68-701: Cabinet Secretariat may refer to: Cabinet Secretariat (India) Cabinet Secretariat (Indonesia) Cabinet Secretariat (Japan) Cabinet Secretariat in the Cabinet Directorate of the devolved Scottish Government in the United Kingdom Cabinet Secretariat (Pakistan) Secretariat of the Cabinet (Thailand) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
136-527: A Chinese ship from Shanghai Port , at Kandla Port . The ship was bound for Port Qasim in Karachi . It was seized for wrongly declaring an autoclave, which can be used in the launch process of ballistic missiles , as an industrial dryer. This seizure was done on an intelligence tip-off by R&AW. In late 2020, during India-China Standoff , R&AW was able obtain the decoded PLA WTC cryptography . A Chinese Technician recruited by R&AW had passed
204-565: A cell within the Cabinet Secretariat called the Project Monitoring Group was created to track stalled investment projects, both in the public and private sectors and to remove the implementation bottlenecks in these projects on a fast-track basis. An online portal open to the public was created where projects worth over ₹ 1,000 crore (US$ 120 million) were to be tracked. The Project Monitoring Group
272-550: A certain depth across the Line of control (LOC) and the international border . From its inception R&AW has been criticised for being an agency not answerable to the people of India (R&AW reports to Prime Minister only). Fears arose that it could turn into the KGB of India. Such fears were kept at bay by the R&;AW's able leadership (although detractors of R&AW and especially
340-524: A day. The operation, labelled Operation Cactus , also involved the Indian Navy . Swift operation by the military and precise intelligence by R&AW quelled the insurgency . In 2018–19, R&AW undertook many operations that crippled ISI and MSS intelligence network in Maldives. In February 1983 , Mauritian Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth requested assistance from Mrs Indira Gandhi in
408-516: A dedicated foreign intelligence agency to be established. After the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965 , the Chief of Army Staff, General Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri , also called for more intelligence-gathering. Around the end of 1966 the concept of a separate foreign intelligence agency began to take concrete shape. The Indira Gandhi administration decided that a full-fledged second security service
476-493: A democratic uprising against Mohammed Ershad , thus leading to his resignation. His Pro-Pakistan and Anti-Hindu policy decisions had been considered a threat by Indian government. In 1991, after Khaleda Zia had won election, India was alarmed over increased harassment of pro-India politicians, large-scale radicalisation and meticulously planned infiltration of trained extremists into Indian territory by Jamaat-e-Islami . JeI had set-up several terror training camps located along
544-650: A joint consultative board. As the amount and complexity of business of the Government increased, the work of the various departments was distributed amongst the members of the council: only the more important cases were dealt with by the Governor-General or the Council collectively. This procedure was legalised by the Councils Act of 1861, during the time of Lord Canning, leading to the introduction of
612-749: A separate desk for this purpose. The Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC), under the Cabinet Secretariat , is responsible for coordinating and analysing intelligence activities between R&AW, the Intelligence Bureau and the Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA). In practice, however, the effectiveness of the JIC has been varied. Director of R&AW is a member of the JIC Steering Committee and
680-714: A severe shortage of employees. The number of personnel in 2013 was estimated to be 5,000 personnel. This represents a staff deficit of 40% below sanctioned strength. In 2013, The Hindu reported the organisation was short on management level staff by 130 and in specialized areas like technology there was also a huge shortage. In number of cryptanalysts , it was short by approximately 33%. The primary mission of R&AW includes intelligence collection via HUMINT , psychological warfare , subversion , sabotage . R&AW maintains active liaison with other agencies and services in various countries. Those agencies include SVR of Russia, Afghanistan's NDS , Israel's Mossad , Germany's BND ,
748-823: A special exfiltration operation was undertaken by R&AW. At least four Indian nationals working in various parts of Afghanistan, that had been abducted by the Haqqani network , were successfully rescued. In 2020, 10 MSS Operatives from Xinjiang State Security Department (XSSD) were arrested in Kabul by the Afghan ; NDS . During Questioning, one of operative told the interrogators that they were gathering information about al-Qaeda, Taliban and Turkistan Islamic Party in Kunar and Badakhshan provinces , and wanted to assassinate high-level members of TIP . This counter-intelligence operation
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#1732771939392816-544: A specific period in the agency if they wish to. Most of the secretaries have been officers from the IPS and other posts are held by IRS and IFS officers. R&AW also employs a number of linguists and other experts in various fields. The service conditions of R&AW officers are governed by the Research and Analysis Wing (Recruitment, Cadre and Service) Rules, 1975. Basic training commences with ' pep talks ' to boost
884-474: A wing of the main Intelligence Bureau with 250 employees and an annual budget of ₹ 2 crore . In the early seventies, its annual budget had risen to ₹ 30 crore while its personnel numbered several thousand. In 2007, the budget of R&AW is speculated to be as high as US$ 150 million to as low as US$ 100 million. Slowly other child agencies such as the Radio Research Center and
952-596: Is also alleged that R&AW planned and executed the 1971 Indian Airlines hijacking as a false flag operation to ban overflight by Pakistani aircraft and disrupt Pakistani troop movement in East Pakistan . Special Frontier Force , then under R&AW actively participated in military operations especially in the Chittagong Hill Tracts . After the war ended in the successful creation of Bangladesh. However, four years later Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1020-615: Is also under the Cabinet Secretariat. The Cabinet Secretary is the ex-officio head of the Civil Services Board, the Cabinet Secretariat, the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and head of all civil services under the rules of business of the Government . The Cabinet Secretary is generally the senior-most officer of the Indian Administrative Service . The Cabinet Secretary ranks 11th on
1088-727: Is authorized to brief the Prime Minister. With the establishment of the National Security Council in 1999, the role of the JIC has been merged with the NSC. R&AW's legal status is unusual, in that it is not an "Agency", but a "Wing" of the Cabinet Secretariat . Hence, R&AW is not answerable to the Parliament of India on any issue, which keeps it out of reach of the Right to Information Act . This exemption
1156-660: Is either preprocessed by a senior field officer or by a desk officer. The desk officer then passes the information to the Joint Secretary and then on to the Additional Secretary and from there it is disseminated to the concerned end user. R&AW personnel are called "Research Officers" instead of the traditional "agents". There is a sizeable number of female officers in R&AW even at the operational level. In recent years, R&AW has shifted its primary focus from Pakistan to China and have started operating
1224-497: Is only of because such operations that many high-ranking Khalistani militants like Harminder Singh Mintoo, Tara Singh, Kulbir Kaur, Ramandeep Singh etc. have been arrested and deported to India. In November 1988, the People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE), composed of about 200 Tamil secessionist rebels under Abdullah Luthufi, invaded Maldives . At the request of the president of Maldives, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom ,
1292-643: Is responsible for the administration of the Government of India . It provides secretarial assistance to the Cabinet of India and facilitates smooth transaction of business between Ministries and Departments of the Government. It functions from the Rashtrapati Bhavan on Raisina Hill in New Delhi. The Cabinet Secretariat is under the charge of the Prime Minister of India and is headed by
1360-574: Is the head of the Union Government, as distinct from the president of India, who is the head of state. Since India has parliamentary system of constitutional democracy, it is the prime minister who oversees the day-to-day functioning of the Union Government of India. The prime minister is assisted in this task by his Council of Ministers, comprising Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State with Independent Charge, Ministers of State who work with Cabinet Ministers, and deputy ministers. In June 2013,
1428-626: The CIA and MI6 have been well-known, a common interest being Pakistan's nuclear programme . R&AW has been active in obtaining information and operating through third countries. R&AW offices abroad have limited strength and are largely geared to the collection of military , economic , scientific , and political intelligence . R&AW monitors the activities of certain organisations abroad only insofar as they relate to their involvement with narco terrorist elements and smuggling arms, ammunition, explosives, etc. into India. It does not monitor
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#17327719393921496-877: The Cabinet Secretary . During the British Raj , Governmental business was disposed of by the Council of the Governor General of India . The Council functioned as a Joint Consultative Board. The Governor-General of India 's secretary was designated Secretary to the Executive Council. With the Interim Government of India being formed in 1946, the Secretariat of the Executive Council was designated as Cabinet Secretariat and
1564-710: The Chinese and Pakistani borders . In the 1970s, the Special Frontier Force (SFF) moved under R&AW from Intelligence Bureau (IB) and was tasked to train Bengali rebels . In 1977, R&AW's operations and staff were dramatically cut under the premiership of Morarji Desai , which hurt the organisation's capabilities with the shutting of entire sections of R&AW, like its Information Division. These cuts were reduced following Gandhi's return. In 2004, National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO)
1632-662: The Electronics and Technical Services (ETS) were added to R&AW in the 1970s and 1990s. In 1971, Kao had persuaded the Government to set up the Aviation Research Centre (ARC). The ARC's main purpose was aerial reconnaissance . It replaced the Indian Air Force 's old reconnaissance aircraft, and by the mid-1970s, R&AW, through the ARC, had high quality aerial pictures of the installations along
1700-565: The Indian Armed Forces , with assistance from R&AW, launched a military campaign to throw the mercenaries out of Maldives. On the night of 3 November 1988, the Indian Air Force airlifted the 6th parachute battalion of the Parachute Regiment from Agra and flew them over 2,000 km to Maldives . The Indian paratroopers landed at the airstrip of Hulhule island and restored the Government rule at Malé within
1768-546: The Indian Order of Precedence . The Cabinet Secretary is under the direct charge of the prime minister . Though there is no fixed tenure, the office-bearer's tenure can be extended. Before the adoption of the portfolio system in the Government of India, all governmental business was disposed of by the Governor-General-in Council (earlier name of Cabinet Secretariat), the Council functioning as
1836-534: The Janata Party have accused the agency of letting itself be used for terrorising and intimidating opposition during the 1975–1977 Emergency ). The main controversy which has plagued R&AW in recent years is over bureaucratisation of the system with allegations about favouritism in promotions, corruption, ego clashes, no financial accountability, inter-departmental rivalry, etc. Noted security analyst and former Additional Secretary B. Raman has criticised
1904-668: The Secretary (Research) in the Cabinet Secretariat , and is under the authority of the Prime Minister of India without parliamentary oversight. Secretary reports to the National Security Advisor on a daily basis. In 1968, upon its formation, the union government led by the Indian National Congress (INC) adopted the motto Dharmo Rakshati Rakshitah . Prior to the inception of the Research and Analysis Wing, overseas intelligence collection
1972-442: The field training , the new recruit is brought back to the school for final polishing. Before their deployment in the field, they will be given exhaustive training in the art of self-defence mainly Krav Maga , and the use of technical espionage devices. They are also drilled in various administrative disciplines so that they could take their place in the foreign missions without arousing suspicion. They are now ready to operate under
2040-566: The 'bottom of the entrance lists' of those qualifying the UPSC examinations were offered jobs. Additionally, recruitment is also by lateral deputation from the Officer corps of Armed Forces or Group A Civil Service Officers. The Civil and Defence Service Officers permanently resign their cadre and join the RAS. However, according to recent reports, officers can return to their parent cadre after serving
2108-680: The Northern Alliance's aerial support. This relationship was further cemented in the 2001 Afghan war . After the September 11, 2001 attacks , R&AW provided the intelligence to western countries that there were over 120 training camps operating in Afghanistan and Pakistan , run by a variety of militant groups. After the Overthrow of Taliban in Afghanistan in 2001, R&AW was the first intelligence agency to determine
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2176-479: The Research and Analysis Service (RAS) to absorb talent from other Group A Civil Services, under the Central Staffing Scheme. Direct recruitment at Class I executive level is from Civil services officers undergoing Foundation course at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration . At the end of the course, it conducts a campus interview. Based on a selection of psychological tests and
2244-616: The Secretary (R) reports to the National Security Adviser . The purview of the Cabinet Secretary over the R&AW is limited to administrative and financial matters. The Secretary (R) reports on an administrative basis to the Cabinet Secretary, who reports to the Prime Minister. Reporting to the Secretary (R) are: The internal structure of the R&AW is a matter of speculation, but brief overviews of
2312-661: The Secretary to the Executive Council re-designated Cabinet Secretary . The Cabinet Secretariat is responsible for the administration of the Government of India (Transaction of Business) Rules, 1961 and the Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules 1961, facilitating a smooth transaction of business in Ministries/ Departments of the Government by ensuring adherence to these rules. The Secretariat assists in decision-making in Government by ensuring Inter-Ministerial coordination, ironing out differences amongst Ministries/ Departments and evolving consensus through
2380-493: The Times of India. A task force report prepared by a New Delhi-based security think tank highlighted that R&AW operatives have inadequate non-official cover for overseas operations which 'limits access to spot real targets' and causes issues on handling 'high-value assets'. The known activities and operations of R&AW, by country: R&AW trained the intelligence officers of many independent African countries and assisted
2448-641: The USA shared a common fear about the nuclear capabilities of China. Owing to the extreme remoteness of Chinese testing grounds, strict secrecy surrounding the Chinese nuclear programme, and the extreme difficulty that an Indian or American would have passing themselves off as Chinese, it was almost impossible to carry out any HUMINT operation. So, the CIA in the late 1960s decided to launch an ELINT operation along with R&AW and ARC to track China's nuclear tests and monitor its missile launches. The operation, in
2516-459: The activities of criminal elements abroad, which are mainly confined to normal smuggling without any links to terrorist elements. R&AW officers are posted to Indian diplomatic missions under official cover as diplomats, frequently in the consular wing. The relationship between R&AW and the Ministry of External Affairs has been unstable because they "inhabit different worlds" according to
2584-484: The agency for its asymmetric growth; "while being strong in its capability for covert action it is weak in its capability for intelligence collection, analysis and assessment. Strong in low and medium-grade intelligence, weak in high-grade intelligence. Strong in technical intelligence , weak in human intelligence . Strong in collation, weak in analysis. Strong in investigation, weak in prevention. Strong in crisis management, weak in crisis prevention." R&AW started as
2652-527: The anti-apartheid struggles in South Africa and Namibia . Retired R&AW officers were deputed to work in training institutes of intelligence agencies of some African states. R&AW was one of the primary agencies that provided the information about Ravi Pujari , being located in Senegal. This information was then provided to Senegalese authorities, who arrested Pujari and deported him to India. He
2720-412: The border. So in order to stop all this activity, R&AW spontaneously bombed several of its camps and a major ISI safe house, thus dismantling JeI's terror network. In 1977–97, India took active part in Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict . R&AW trained and financed the rebels of Shanti Bahini . After China tested its first nuclear weapons on 16 October 1964, at Lop Nur , Xinjiang , India and
2788-592: The borders: Initially, R&AW relied primarily on trained intelligence officers who were recruited directly. These belonged to the external wing of the Intelligence Bureau . Candidates are mostly recruited from the IPS and few other civil services along with candidates from armed forces of India, the latter being in lesser number though. Later, it began directly recruiting graduates from universities. However owing to allegations of nepotism in appointments, in 1983 R&AW created its own service cadre,
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2856-505: The cover of an Embassy to gather information, set up their own network of informers, moles or operatives as the task may require. Field and arms training is provided in the Indian Military Academy Headquarters at Dehradun . The training model has been criticised as being 'archaic and too police-centric' and not incorporating 'modern technological advances in methods of communication' etc. R&AW has
2924-753: The decryption data. In Fiji , where Fijians with Indian ancestry were being persecuted by Sitiveni Rabuka , R&AW launched an operation involving informants in Australia , New Zealand and UK to successfully oust him from power. In August 1991, R&AW undertook a physical surveillance and tracking operation of Indian nationals from Jammu and Kashmir that were taking weapons training in Qom . Since 2014, R&AW has undertaken numerous identification, physical surveillance and tracking operations, in Malaysia, targeted towards Khalistani organisations. It
2992-634: The event of a coup by rival politician Paul Bérenger . In March 1983, Gandhi ordered the Indian Army and Navy to prepare for a military intervention against a possible coup against the Jugnauth government. But the military intervention was put off by Mrs. Gandhi, after a squabble between the Indian Navy and Army, on who would lead the operation. Instead, she chose to task the Research and Analysis Wing's then chief, Nowsher F. Suntook, with supervising
3060-533: The extent of the Kunduz airlift . In 2017, R&AW undertook counter-terrorism operation, described as “unprecedented in its scale and scope”, foiled a major terrorist attack by an Islamic State - Khorasan suicide bomber in New Delhi. The CIA was also involved in this Operation. The militant was later transferred to a US base in Afghanistan for further questioning. The operation spanned 3 countries and involved 80 Research officers. In November–December 2019,
3128-664: The first Indian Director of the IB. Having been depleted of trained manpower by the exit of the British after Indian independence , Pillai tried to run the bureau on MI5 lines. In 1949, Pillai organised a small foreign intelligence operation, but the Indian debacle in the Sino-Indian War of 1962 showed it to be ineffective. Foreign intelligence failure during the 1962 Sino-Indian War led then-Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru to order
3196-401: The following: The head of R&AW is designated Secretary (R) in the Cabinet Secretariat . Most of the previous chiefs have been experts on either Pakistan or China. They also have the benefit of training in either the USA or the UK, and more recently in Israel . R&AW works directly under the command of the Prime Minister. Its structure and operations are classified. On a daily basis,
3264-474: The functions of the Cabinet Secretariat. It no longer remained concerned with only the passive work of circulating papers to Ministers and Ministries, but instead developed into an organisation for effecting coordination between the Ministries. The Cabinet Secretariat is under the direct charge of the prime minister. When any policy is made in the Cabinet Secretariat there must be signature of prime minister and Cabinet Secretary of India. The prime minister of India
3332-400: The garb of a mountaineering expedition to Nanda Devi involved Indian climber M S Kohli who along with operatives of Special Frontier Force and the CIA – most notably Jim Rhyne, a veteran STOL pilot – was to place a permanent ELINT device, a transceiver powered by a plutonium battery, that could detect and report data on future nuclear tests carried out by China. The monitoring device
3400-541: The instrumentality of the standing/ad hoc Committees of Secretaries . Through this mechanism new policy initiatives are also promoted. Cabinet Secretariat is organised as follows: Secretary (Coordination), Secretary (Security) (under whom comes the Special Protection Group ) and Secretary ( R ) (heads Research and Analysis Wing ;). Chairperson ( National Authority for Chemical Weapons Convention ), NIC Cell, The Directorate of Public Grievances, Direct Benefits Transfer (DBT) Mission, Vigilance & Complaints Cell (VCC)
3468-407: The interview, candidates are inducted for a lien period of one year. During this period, they have an option of rejoining their parent service (if they wish to) after which they can be permanently absorbed into the Research and Analysis Service. Delhi-based security think tank Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses noted in one of its reports that R&AW suffered from the 'tail-end syndrome' where
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#17327719393923536-406: The morale of the new recruit. This is a ten-day phase in which the inductee is familiarised with the real world of intelligence and espionage , as opposed to the spies of fiction. Common usages, tradecraft techniques and classification of information are taught. Financial and economic analysis , space technology , information security , energy security and scientific knowledge is imbibed to
3604-471: The portfolio system and the inception of the Executive Council of the Governor-General. The Secretariat of the Executive Council was headed by the Cabinet Secretary. The constitution of the Interim Government in September 1946 brought a change in the name, though little in functions, of this Office. The Executive Council's Secretariat was then designated as the Cabinet Secretariat. It seems, however, at least in retrospect, that Independence brought some change in
3672-450: The residential Training and Language Institute in Gurgaon . A multi-disciplinary school of economic intelligence is also being set up in Mumbai to train intelligence officers in investigating economic crimes like money laundering for terror purposes etc. After completing 'Basic Training' the recruit is now attached to a Field Intelligence Bureau (FIB). Their training here lasts for 1–2 years. They are given firsthand experience of what it
3740-430: The same are present in the public domain. Attached to the Headquarters of R&AW at Lodhi Road , New Delhi are different regional headquarters, which have direct links to overseas stations and are headed by a controlling officer who keeps records of different projects assigned to field officers who are posted abroad. Intelligence is usually collected from a variety of sources by field officers and deputy field officers; it
3808-401: The security of India's nuclear programme . During the nine-year tenure of its first Secretary, Rameshwar Nath Kao , R&AW quickly came to prominence in the global intelligence community, playing a role in major events such as accession of the state of Sikkim to India in 1975. Headquartered in New Delhi , R&AW's current chief is Ravi Sinha . The head of R&AW is designated as
3876-547: The title Cabinet Secretariat . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_Secretariat&oldid=1195367270 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Cabinet Secretariat (India) The Cabinet Secretariat ( IAST : Mantrimanḍala Sacivālaya )
3944-442: The trainees. The recruit is made to specialise in a foreign language and introduced to Geostrategic analysis . Case studies of other agencies like CIA , KGB , ISI , Mossad and MI6 are presented for study. The inductee is also taught that intelligence organisations do not identify who is friend and who is foe, the country's foreign policy does. Basic classroom training in tactics and language are imparted to R&AW officers at
4012-435: Was assassinated on 15 August 1975 at his residence. R&AW operatives claimed that they had advance information about Mujibur Rahman's assassination but Sheikh Mujib tragically ignored inputs. He was killed along with much of his family. Later, R&AW successfully thwarted plans of assassinating Sheikh Hasina Wazed , daughter of Mujibur Rahman, by Islamist extremists . In 1990, R&AW had helped engineer and support
4080-407: Was formally arrested at Kempegowda International Airport by Karnataka Police . During the Soviet War in Afghanistan , R&AW had recruited three powerful warlords, including Ahmad Shah Massoud . In 1996, R&AW had built a 25-bed military hospital at the Farkhor Air Base . This airbase was used by the Aviation Research Centre , the reconnaissance arm of R&AW, to repair and operate
4148-422: Was granted through Section 24 read with Schedule II of the act. However, information regarding the allegations of corruption and human rights violations has to be disclosed. R&AW has 10 field formations all over India, known as Special Bureaus. These Bureaus have an area of responsibility targeted towards the countries that share land border with India . They are largely located in major cities near or along
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#17327719393924216-403: Was moved to the Prime Minister's Office in 2014. Research and Analysis Wing The Research and Analysis Wing ( R&AW ) is the foreign intelligence agency of India. The agency's primary function is gathering foreign intelligence , counter-terrorism , counter-proliferation , advising Indian policymakers, and advancing India's foreign strategic interests. It is also involved in
4284-399: Was near successfully implanted on Nanda Devi , when an avalanche forced a hasty withdrawal. Later, a subsequent mountain operation to retrieve or replant the device was aborted when it was found that the device was lost. Recent reports indicate that radiation traces from this device have been discovered in sediment below the mountains. In February 2020, Indian Customs officials detained
4352-477: Was needed. R. N. Kao , then a deputy director of the Intelligence Bureau, submitted a blueprint for the new agency. Kao was appointed as the chief of India's first foreign intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing. The R&AW was given the responsibility for strategic external intelligence, human as well as technical, plus concurrent responsibility with the Directorate-General of Military Intelligence for tactical trans-border military intelligence up to
4420-421: Was primarily the responsibility of the Intelligence Bureau (IB), which was created by the Government of India during British Raj . In 1933, sensing the political turmoil in the world which eventually led to the Second World War , the Intelligence Bureau's responsibilities were increased to include the collection of intelligence along India's borders. In 1947, after independence , Sanjeevi Pillai took over as
4488-461: Was setup by Government of India as a super-feeder agency for technical intelligence . While the exact nature of the operations conducted by NTRO is classified, it is believed that it deals with research on imagery and communications using various platforms. The present R&AW objectives include: In the past, following the Sino-Indian war of 1962 and due to India's volatile relations with Pakistan, R&AW's objectives had also consisted of
4556-402: Was to be out in the figurative cold , conducting clandestine operations . During night exercises under realistic conditions, they are taught infiltration and exfiltration . They are also instructed to avoid capture and if caught, how to face interrogation . They will learn the art of reconnoitre , making contacts, and, the numerous skills of operating an intelligence mission . At the end of
4624-436: Was undertaken based on a tip from R&AW. In the early 1970s, the army of Pakistan launched military crackdown in response to the Bangladesh independence movement . Nearly 1 crore (10 million) refugees fled to India. R&AW was instrumental in the formation of the Bangladeshi guerrilla organisation Mukti Bahini and responsible for supplying information, providing training and heavy ammunition to this organisation. It
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