on the responsibilities for post and installation support units (" Zone of the Interior " units) created during World War I . Corps areas had the added responsibility for planning and implementing mobilization plans for all Regular Army, National Guard, and Organized Reserve mobile units in their respective geographic areas; the development and administration of hundreds of new Organized Reserve and Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) units; and managing
2183-579: The defense needs of the United States and for the first time placed an emphasis on peacetime preparedness. Yet with its passage, Congress never fully funded the program. But Congress did recognize the value of a professional officer education program by enhancing existing general service schools such as the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth , Kansas, and the Army War College at Carlisle Barracks , Pennsylvania. The act authorized
2242-513: The establishing new schools to meet modern military educational needs, such as the Army Industrial College in 1924. Thirty-one additional special service schools were established or improved to provide training to the various branches of the Army. The act established the division as a basic Army unit, replacing the pre-World War I notion of the regiment in war planning. Tactically and administratively, each corps area commander
2301-956: The largest formations of the National Revolutionary Army , under the Military Affairs Commission , chaired by Chiang Kai-shek during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II . During the Second Sino-Japanese War the National Revolutionary Army eventually organized itself into twelve Military Regions. The military regions (originally eleven, then seven) of the People's Liberation Army were divided into military districts (usually contiguous with provinces) and military sub-districts, under
2360-448: The minor districts to be amalgamated were North West District , Western District , and Wales, to form a new Western District.' HQ Northern Ireland remained separate and reported to Headquarters United Kingdom Land Forces only on non-operational matters. From 1995, UK commands and later districts were replaced by regenerative divisions. 2nd Division , 4th Division , 5th Division and London District acted as regional commands within
2419-639: The most senior corps commander in that area. Between 1927 and 1933 all six field army headquarters were deactivated as the Army wrestled with structure, mobilization, and manpower issues. An army area included three corps areas, and in the early years was concurrently staffed and headquartered with one of the corps areas. For example, First Army Area headquarters staff was also the Second Corps Area headquarters staff based at Fort Jay at Governors Island in New York, New York; Sixth Corps Area provided
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2478-420: The old corps areas boundaries. The postwar Seventh United States Army in Germany and Eighth United States Army in Korea were outside the continental United States as they remain today, but under different names. This organizational scheme served until the Army reorganization of 1973, with the creation of Forces Command and Training and Doctrine Command . Military district Navies have also used
2537-542: The personnel records for thousands of Reserve officers, enlisted personnel, ROTC cadets, and Citizens Military Training Camp (CMTC) candidates. To create the corps areas, the United States was divided geographically by state lines, making nine multi-state areas that were all roughly equal in population. Each corps area was responsible for organizing two tactical corps, consisting of three infantry divisions each. Each corps area also had responsibility for organizing various other field army , General Headquarters Reserve, Zone of
2596-441: The previous 150 years or so. For many years there were regional commands in the UK, including Aldershot Command (from 1880), Eastern Command , Northern Command , Scottish Command , Southern Command and Western Command (from 1905). By 1985 these were superseded by districts, and until the spring of 1991 there were nine of them. Antony Beevor wrote in his revised edition of Inside the British Army in 1991 that '..the first of
2655-501: The region, the regional naval command, the regional air defence sector as well as the lower regional level subdivision defence districts that made up the military district. The commander answered directly to the Supreme Commander . The military districts in the modern form were created in 1966, and each district was named according to the geographical area they covered. Several changes were made, such as creating or merging districts, until all military districts were disbanded in 2000. After
2714-422: The six geographical (or territorial) military departments into which the continental United States had been divided since 1917 and with little variation since the Civil War. Three overseas commands: the Hawaiian Department , Panama Canal Department , and the Philippine Department continued to be identified as departments. The 1920 act was a realization that the mobilization of a citizen army could no longer meet
2773-462: The start of World War II and by executive order, the army level organizations took to training or the field as home defense and combat commands under the control of Army Ground Forces . In March 1942, home defense and training activities were assigned to the newly formed Eastern , Central , Southern , and Western Defense Commands, which overlaid the existing Corps Areas. The geographical corps areas were redesigned as numbered service commands under
2832-417: The war, the number was increased to 33 to aid in demobilisation of forces, but by October 1946, they had been reduced to 21. By the end of the 1980s, immediately before the dissolution of the Soviet Union, there were sixteen military districts, within three to five main strategic Theatre groupings. Military districts ( Russian : вое́нный о́круг , voyenny okrug ) in the Russian Federation operates under
2891-890: The wartime wilaya structure and the postwar necessity of subduing antigovernment insurgencies that were based in the various regions. Regional commanders control and administer bases, logistics, and housing, as well as conscript training. Commanders of army divisions and brigades, air force installations, and naval forces report directly to the Ministry of National Defence and service chiefs of staff on operational matters. Previously Algeria had formed France's tenth military region. Military region commanders in 2003 included Brahim Fodel Chérif ( 1st Military Region ), Kamel Abderrahmane ( 2nd Military Region , Abcène Tafer ( 3rd Military Region ), Abdelmadjid Sahed ( 4th Military Region , Chérif Abderrazak ( 5th Military Region ) and Ali Benali (6th Military Region). There were 76 northern military districts or military regions (軍區), or war areas , which were
2950-409: Was a military and administrative command of the US Army. Present day US military organization is structured around Unified Combatant Commands , which encompass different geographical areas and responsibilities. Military districts ( Uzbek : Harbiy okruglar ) of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan are under the jurisdiction of the defense ministry of the republic . In May 2001, the Tashkent Garrison
3009-431: Was created by General Soedirman as a system initially called "Wehrkreise", adapted from the German system during World War II . The system was later ratified in "Surat Perintah Siasat No.1" (No.1 Strategy Command Letter), signed in November 1948. The Military regional commands function as a means of circle of defense, or regional defense, to defend the designated islands/provinces under Indonesian territory. Each Kodam
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#17327837406073068-495: Was created in Algeria in September 1873 (see Région militaire ). In 1905, the strength of the Troupes coloniales stationed in the 19 military districts of metropolitan France was reported at 2,123 officers and 26,581 other ranks. In 1946, following the Second World War ten military regions were created or recreated, in accordance with a decree of 18 February 1946. They included the 1st (Paris); 2e (Lille); 3e (Rennes); 4e (Bordeaux); 5e (Toulouse); 6e (Metz); 7e (Dijon); 8th (Lyon);
3127-406: Was done in 1917 after the beginning of World War I. Authorized by the National Defense Act of 1920, which amended the National Defense Act of 1916 , nine multi-state sized "corps areas" were established on 20 August 1920 by the U.S. Army Chief of Staff through War Department General Order Number 50. The corps areas were formed for administration, training, and tactical control of the army, replacing
3186-637: Was historically adopted, originally by Imperial Russia, to provide a more efficient management of army units, their training and other operations activities related to combat readiness . From 1992 to 2010, the Armed Forces maintained a diminishing number of former Soviet Armed Forces districts – Leningrad Military District , Moscow Military District , Volga-Urals Military District , North Caucasus Military District , Siberian Military District , Far East Military District . In 2009–2010, these districts were reorganised into 4 Military Districts comprising regional Joint Strategic Commands. In 2014 Northern Fleet
3245-484: Was organized roughly along army corps area boundaries since most of the logistical administration and support (food, housing, uniforms, transportation) for this 1930s Great Depression-era emergency work program was provided by the U.S. Army. The corps areas provided Regular Army officers to oversee these tasks. In time, they were replaced by officers of the Organized Reserve, freeing Regular Army officers to return to their assigned duties and providing practical experience to
3304-400: Was reorganized into separate Joint Strategic Command. The military district ( Swedish : Militärområde , usually abbreviated to Milo ) was an administrative division of the Swedish Armed Forces , and was a higher regional level subdivision. The commander of a military district, the Militärområdesbefälhavare (also militärbefälhavare ), commanded the Swedish Army divisions stationed in
3363-524: Was the senior army officer for his geographical area, typically functioning as a commanding general of an existing Regular Army corps or division in their area. During times of civil unrest , labor strikes , or natural disasters , corps area commanders provided Army resources needed to address the emergency. Each corps area was allocated two "type" corps (with a standard table of organization) and six infantry divisions. The corps were numbered in accord with their corps area designation, i.e. I and XI Corps in
3422-428: Was too ponderous to field a force that might be needed in a hurry and that existing mobilization plans were not flexible enough to tailor to various war plans then in existence. After a War Department study, MacArthur on 9 August 1932 constituted three new army headquarters in the Regular Army (the headquarters of the First United States Army was already constituted) and outlined the organization of what became known as
3481-624: Was transformed into the Tashkent Military District. The following are a list of military districts in Uzbekistan: The replenishment of the ranks of divisions and units in wartime is done by order of the commanders of military districts. Vietnam People's Army has 8 Military Regions : The Army of the Republic of Vietnam originally had four corps , for example I Corps (South Vietnam) . Later they were redesignated Military Regions 1–4. Command and General Staff College The United States Army Command and General Staff College ( CGSC or, obsolete, USACGSC ) at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas ,
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