Misplaced Pages

#470529

114-400: A member of Caritas International , the worldwide network of Catholic humanitarian agencies, CRS provides relief in emergencies and helps people in the developing world break the cycle of poverty through community-based, sustainable development initiatives as well as Peacebuilding . Assistance is based solely on need, not race, creed or nationality. Catholic Relief Services is headquartered in

228-825: A donor who wants to see the supported project managed by a person from an industrialized country . The expertise of these employees (or volunteers) may be counterbalanced by several factors, such as ; the cost of foreigners is typically higher, they have no grassroots connections in the country, and local expertise may be undervalued. By the end of 1995, Concern Worldwide (an international anti-poverty NGO) employed 174 foreigners and just over 5,000 local staff in Haiti and ten developing countries in Africa and Asia. On average, employees in NGOs earn 11-12% less compared to employees of for-profit organizations and government workers with

342-610: A hierarchical structure; their headquarters are staffed by professionals who plan projects, create budgets, keep accounts, and report to and communicate with operational fieldworkers on projects. They are most often associated with the delivery of services or environmental issues, emergency relief, and public welfare. Operational NGOs may be subdivided into relief or development organizations, service-delivery or participatory, religious or secular, and public or private. Although operational NGOs may be community-based, many are national or international. The defining activity of an operational NGO

456-536: A March 2000 report on United Nations reform priorities, former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan favored international humanitarian intervention as the responsibility to protect citizens from ethnic cleansing, genocide, and crimes against humanity. After that report, the Canadian government launched its Responsibility to Protect (R2P) project outlining the issue of humanitarian intervention. The R2P project has wide applications, and among its more controversial has been

570-644: A budget of US$ 176,000,000. When the Syrian civil war erupted in 2011, Caritas Syria , Caritas Lebanon , and Caritas Jordan were the three Caritas agencies providing the largest response in support of the internally-displaced persons and the refugees. Two years later, Caritas Internationalis member organisations responded to the Western African Ebola virus epidemic in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and when Typhoon Haiyan devastated large parts of

684-1176: A decentralised secretriat), Caritas Oceania (with a decentralised secretariat), and Caritas Latin America and Caribbean ( San José, Costa Rica ). Some member organisations of Caritas Internationalis focus solely on domestic social welfare, such as Caritas Moldova or Caritas Singapore, while others, particularly in the Western world , operate internationally, like Cordaid from the Netherlands or Trócaire from Ireland, which specialize in international development and humanitarian aid. Caritas Spain , Caritas Poland , and Caritas Luxembourg engage in both domestic and international activities. Caritas Australia primarily operates as an international humanitarian and development actor abroad but also supports Indigenous Australians locally, while Caritas Japan focuses mainly on domestic operations while financially assisting relief efforts of other confederation members globally. The size of Caritas organisations varies widely from small volunteer-run entities to some of

798-611: A dedicated service for this purpose was established in the general secretariat in Rome. In 1962, the Chilean Cardinal Raúl Silva Henríquez was elected as president of Caritas Internationalis. The Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) opened up the Church to the modern world. It emphasized the value of the work done by laypeople , called for dialogue with other religions, and urged Christians to promote

912-697: A deep understanding of the issues facing people and to tailor their services to meet the specific needs of each community. NGOs vary by method; some are primarily advocacy groups , and others conduct programs and activities. Oxfam , concerned with poverty alleviation, may provide needy people with the equipment and skills to obtain food and drinking water ; the Forum for Fact-finding Documentation and Advocacy (FFDA) helps provide legal assistance to victims of human-rights abuses. The Afghanistan Information Management Services provide specialized technical products and services to support development activities implemented on

1026-550: A justice-centered focus into all of its programming, using Catholic social teaching as a guide. All programming is evaluated according to a set of social justice criteria called the Justice Lens. In terms of programming, CRS now evaluates not just whether its interventions are effective and sustainable, but whether they might have a negative impact on social or economic relationships in a community. CRS programming promotes human development by: CRS also serves Catholics in

1140-500: A lack of resources. They may be contractors or collaborate with government agencies to reduce the cost of public goods. Capacity-building NGOs affect "culture, structure, projects and daily operations". Advocacy and public-education NGOs aim to modify behavior and ideas through communication, crafting messages to promote social, political, or environmental changes (and as news organisations have cut foreign bureaux, many NGOs have begun to expand into news reporting). Movement NGOs mobilize

1254-474: A leading member of the U.S. Global Leadership Coalition , a Washington D.C.-based coalition of over 400 major companies and NGOs that advocates for increased funding of American diplomatic and development efforts abroad. In September 2017, CRS responded to the devastating damage caused by Hurricane Maria , a Category 5 storm that hit several Caribbean islands, killing more than 3,000 people and causing more than US$ 91 billion in damage. Hurricane Maria, which hit

SECTION 10

#1732793886471

1368-413: A plethora of charitable activities occurring, yet without effective cooperation and coordination. As a result, most participants advocated for the establishment of a secretariat for charitable activities within each diocese . This centralised management would aim to consolidate various charitable efforts within a diocese, allowing for national and international collaboration. This network of organisations

1482-747: A standstill. A few national Caritas organisations were set up during or right after the war to provide and coordinate aid for the populations most in need, including the American Catholic Relief Services (1943), the French Secours catholique (1946) and Caritas Japan (1946). The work of Caritas Catholica resumed in 1947, with the approval of the Secretariat of State . Two conferences were convened in Lucerne to help coordinate efforts and collaboration. Caritas

1596-485: A strategic planning effort to clarify the mission and identity of the agency. Soon after, the 1994 massacre in Rwanda – in which more than 800,000 people were killed – led CRS staff to reevaluate how they implemented their relief and development programs, particularly in places experiencing or at high risk of ethnic conflict. After a period of institutional reflection, CRS embraced a vision of global solidarity and incorporated

1710-562: Is a confederation of 162 national Catholic relief , development and social service organisations operating in over 200 countries and territories worldwide. The name Caritas Internationalis refers to both the global network of Caritas organisations and to its general secretariat based in the Vatican City in Rome , Italy . Collectively and individually, their missions are "to serve the poor and to promote charity and justice throughout

1824-472: Is a global confederation composed of national Caritas organisations from each country. As of 2024, the confederation has 162 members working in over 200 countries and territories. It is coordinated by a general secretariat located in the Palazzo San Callisto in Rome . The members are local faith-based organisation , usually established by the episcopal conferences in each country, fulfilling

1938-534: Is an independent, typically nonprofit organization that operates outside government control. NGOs often focus on humanitarian or social issues but can also include clubs and associations offering services to members. Some NGOs, like the World Economic Forum, may also act as lobby groups for corporations. Unlike international organizations (IOs), which directly interact with sovereign states and governments, NGOs are independent from them. The term as it

2052-486: Is delivered in a timely and effective manner. NGOs also play a critical role in driving change by advocating for policies and practices that benefit disadvantaged communities. They often work in partnership with other organizations, including government agencies, to address complex challenges that require a collaborative approach. One of the key strengths of NGOs is their ability to work at the grassroots level and to connect with communities directly. This allows them to gain

2166-637: Is done in partnership with local church agencies, other faith-based partners, non-governmental organizations and local governments. CRS emphasizes the empowerment of partners and program participants in programming decisions. Program examples include: The agency has also made engaging the Catholic population in the United States a priority. In 2018, CRS created a new division dedicated to this outreach called "Mission and Mobilization." Members of CRS Chapters also support Mission and Mobilization's new Lead

2280-466: Is not founded by an international treaty". The role of NGOs and other "major groups" in sustainable development was recognized in Chapter 27 of Agenda 21 . The rise and fall of international NGOs matches contemporary events, waxing in periods of growth and waning in times of crisis. The United Nations gave non-governmental organizations observer status at its assemblies and some meetings. According to

2394-715: Is observed annually on 27 February, was recognised on 17 April 2010 by 12 countries of the IX Baltic Sea NGO Forum at the eighth Summit of the Baltic Sea States in Vilnius , Lithuania. It was internationally recognised on 28 February 2014 in Helsinki , Finland by United Nations Development Programme administrator and former Prime Minister of New Zealand Helen Clark . In the context of NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations), diplomacy refers to

SECTION 20

#1732793886471

2508-778: Is often used to judge it; less than four percent is considered good. According to the World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations, more than 86 percent should be spent on programs (less than 20 percent on overhead). The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria has guidelines of five to seven percent overhead to receive funding; the World Bank typically allows 37 percent. A high percentage of overhead relative to total expenditures can make it more difficult to generate funds. High overhead costs may also generate public criticism. A sole focus on overhead, however, can be counterproductive. Research published by

2622-470: Is organized on a local, national or international level to address issues in support of the public good". The term NGO is used inconsistently, and is sometimes used synonymously with civil society organization (CSO), which is any association founded by citizens. In some countries, NGOs are known as nonprofit organizations while political parties and trade unions are sometimes considered NGOs as well. NGOs are classified by (1) orientation- entailing

2736-486: Is supporting healthcare facilities with their COVID-19 response in 34 of those countries. Following the start of Russo-Ukrainian War in 2014, CRS has been supporting Caritas Ukraine , a Ukrainian Catholic not-for-profit and humanitarian relief organisation, in its emergency response efforts. According to Caritas Ukraine 2014 annual report, CRS provided €653 thousand for Caritas Ukraine in 2014. In 2022, CRS provided €14.1 million for Caritas Ukraine. CRS has partnered with

2850-536: Is the implementation of projects. Advocacy NGOs or campaigning NGOs seek to "achieve large-scale change promoted indirectly through the influence of the political system". They require an active, efficient group of professional members who can keep supporters informed and motivated. Campaigning NGOs must plan and host demonstrations and events which will attract media, their defining activity. Campaigning NGOs often deal with issues related to human rights, women's rights, and children's rights, and their primary purpose

2964-474: Is to communicate with NGOs about areas of mutual interest. Department of Defense Directive 3000.05, in 2005, required the US Defense Department to regard stability-enhancing activities as equally important as combat. In compliance with international law , the department has developed a capacity to improve essential services in areas of conflict (such as Iraq ) where customary lead agencies like

3078-703: Is to defend (or promote) a specific cause. Non-governmental organisations need healthy public relations in order to meet their goals, and use sophisticated public-relations campaigns to raise funds and deal with governments. Interest groups may be politically important, influencing social and political outcomes. A code of ethics was established in 2002 by the World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations . Some NGOs rely on paid staff while others are based on volunteers . Although many NGOs use international staff in developing countries, others rely on local employees or volunteers. Foreign staff may satisfy

3192-484: Is transnational coordination by non-official members of the government, including epistemic communities and former policymakers or analysts. It aims to help policymakers and policy analysts reach a common solution through unofficial discussions. Unlike official diplomacy, conducted by government officials, diplomats, and elected leaders, Track II diplomacy involves experts, scientists, professors and other figures who are not part of government affairs. World NGO Day, which

3306-556: Is used today was first introduced in Article 71 of the newly formed United Nations' Charter in 1945. While there is no fixed or formal definition for what NGOs are, they are generally defined as nonprofit entities that are independent of governmental influence—although they may receive government funding . According to the UN Department of Global Communications , an NGO is "a not-for profit , voluntary citizen's group that

3420-611: The COVID-19 pandemic required CRS to adjust its programming to keep staff and those it serves safe. At the beginning of 2020, most CRS country programs were able to continue their work by carrying out programs remotely. Due to global lockdowns, the shift from in-person work to virtual work was necessary. As lockdowns began to ease, programs were started up again immediately, meeting global requirements like physical distancing and wearing of masks. A big component of CRS' response has included public information and awareness campaigns, drawing on

3534-519: The Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB) through a €2 million grant agreement to support housing repairs for over 500 vulnerable households in conflict-affected regions of Ukraine. CRS has also responded to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami , the 2010 Haiti earthquake , Typhoon Haiyan , the 2015 Nepal earthquake , the 2016 Ecuador earthquake , and Hurricane Matthew . It also continues to respond to ongoing international crises including

Catholic Relief Services - Misplaced Pages Continue

3648-525: The Democratic Republic of Congo for decades. Nonetheless, Caritas also continued its work as social service provider and development actor around the world. For example Caritas Hong Kong , greatly expanded its educational and healthcare services. In Iraq, Caritas Iraq assisted more than 250,000 persons with food programmes alone and between 1995 and 2000. Caritas Austria expanded its support to children, people with disabilities, refugees,

3762-690: The European Convention on the Recognition of the Legal Personality of International Non-Governmental Organisations in Strasbourg in 1986, creating a common legal basis for European NGOs. Article 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights protects the right to associate, which is fundamental for NGOs. The question whether a public project should be owned by an NGO or by the government has been studied in economics using

3876-746: The International Year of Human Rights (1968), the General Assembly of Caritas Internationalis adopted a "Declaration on the Rights of Developing Nations". It supported the fundamental principled of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights . This marked the beginning of Caritas Internationalis adopting a more outward-facing advocacy approach, involving closer cooperation and engagement on

3990-825: The Porto Alegre summit in 2003. On 16 September 2004, Pope John Paul II granted public, juridical, and canonical personality to Caritas Internationalis, recognizing its formal status within the Church and its ability to operate with a greater degree of autonomy and authority. He also entrusted the task of "supervising and guiding the activity of Caritas Internationalis" to the Pontifical Council Cor Unum . Caritas Internationalis launched its " HAART for Children" advocacy campaign in 2009, calling on governments and pharmaceutical companies to develop and provide child-friendly HIV and tuberculosis medicine. In November 2012, Pope Benedict XVI published

4104-614: The Posner Building in Baltimore, Maryland , while operating numerous field offices on five continents. CRS has approximately 5,000 employees around the world. The agency is governed by a board of directors consisting of 13 clergy (most of them bishops) and 10 lay people. Initially founded as the War Relief Services, the agency's original purpose was to aid the refugees of war-torn Europe. A confluence of events in

4218-510: The Republic of Vietnam Military Forces . CRS's executive director during this period (1947–1976) was Bishop Edward E. Swanstrom . One of the key relief workers in those early years was Father Fabian Flynn, CP, who directed their efforts in Germany, Austria, and Hungary. As the agency grew, its programming focus widened, adapting to meet the needs of the post-World War II Catholic Church and

4332-529: The State Department and USAID have difficulty operating. International Health cultivates collaborative, arm's-length relationships with NGOs, recognizing their independence, expertise, and honest-broker status. International non-governmental organizations date back to at least the late 18th century, and there were an estimated 1,083 NGOs by 1914. International NGOs were important to the anti-slavery and women's suffrage movements, and peaked at

4446-406: The Syrian refugee crisis and Central African Republic crisis. Catholic Relief Services has been criticized by Catholic groups for its approach to education regarding contraception , in particular condoms . In 2017, Catholic Relief Services attempted to withdraw health insurance for the same-sex spouse of one of their male employees, citing their opposition to same-sex marriage . CRS's argument

4560-825: The United States . The first elected officials of the organisation were the Italian Bishop Ferdinando Baldelli , who served as President of Caritas Internationalis until 1962, and the German Carlo Bayer , who remained the Secretary General until 1970. In 1957, the International Conference of Catholic Charities changed its name to Caritas Internationalis to reflect the international presence of Caritas members on every continent. Throughout

4674-505: The Urban Institute and Stanford University 's Center for Social Innovation have shown that rating agencies create incentives for NGOs to lower (and hide) overhead costs, which may reduce organizational effectiveness by starving organizations of infrastructure to deliver services. An alternative rating system would provide, in addition to financial data, a qualitative evaluation of an organization's transparency and governance: In

Catholic Relief Services - Misplaced Pages Continue

4788-932: The Washington Consensus . Twentieth-century globalization increased the importance of NGOs. International treaties and organizations, such as the World Trade Organization , focused on capitalist interests. To counterbalance this trend, NGOs emphasize humanitarian issues , development aid , and sustainable development . An example is the World Social Forum , a rival convention of the World Economic Forum held each January in Davos , Switzerland. The fifth World Social Forum, in Porto Alegre , Brazil in January 2005,

4902-525: The motu proprio Intima Ecclesiae natura , which focuses on the principles and guidelines for the charitable activities of the Catholic Church, which explicitly asks of the bishops to "encourage in every parish of his territory the creation of a local Caritas service or a similar body". In May 2019, the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development became the new Vatican body overseeing

5016-570: The 1960s, including reconstruction after the 1962 Buin Zahra earthquake and the 1963 Skopje earthquake , as well as hunger and relief campaign after repeated famines in India and Pakistan. Caritas was a major humanitarian actor during the Biafran War (1967-1970) and Caritas Jerusalem was founded to coordinate the Catholic relief efforts after the 1967 Arab–Israeli War . In 1969, following

5130-466: The 27th International Eucharistic Congress in Amsterdam , an international conference on charity was held. This conference saw the participation of delegates from Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, and Switzerland. The primary objective of the conference was to discuss Catholic charitable activities in various countries. These discussions revealed

5244-656: The Canadian government's use of R2P to justify its intervention in the coup in Haiti. Large corporations have increased their corporate social responsibility departments to preempt NGO campaigns against corporate practices. Collaboration between corporations and NGOs risks co-option of the weaker partner, typically the NGO. In December 2007, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs S. Ward Casscells established an International Health Division of Force Health Protection & Readiness. Part of International Health's mission

5358-933: The Caritas confederation responded, including the Bosnian War (1991-1995), the famine in Somalia (1992, the Rwandan Genocide (1994) and the subsequent Great Lakes refugee crisis (1994-1996) and First Congo War (1996-1997), as well as the Kosovo War (1998-1999) When the War in Darfur began in 2003, the British Caritas member CAFOD took the lead in coordinating the confederation's cooperation with Action by Churches Together . This joint initiative

5472-554: The Caritas secretariat in Rome. An organisational consultant was appointed as a temporary administrator until elections were held for a new secretary-general in May 2023. These elections resulted in Alistair Dutton, previously the executive director of SCIAF (Caritas Scotland), winning the position of Secretary-General, and Archbishop of Tokyo Msgr. Tarcisio Isao Kikuchi being elected as President. Caritas Internationalis

5586-682: The Central African Republic who were allegedly abused by the priest. Following this report, the UN temporarily suspended its work with Caritas Central African Republic. Caritas Internationalis issues an apology, stating that it was "saddened and outraged" by the allegations of abuse and said it was working to improve its safeguarding policies towards children. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine in early 2022, Caritas in Ukraine and

5700-569: The Confederation also took its first steps in advocacy . The economic prosperity that many Western countries experienced highlighted that other parts of the world were still facing hunger and misery. In 1959, at the initiative of Cardinal Joseph Frings , the German bishops decided to launch a joint Lenten campaign to alleviate, hunger, poverty and disease in what was back then called the " Third World ". The idea of Lenten campaigns and using

5814-653: The Dominican Republic, Cuba and Antilles , while its sister agency, Catholic Charities , directed aid to those affected in the United States and its territories, including Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. More than 600,000 people in the Philippines were affected by Typhoon Mangkhut , which hit the island in September 2018. Nearly 1.6 million farmers and fishermen were affected by the storm, and

SECTION 50

#1732793886471

5928-563: The Office of Refugee Resettlement uses to help integrate immigrants to America. Government funding sometimes accounts for the vast majority of overall funding for these NGOs, for example Global Refuge received 180 million dollars of its 207 million dollar budget from federal funding. In recent years, government contracts to non-profits have exploded both in number and size. The Budget for the Office of Refugee Resettlement has increased from 1.8 billion in 2018 to 6.3 billion in 2022. Critics point to

6042-3773: The State is absent and provides 41% of all education services. Many Caritas organisations engaged in international cooperation and humanitarian relief outside their home countries operate as partnership organisations, practising localisation . This approach entails supporting local partners, typically local Caritas organisations, in implementing programs. Examples include Caritas Portugal , Development and Peace (Caritas Canada), and Caritas Denmark . Others, such as CRS, Caritas Czech Republic , and Caritas Switzerland , establish offices in third countries to directly manage humanitarian and development projects. The full membership list of Caritas organisations includes: The successive presidents of Caritas Internationalis have been: The incomplete list of secretaries-general of Caritas Internationalis includes: [REDACTED]  Caritas Angola [REDACTED]  Caritas Benin [REDACTED]  Caritas Botswana [REDACTED]   Caritas Burkina Faso (OCADES) [REDACTED]  Caritas Burundi [REDACTED]  Caritas Cameroon [REDACTED]  Caritas Cape Verde [REDACTED]  Caritas Central African Republic [REDACTED]  Caritas Chad [REDACTED]  Caritas Comoros [REDACTED]  Caritas Congo-Brazzaville [REDACTED]   Caritas Congo [REDACTED]  Caritas Côte d'Ivoire [REDACTED]  Caritas Equatorial Guinea [REDACTED]  Caritas Eritrea [REDACTED]  Caritas Eswatini [REDACTED]  Caritas Ethiopia (ECC- SDCO) [REDACTED]  Caritas Gabon [REDACTED]  Caritas Gambia (CaDO) [REDACTED]  Caritas Ghana [REDACTED]  Caritas Guinea (OCPH) [REDACTED]  Caritas Guinea-Bissau [REDACTED]  Caritas Kenya [REDACTED]  Caritas Lesotho [REDACTED]  Caritas Liberia [REDACTED]   Caritas Madagascar [REDACTED]  Caritas Malawi (CADECOM) [REDACTED]  Caritas Mali [REDACTED]  Caritas Mauritius [REDACTED]  Caritas Mozambique [REDACTED]  Caritas Namibia [REDACTED]  Caritas Niger (CADEV) [REDACTED]  Caritas Nigeria [REDACTED]  Caritas Rwanda [REDACTED]  Caritas São Tomé and Príncipe [REDACTED]  Caritas Senegal [REDACTED]  Caritas Seychelles [REDACTED]  Caritas Sierra Leone [REDACTED]  Caritas South Africa (Siyabhabha Trust) [REDACTED]  Caritas South Sudan [REDACTED]  Caritas Sudan [REDACTED]  Caritas Tanzania [REDACTED]   Caritas Togo (OCDI) [REDACTED]   Caritas Uganda [REDACTED]  Caritas Zambia [REDACTED]  Caritas Zimbabwe (CADEC) [REDACTED]   Caritas Bangladesh [REDACTED]  Caritas Cambodia [REDACTED]   Caritas Hong Kong [REDACTED]  Caritas India [REDACTED]   Caritas Indonesia [REDACTED]   Caritas Japan [REDACTED]  Caritas Kazakhstan [REDACTED]  Caritas Kyrgyzstan [REDACTED]  Caritas Laos [REDACTED]  Caritas Korea [REDACTED]   Caritas Macau [REDACTED]  Caritas Malaysia [REDACTED]  Caritas Mongolia [REDACTED]  Caritas Myanmar (KMSS) [REDACTED]      Caritas Nepal [REDACTED]   Caritas Pakistan [REDACTED]   Caritas Philippines (NASSA) [REDACTED]  Caritas Singapore and CHARIS NGO A non-governmental organization (NGO)

6156-458: The UN, an NGO is a private, not-for-profit organization which is independent of government control and is not merely an opposition political party . The rapid development of the non-governmental sector occurred in Western countries as a result of the restructuring of the welfare state . Globalization of that process occurred after the fall of the communist system, and was an important part of

6270-604: The United States (1910) and Caritas Czechoslovakia (1922). The first Caritas at the diocesan level was set up in Strasbourg , which is now part of France but was then part of the German Empire , in 1903. In 1916, in the context of World War 1 , Caritas was recognised as the single official umbrella organisation for the German Catholic church's relief operations. By 1922, all German dioceses had established their own Caritas association. In July 1924, during

6384-404: The United States to help live their faith in solidarity with their brothers and sisters around the world. In 2019, CRS released its new agency strategy, Vision 2030, centered around upholding human dignity by cultivating just and peaceful societies, accelerating the end of poverty, hunger, and preventable diseases, and alleviating suffering worldwide. In order to make these aspirations a reality,

6498-411: The Way on Hunger and Lead the Way on Migration campaigns. One of the oldest ways for U.S. Catholics to support the organization is through CRS Rice Bowl. Established in 1977, millions of parishioners, students, and teachers participate in CRS' Lenten program, which emphasizes prayer, fasting, learning, and giving. Materials offer daily prayers, recipes for simple meals and stories that teach about life in

6612-423: The World NGO Day, we celebrate the key civil society's contribution to public space and their unique ability to give voice to those who would have went [sic] otherwise unheard. European Commission Vice-President Federica Mogherini , commemorating the 2017 World NGO Day in Brussels Service-delivery NGOs provide public goods and services which governments of developing countries are unable to provide due to

6726-449: The circumstances of the people it encountered. In the 1970s and 1980s, programs that began as simple distributions of food, clothing and medicines to the poor evolved toward socio-economic development. By the late 1980s, health care, nutrition education, micro enterprise and agriculture had become major focuses of CRS programming. In the mid-1990s, CRS went through a significant institutional transformation. In 1993, CRS officials embarked on

6840-453: The confederation. Their primary task was to develop regional work plans, elect regional presidents, and appoint commissions to support the overall work of the Caritas Internationalis general secretariat. This structure aimed to foster increased cooperation among organisations within the same region, ensuring a more cohesive and impactful approach to their humanitarian missions. Additionally, the first common manual on how to implement disaster aid

6954-415: The country in November 2013, Caritas Philippines organised large-scale relief and reconstruction efforts and Caritas Bangladesh has been heavily involved in the support to the Rohingya refugees arriving from Myanmar in 2017. Caritas Lebanon was faced with an additional emergency when the 2020 Beirut explosion destroyed large parts of the city, and Caritas Congo has been a major humanitarian actor in

SECTION 60

#1732793886471

7068-536: The country lost between 80 and 90% of its rice and corn crops. Distant villages were initially difficult to reach, as debris and landslides covered several roads across the country. CRS responded with water purification tablets and jerry cans for families sheltering in evacuation centers in Benguet . Staff also focused on providing emergency shelter, hygiene kits, and cash transfers for those most in need. In partnership with Caritas Philippines, CRS heavily invested in disaster risk reduction and preparedness for communities in

7182-487: The country, together with Caritas Indonesia, they focused on supplying food, clean water, household items, and emergency shelter. More than 6,000 families were initially provided with these emergency kits. Part of CRS' response focused on providing cash assistance to local families, which not only allowed them to buy desperately needed essential items, but also supported local businesses during the crisis, allowing them to stay open and operational. In early 2019, Southern Africa

7296-554: The country. In late September 2018, a 7.5 magnitude earthquake hit Sulawesi , Indonesia , triggering a tsunami, which hit the city of Palu . Combined, the two events caused the deaths of more than 4,300 people and damaged more than 70,000 homes, leaving thousands of people homeless. The initial impact of the earthquake and tsunami caused the collapse of phone lines and damaged the local airport, making it more difficult for humanitarian organizations like CRS to respond immediately. When CRS staff were able to safely reach hard hit areas of

7410-482: The current Caritas Madagascar in 1959. By 1957, Caritas Internationalis had 37 member organisations. Caritas Internationalis coordinated the relief efforts of its members in response to emergencies in Europe, such as the 1953 floods in the Netherlands and Belgium , the 1953 Ionian earthquake , and the displacement of 200,000 Hungarian refugees after the 1956 uprising . In February 1957, Caritas Internationalis established an Emergency Aid Commission. Two years later,

7524-450: The developing world. The bowl itself, a symbol of both hunger and hope, is used to collect funds for those in need. Seventy-five percent of funds raised support development programs in Africa, Asia, and Latin America - such as the provision of food, access to clean water and meeting other essential needs. The remaining twenty-five percent stays in the diocese for local poverty and hunger alleviation projects. Catholic Relief Services serves as

7638-415: The development of poorer regions and social justice among nations. In 1967, Pope Paul VI published Populorum progressio , an encyclical on the topic of "the development of peoples" which would become a foundational text for the work of Caritas Internationalis and its members. It prompted Catholic charities such as Caritas to contemplate their role within the Church and the contemporary world, reinforcing

7752-401: The end of the 1980s. Caritas Lebanon became a major humanitarian actor during the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990). Together with the Lutheran World Federation and the World Council of Churches , Caritas Internationalis formed the Churches Drought Action for Africa, later renamed Joint Relief Programme, to respond to the communities affected by the 1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia and later

7866-456: The fields of humanitarian assistance and poverty alleviation. Funding sources include membership dues, the sale of goods and services, grants from international institutions or national governments, corporate social responsibility (CSR) funds and private donations. Although the term "non-governmental organization" implies independence from governments, many NGOs depend on government funding; one-fourth of Oxfam 's US$ 162 million 1998 income

7980-475: The following ways;: Similar terms include third-sector organization (TSO), nonprofit organization (NPO), voluntary organization (VO), civil society organization (CSO), grassroots organization (GO), social movement organization (SMO), private voluntary organization (PVO), self-help organization (SHO), and non-state actors (NSAs). Numerous variations exist for the NGO acronym, either due to language, region, or specificity. Some Romance languages use

8094-414: The forces that controlled them, whatever the governments concerned might think about the matter." Some NGOs, such as Greenpeace , do not accept funding from governments or intergovernmental organizations. The 1999 budget of the American Association of Retired Persons ( AARP ) was over $ 540 million. In America, government funding of NGOs relating to immigration is common, and is one of the stated methods

8208-544: The global stage through its UN delegations. On 19 July 1976, at the initiative of Pope Paul VI , Caritas Internationalis was granted civil juridical personality by the Vatican City State. The seven regions that currently form the Caritas confederation were established in the 1970s to enhance its effectiveness and unity. Regional assemblies were created and held during the General Assemblies of

8322-824: The ground by other organizations. Management techniques are crucial to project success. The World Bank classifies NGO activity into two general categories: NGOs may also conduct both activities: operational NGOs will use campaigning techniques if they face issues in the field, which could be remedied by policy change, and campaigning NGOs (such as human-rights organizations ) often have programs which assist individual victims for whom they are trying to advocate. Operational NGOs seek to "achieve small-scale change directly through projects", mobilizing financial resources, materials, and volunteers to create local programs. They hold large-scale fundraising events and may apply to governments and organizations for grants or contracts to raise money for projects. Operational NGOs often have

8436-675: The hardest-hit areas, as well as distributed emergency items like hygiene kits and clean water. Cyclone Kenneth hit less than a month later, flattening entire villages and leaving more than 150,000 people in Mozambique alone homeless. The second cyclone increased an already dangerous situation, as most emergency supplies were depleted after Cyclone Idai hit the region. Despite this, CRS worked with local governments in Mozambique to provide emergency shelter, food, and other life-saving supplies to families in Pemba. Like other humanitarian organizations,

8550-496: The homeless, the elderly, young mothers, people suffering from addictions, and the long-term unemployed. Simultaneously, a new global crisis emerged with the spreading of HIV/AIDS . In 1999, Caritas Internationalis signed a memorandum of understanding with the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS , agreeing to collaborating in raising awareness about the virus and caring for those affected. In

8664-457: The ideological background for the work of Caritas. In this context, the first Caritas organisations began to be established, with Caritas Germany being the very first, founded by Lorenz Werthmann in 1897 in Freiburg . In the following years, national Caritas organisations were set up in other countries, including Caritas Switzerland (1901), Caritas Austria (1903), Catholic Charities in

8778-578: The largest civil society organisations in their respective countries. For instance, American Catholic Relief Services (CRS) is one of the largest international humanitarian NGOs globally, reporting a revenue of $ 923 million USD in 2020. Caritas Germany is the largest welfare organisation and private employer in Germany, with almost 700,000 employees. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Caritas Congo fills gaps in essential services where

8892-476: The late 1990s, Caritas also focused on peacebuilding , notably in Colombia where Caritas Colombia started implementing peacebuilding projects and became involved in truth and reconciliation initiatives. In 2000, it convened the first National Congress of Reconciliation. In the 2000s, Caritas became involved in the World Social Forum , with 450 delegates from around 40 Caritas organisations participating in

9006-446: The long-term recovery phase implemented by Caritas organisations in India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and other countries. The latter phase included construction of earthquake-resistant houses and community infrastructure, job creation, and social assistance. After the 2010 Haiti earthquake , Caritas Internationalis and its member organisations provided humanitarian relief and rehabilitation support to over 1.5 million Haitians, using

9120-567: The mid 1950s—the end of colonial rule in many countries, the continuing support of the American Catholic community and the availability of food and financial resources from the U.S. Government—helped CRS expand operations. Its name was officially changed to Catholic Relief Services in 1955, and over the next 10 years it opened 25 country programs in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East. In Asia, CRS supplied food rations to

9234-467: The million-dollar salaries of CEOS and the use of funds for "music therapy" and "pet therapy" as a worrying sign that the money might not be appropriated to help the migrant crisis, but rather as a political move to keep wealthy backers loyal. Overhead is the amount of money spent on running an NGO, rather than on projects. It includes office expenses, salaries, and banking and bookkeeping costs. An NGO's percentage of its overall budget spent on overhead

9348-568: The national Caritas organisations. In most countries, the national Caritas is itself a federation of multiple Caritas organisations at diocesan level, which in turn can be further subdivided into different parish Caritas organisations. The confederation is divided into seven regions: Caritas Africa (with a secretariat based in Lomé, Togo ), Caritas Asia ( Bangkok, Thailand ), Caritas Europa ( Brussels, Belgium ), Caritas Middle East and North Africa ( Beirut, Lebanon ), Caritas North America (with

9462-535: The neighbouring countries implemented a large-scale response to support the internally displaced persons and refugees from Ukraine. In the first two years of the conflict, Caritas Ukraine and Caritas-Spes alone provided humanitarian aid to more than 3.8 million people in Ukraine. In November 2022, Pope Francis removed the secretary general and the entire leadership and governance team of Caritas Internationalis following an external investigation that uncovered significant management deficiencies impacting staff morale at

9576-653: The notion that social action should be grounded in serving those most in need and that initiatives should be developed collaboratively with the communities. That same year, CIDSE was established to coordinate the tasks identified by the Second Vatican Council as priorities for the Church, such as caring for the poor and oppressed and focusing on global justice. Since then, there has been close cooperation between Caritas Internationalis and CIDSE, with some Caritas member organisations also belonging to CIDSE. Emergency relief efforts and coordination continued in

9690-500: The number of the country's primary schools and health centers. The United States, by comparison, has approximately 1.5 million NGOs. NGOs further the social goals of their members (or founders): improving the natural environment , encouraging the observance of human rights , improving the welfare of the disadvantaged, or representing a corporate agenda. Their goals cover a wide range of issues. They may fund local NGOs, institutions and projects, and implement projects. NGOs can be in

9804-458: The organization outlined five goal areas to focus on between 2020 and 2030. CRS has dedicated itself to ensuring that: These goals also connect with and support the U.N.'s Sustainable Development Goals of: no poverty, zero hunger, good health and well-being, quality education, clean water and sanitation, decent work and economic growth, sustainable cities and communities, life on land, and peace, justice and strong institutions. CRS' work overseas

9918-477: The organization's experience with Ebola. Throughout the countries were CRS works, staff have also been installing hand-washing stations in community areas like schools and markets. CRS has been vocal in calling for the U.S. Congress and Trump administration to pass COVID-19 emergency funding bills providing support for those suffering from COVID-19 both within the United States and overseas. As of October 2020, CRS has COVID-19 specific programming in 73 countries and

10032-455: The party with the larger valuation need not be optimal when the public good is partially excludable, when both NGO and government may be indispensable, or when the NGO and the government have different bargaining powers. Moreover, the investment technology can matter for the optimal ownership structure when there are bargaining frictions, when the parties interact repeatedly or when the parties are asymmetrically informed. Today we celebrate

10146-478: The party with the more important investment task should be owner. Yet, Besley and Ghatak have argued that in the context of public projects the investment technology does not matter. Specifically, even when the government is the key investor, ownership by an NGO is optimal if and only if the NGO has a larger valuation of the project than the government. However, the general validity of this argument has been questioned by follow-up research. In particular, ownership by

10260-531: The poor and to families, immigration and housing, assistance to the sick, and the fight against alcoholism . The establishment of Caritas Catholica was reported to the Secretariat of State of the Holy See and the delegates of Caritas Catholica met every two years. Delegations were also present at some international conferences until the outbreak of the Second World War when all activities came to

10374-1199: The practice of building and maintaining partnerships with other organizations, stakeholders, and governments to achieve common objectives related to social or environmental issues. NGOs often work in complex environments, where multiple stakeholders have different interests and goals. Diplomacy allows NGOs to navigate these complex environments and engage in constructive dialogue with different actors to promote understanding, build consensus, and facilitate cooperation. Effective NGO diplomacy involves building trust, fostering dialogue, and promoting transparency and accountability. NGOs may engage in diplomacy through various means such as including advocacy, lobbying, partnerships, and negotiations. By working collaboratively with other organizations and stakeholders, NGOs can achieve greater impact and reach their goals more effectively. Tanzanian author and academic Issa G. Shivji has criticised NGOs in two essays: "Silences in NGO discourse: The role and future of NGOs in Africa" and "Reflections on NGOs in Tanzania: What we are, what we are not and what we ought to be". Shivji writes that despite

10488-502: The public and coordinate large-scale collective activities to advance an activist agenda. Since the end of the Cold War , more NGOs in developed countries have pursued international outreach. By being involved in local and national social resistance, they have influenced domestic policy change in the developing world. Specialized NGOs have forged partnerships, built networks, and found policy niches. Track II diplomacy (or dialogue)

10602-632: The raised funds to implement charitable projects was adopted in many countries and remains a major fundraising tool for many Caritas organisations worldwide. Caritas collaborated with the Food and Agriculture Organization on its five-year "Freedom from Hunger" campaign, launched in 1960. During its fifth General Assembly in 1960, the confederation called for locally based development aid in addition to emergency aid. The Confederation increasingly prioritized development as more Caritas organisations became development actors within their own countries. Consequently,

10716-547: The region less than two weeks after Hurricane Irma , made landfall on the island of Dominica with winds registered up to 160 mph. In the immediate aftermath, together with Caritas partners, CRS distributed 7,000 food and hygiene kits to families in Cuba , and more than 1,700 kits to families in the Dominican Republic . As the U.S. Catholic Church's international humanitarian agency, CRS focused on relief efforts in

10830-513: The rest of the 1950s, new national Caritas organisations were founded and joined Caritas Internationalis, including Caritas Hong Kong in 1953, Caritas Syria in 1954, and Caritas Brazil and Caritas Colombia in 1956. At the same time, the French Secours catholique set up antennas in the French colonies in Africa which would later become independent Caritas organisations, such as the current Caritas Burkina Faso , first established in 1956, or

10944-478: The same number of qualifications . However, in many cases NGOs employees receive more fringe benefits. NGOs are usually funded by donations, but some avoid formal funding and are run by volunteers. NGOs may have charitable status, or may be tax-exempt in recognition of their social purposes. Others may be fronts for political, religious, or other interests. Since the end of World War II , NGOs have had an increased role in international development , particularly in

11058-530: The social mission of the Catholic Church. While all member organisations are fully autonomous, they share the same mission and values. Therefore, the Caritas Internationalis secretariat does not wield direct authority over its members, such as the power to appoint or dismiss staff or impose programmes. Caritas operates according to the principle of subsidiarity . This also explains why the member organisations of Caritas Internationalis are only

11172-499: The synonymous abbreviation ONG ; for example: Other acronyms that are typically used to describe non-governmental organizations include: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a vital role in improving the lives of people who have been affected by natural disasters or are facing other challenges. NGOs can act as implementers, catalysts, and partners to provide essential goods and services to those in need. They work to mobilize resources, both financial and human, to ensure that aid

11286-660: The time of the 1932–1934 World Disarmament Conference . The term became popular with the 1945 founding of the United Nations in 1945; Article 71 in Chapter X of its charter stipulated consultative status for organizations which are neither governments nor member states. An international NGO was first defined in resolution 288 (X) of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) on February 27, 1950, as "any international organization that

11400-449: The tools of the incomplete contracting theory. According to this theory, not every detail of a relationship between decision makers can be contractually specified. Hence, in the future, the parties will bargain with each other to adapt their relationship to changing circumstances. Ownership matters because it determines the parties' willingness to make non-contractible investments. In the context of private firms, Oliver Hart has shown that

11514-441: The type of activities an NGO undertakes, such as activities involving human rights , consumer protection , environmentalism , health , or development; and (2) level of operation, which indicates the scale at which an organization works: local, regional, national, or international. Russia had about 277,000 NGOs in 2008. India is estimated to have had about 2 million NGOs in 2009 (approximately one per 600 Indians), many more than

11628-547: The victims of violence and hunger during the Eritrean War of Independence in the early 1990s. In terms of advocacy, Caritas Internationalis focused on promoting the inclusion of persons with disabilities. Notably, the organisation participated in United Nations sessions aimed at assessing and implementing recommendations from the International Year of Disabled Persons (1981). Another significant area of focus

11742-581: The work of the Caritas Internationalis, following the integration of the previous oversight body, the Pontifical Council Cor Unum , into the Dicastery in 2017. In November 2019, CNN reported that the Director of Caritas Central African Republic , a Belgian Salesian priest, had been convicted in Belgium in 2012 for child sexual abuse and possession of child pornography. CNN also identified two children in

11856-476: The world". Caritas Internationalis is the second-largest international humanitarian aid network in the world after the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement . In 1891, Pope Leo XIII 's encyclical Rerum novarum was published, addressing the condition of the working classes. Rerum Novarum is considered a foundational text of modern Catholic social teaching and provides

11970-644: Was adopted in 1979. In the 1970s and 1980s, the Confederation responded to a series of global humanitarian emergencies, including droughts in the Sahel , the influx of Vietnamese refugees arriving in Hong Kong starting in 1982, the 1985 Mexico City earthquake , the humanitarian emergency during the First Gulf War (1980-1988), the 1988 Bangladesh cyclone , and the extreme winter conditions in Europe at

12084-488: Was attended by representatives of over 1,000 NGOs. The 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro , attended by about 2,400 representatives, was the first to demonstrate the power of international NGOs in environmental issues and sustainable development. Transnational NGO networking has become extensive. Although NGOs are subject to national laws and practices, four main groups may be found worldwide: The Council of Europe drafted

12198-648: Was donated by the British government and the EU, and World Vision United States collected $ 55 million worth of goods in 1998 from the American government. Several EU grants provide funds accessible to NGOs. Government funding of NGOs is controversial, since "the whole point of humanitarian intervention was precise that NGOs and civil society had both a right and an obligation to respond with acts of aid and solidarity to people in need or being subjected to repression or want by

12312-506: Was given a further endorsement when the Secretariat of State entrusted it with the official representation of all Catholic welfare organisations at the international level, especially at the United Nations . The Holy Year in 1950 saw the beginning of a union of Caritas organisations. Following a suggestion by Monsignor Montini, then Substitute Secretary of State and later Pope Paul VI , a study week, with participants from 22 countries,

12426-587: Was held in Rome to examine the problems of Christian Caritas work. As a result, the decision was made to set up an "International Conference of Catholic Charities". On 21 October 1951, the Holy See approved the statutes of this international organisations ad experimentum and from 12 to 14 December 1951, the constitutive assembly of Caritas Internationalis took place. Founding members came from Caritas organisations in 13 countries: Austria , Belgium , Canada , Denmark , France , Germany , Italy , Luxembourg , Netherlands , Portugal , Spain , Switzerland , and

12540-654: Was hit by back-to-back cyclones, Idai in March and Kenneth in April. Combined, more than 1,300 people were killed and the cyclones caused more than US$ 2.3 billion in damage. The cyclones hit areas of Southern Africa already experiencing drought followed by severe rains and flooding. Cyclone Idai flooded more than 407,000 acres of farmland in Mozambique , making food insecurity worse for the country. After Cyclone Idai hit, CRS and local church partners provided emergency shelter in

12654-512: Was known as the Darfur Emergency Response Operation (DERO). Caritas Internationalis also coordinated the confederation's response after the 2003 invasion of Iraq , with Caritas Iraq being one of the few humanitarian organisations operational in the country. In the wake of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami , Caritas Internationalis raised around US$ 450,000,000 for the initial emergency phase and

12768-7717: Was rejected by a federal judge in August 2022, citing it as a case of sex discrimination according to Title VII , which also includes the protection of sexual orientation . In August 2023, the Maryland Supreme Court ruled 4–3 in favor of CRS, finding that Maryland's employment laws did not provide explicit protections for sexual orientation. [REDACTED]  Caritas Angola [REDACTED]  Caritas Benin [REDACTED]  Caritas Botswana [REDACTED]   Caritas Burkina Faso (OCADES) [REDACTED]  Caritas Burundi [REDACTED]  Caritas Cameroon [REDACTED]  Caritas Cape Verde [REDACTED]  Caritas Central African Republic [REDACTED]  Caritas Chad [REDACTED]  Caritas Comoros [REDACTED]  Caritas Congo-Brazzaville [REDACTED]   Caritas Congo [REDACTED]  Caritas Côte d'Ivoire [REDACTED]  Caritas Equatorial Guinea [REDACTED]  Caritas Eritrea [REDACTED]  Caritas Eswatini [REDACTED]  Caritas Ethiopia (ECC- SDCO) [REDACTED]  Caritas Gabon [REDACTED]  Caritas Gambia (CaDO) [REDACTED]  Caritas Ghana [REDACTED]  Caritas Guinea (OCPH) [REDACTED]  Caritas Guinea-Bissau [REDACTED]  Caritas Kenya [REDACTED]  Caritas Lesotho [REDACTED]  Caritas Liberia [REDACTED]   Caritas Madagascar [REDACTED]  Caritas Malawi (CADECOM) [REDACTED]  Caritas Mali [REDACTED]  Caritas Mauritius [REDACTED]  Caritas Mozambique [REDACTED]  Caritas Namibia [REDACTED]  Caritas Niger (CADEV) [REDACTED]  Caritas Nigeria [REDACTED]  Caritas Rwanda [REDACTED]  Caritas São Tomé and Príncipe [REDACTED]  Caritas Senegal [REDACTED]  Caritas Seychelles [REDACTED]  Caritas Sierra Leone [REDACTED]  Caritas South Africa (Siyabhabha Trust) [REDACTED]  Caritas South Sudan [REDACTED]  Caritas Sudan [REDACTED]  Caritas Tanzania [REDACTED]   Caritas Togo (OCDI) [REDACTED]   Caritas Uganda [REDACTED]  Caritas Zambia [REDACTED]  Caritas Zimbabwe (CADEC) [REDACTED]   Caritas Bangladesh [REDACTED]  Caritas Cambodia [REDACTED]   Caritas Hong Kong [REDACTED]  Caritas India [REDACTED]   Caritas Indonesia [REDACTED]   Caritas Japan [REDACTED]  Caritas Kazakhstan [REDACTED]  Caritas Kyrgyzstan [REDACTED]  Caritas Laos [REDACTED]  Caritas Korea [REDACTED]   Caritas Macau [REDACTED]  Caritas Malaysia [REDACTED]  Caritas Mongolia [REDACTED]  Caritas Myanmar (KMSS) [REDACTED]      Caritas Nepal [REDACTED]   Caritas Pakistan [REDACTED]   Caritas Philippines (NASSA) [REDACTED]  Caritas Singapore and CHARIS [REDACTED]  Caritas Sri Lanka [REDACTED]  Caritas Taiwan [REDACTED]  Caritas Tajikistan [REDACTED]  Caritas Thailand [REDACTED]  Caritas Timor Leste [REDACTED]  Caritas Uzbekistan [REDACTED]   Caritas Vietnam [REDACTED]   Caritas Albania [REDACTED]  Caritas Andorra [REDACTED]   Armenian Caritas [REDACTED]   Caritas Austria [REDACTED]  Caritas Azerbaijan (corresponding member) [REDACTED]  Caritas Belarus [REDACTED]   Caritas Catholica Belgica [REDACTED]   Caritas Bosnia and Herzegovina [REDACTED]  Caritas Bulgaria [REDACTED]   Caritas Croatia [REDACTED]   Caritas Czech Republic [REDACTED]   Caritas Denmark [REDACTED]   Caritas Estonia [REDACTED]   Caritas Finland [REDACTED]   Secours catholique [REDACTED]  Caritas Georgia [REDACTED]   Caritas Germany [REDACTED]  Caritas Hellas [REDACTED]  Caritas Hungary [REDACTED]  Caritas Iceland [REDACTED]   Trócaire [REDACTED]   Caritas Italy [REDACTED]   Caritas Kosovo (corresponding member) [REDACTED]   Caritas Latvia [REDACTED]   Caritas Lithuania [REDACTED]   Caritas Luxembourg [REDACTED]   Caritas Malta [REDACTED]   Caritas Moldova [REDACTED]   Caritas Monaco [REDACTED]  Caritas Montenegro [REDACTED]   Cordaid [REDACTED]  Caritas Macedonia [REDACTED]   Caritas Norway [REDACTED]   Caritas Poland [REDACTED]   Caritas Portugal [REDACTED]  Caritas Romania [REDACTED]  Caritas Russia [REDACTED]  Caritas San Marino [REDACTED]   Caritas Serbia [REDACTED]  Caritas Slovakia [REDACTED]   Caritas Slovenia [REDACTED]   Caritas Spain [REDACTED]   Caritas Sweden [REDACTED]     Caritas Switzerland [REDACTED]  Caritas Turkey [REDACTED]   Caritas Ukraine & Caritas-Spes [REDACTED]   CAFOD , CSAN and SCIAF    Caritas Antilles [REDACTED]  Caritas Argentina [REDACTED]  Caritas Bolivia [REDACTED]  Caritas Brazil [REDACTED]  Caritas Chile [REDACTED]   Caritas Colombia [REDACTED]  Caritas Costa Rica [REDACTED]  Caritas Cuba [REDACTED]  Caritas Dominican Republic [REDACTED]   Caritas Ecuador [REDACTED]  Caritas El Salvador [REDACTED]  Caritas Guatemala [REDACTED]  Caritas Haiti [REDACTED]  Caritas Honduras [REDACTED]   Caritas Mexico [REDACTED]  Caritas Nicaragua [REDACTED]  Caritas Panama [REDACTED]  Caritas Paraguay [REDACTED]  Caritas Peru [REDACTED]  Caritas Puerto Rico [REDACTED]  Caritas Uruguay [REDACTED]  Caritas Venezuela [REDACTED]  Caritas Algeria [REDACTED]  Caritas Cyprus [REDACTED]  Caritas Djibouti [REDACTED]  Caritas Iran [REDACTED]  Caritas Iraq     Caritas Jerusalem [REDACTED]   Caritas Jordan [REDACTED]   Caritas Lebanon [REDACTED]  Caritas Libya [REDACTED]  Caritas Mauritania [REDACTED]  Caritas Morocco [REDACTED]  Caritas Somalia [REDACTED]   Caritas Syria [REDACTED]  Caritas Tunisia [REDACTED]  Caritas Canada ( Development and Peace ) [REDACTED]   Catholic Relief Services [REDACTED]   Catholic Charities [REDACTED]   Caritas Australia [REDACTED]  Caritas Fiji [REDACTED]  Caritas Aotearoa New Zealand    Caritas Pacific Islands [REDACTED]  Caritas Papua New Guinea [REDACTED]  Caritas Samoa [REDACTED]  Caritas Tonga Caritas International Caritas Internationalis ( Latin for ' Charity International ' )

12882-555: Was subsequently named Caritas Catholica and formally established in 1928, with its headquarters at Caritas Switzerland in Lucerne . Wilhelm Kissling, the director of the Swiss Caritas , was appointed the first General Secretary, while Paul Müller-Sirnonis, the director of Caritas Alsace , became the inaugural president. The secretariat was organised into six specialised sections: youth, knowledge and teaching of charity, aid to

12996-609: Was the promotion of women's participation in programmes. Caritas Internationalis played an active role in the 1980 World Conference on Women and, in 1983, Caritas Latin America organised a dedicated event in Panama focusing on the role of women in development. In 1983, the Angolan Cardinal Alexandre do Nascimento succeeded the German priest Georg Hüssler as President of Caritas Internationalis. The 1990s and were marked by numerous humanitarian crises to which

#470529