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21-491: The municipality contains 56% of the 10,074 hectares (24,890 acres) Baía do Iguape Marine Extractive Reserve , created in 2000. São Félix is located directly across the Paraguaçu River from Cachoeira; it also borders the municipalities of Conceição da Feira , Santo Amaro , Saubara , Maragogipe , Governador Mangabeira , and Muritiba . The area of present-day Cachoeira was home to numerous Amerindians prior to

42-400: A growing number of intangible cultural heritage entities. The presidency of the institute was held by only two individuals over its first forty years. Rodrigo Melo Franco led SPHAN/IPHAN from 1937 until his retirement in 1967; his successor was the architect Renato Soeiro , who led the institute from 1967 to 1979. The federal agency dedicated to the preservation of historic sites Brazil

63-476: A team which included the poet Mário de Andrade . The team, together with the lawyer Rodrigo Melo Franco , undertook a project to research and catalog a large number of historic sites across Brazil. Rodrigo Melo Franco would lead the institute from SPHAN was replaced by the National Historical and Artistic Heritage Institute (IPHAN) in 1970. It again underwent various name changes again in 1979;

84-403: Is a heritage register of the federal government of Brazil . It is responsible for the preservation of buildings, monuments, structures, objects and sites, as well as the register and safeguard of intangible cultural heritage deemed of historic or cultural importance to the country. IPHAN maintains 1,047 sites, which include historic buildings, city centers, and landscapes. It additionally lists

105-408: Is a marine extractive reserve in the state of Bahia , Brazil. As of 2002 the reserve supported about 5,000 people engaged in fishing and shellfish collection. The Baía do Iguape Marine Extractive Reserve is divided between the municipalities of Cachoeira (56.37%) and Maragogipe (39.48%) in the state of Bahia. It covers 10,074 hectares (24,890 acres). It covers the long and narrow Iguape Bay at

126-605: The Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor , created in 2002. It is classed as IUCN protected area category VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources). The objective is to protect an area used by traditional extractive populations whose livelihood is based on extraction, subsistence agriculture and raising small animals, to protect the livelihoods and culture of these populations, and to ensure sustainable use of natural resources. Law 12058 of 13 October 2009 amended

147-566: The Amerindian population. Fighting continued between the two groups into the 17th century and hindered the settlement of the region by the Portuguese. Captain-General Gaspar Rodrigues Adorno attempted a final expulsion of the indigenous population in the early 17th century, and his son, João Rodrigues Adorno, rebuilt the a residential fort and a chapel in 1654. The chapel, Capela de Nossa Senhora da Ajuda ( Chapel of Our Lady of Help ), became

168-584: The Caquende and Pitanga neighborhoods of Cachoeira in August. It soon spread to both urban and rural parts of the town; 100 people died within the first ten days of the arrival of cholera in the Cachoeira. The epidemic disproportionately affected the town's slave population. Ultimately 3,000 died from the disease in the urban part of the city and 8,500 in outlying rural areas. Entire families were lost to cholera,

189-536: The bridge, which was inaugurated on July 7, 1885. Pedro II of Brazil allowed his name on the bridge, which was named the Dom Pedro II Bridge , and the Imperial Arms were placed on a keystone of the bridge. The worldwide 1846–1860 cholera pandemic reduced the population of Cachoeira and caused widespread social and economic disorder. The disease spread to Salvador in early 1855 and appeared in

210-589: The city connected the agricultural lands of the Reconcavo and the interior sertão region. Sugar cane farming and gold mining on the De Contas River (Rio de Contas) brought wealth to Cachoeira and resulted in an organized settlement on the Paraguaçu with numerous public buildings, churches, and urban residences. Cachoeira became a center of the independence movement in the early 19th century. It

231-544: The colonial period. Paulo Dias Adorno and Afonso Rodrigues arrived in the region in 1531 from Portugal. They and their descendants entered into a century of conflict with the existing indigenous population, ultimately resulting in the expulsion of native Brazilians from the region. Mem de Sá , governor-general of the Portuguese colony of Brazil from 1557 to 1572, first attempted to expel the native population from Cachoeira in 1559. Álvaro Rodrigues Adorno, son of António Dias Adorno, arrived in 1595 and attempted peace settlements with

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252-523: The early 20th century. The Serviço do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (SPHAN) was established in 1937 and replace to IMN; it was linked to the Ministry of Education and Health. SPHAN was established through Article no. 378 of the "Estado Novo" Constitution of 1937) by Getúlio Vargas , President of the Republic. The establishment of SPHAN was led by Education Minister Gustavo Capanema and

273-586: The first in Cachoeira. The settlement became known as Nossa Senhora do Rosário in 1674. It became the second town in Bahia under a Royal Charter of 1693 and was renamed the Vila de Nossa Senhora do Rosário do Porto da Cachoeira do Porto da Cachoeira do Paraguaçu. Because of its location on the Paraguaçu River , the town served as an important economic link between the interior of Bahia and its capital, Salvador;

294-587: The limits, defining an area of about 10,074.42 hectares (24,894.4 acres) with a perimeter of about 163,510.22 metres (536,450.9 ft). The deliberative council was created by ICMBio on 16 October 2009 with representatives of government agencies and the extractive communities. The reserve was recognised on 14 May 2014 for PRONAF purpose as covering 1,500 extractive families. National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage The National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute ( Portuguese : Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional , IPHAN )

315-459: The mouth of the Paraguaçu River which empties into the Bay of All Saints (Baia de Todos os Santos). As of 2002 there were about 900 families with 4,960 people involved in fishing and gathering shellfish in the bay. Fishing is mainly done by men and shellfish collection by women and children. Shrimps, fish, oysters and mussels are harvested, sorted, in some cases smoked, and sold to middlemen who take

336-466: The product to Salvador . Other economic activities include agriculture, crafts, and more recently fish farming. Earnings are generally well above the minimum wage. As of 1998 only 4% of the population had high school education and 28% were illiterate. As of 2009 the state government had selected the extreme south of the reserve as the site for a naval centre, and was proceeding with implementation. The local communities had not been consulted. The project

357-400: The town was left with numerous orphans, several engenhos closed, and the economy of Cachoeira saw a steadily decline. The city is now a center of tourism, is noted for its historic structures, and is a center of Candomblé . Cachoeira is home to numerous colonial-period historic structures, many designated as Brazilian national and Bahian state monuments. The historic center of Cachoeira

378-541: Was a center of the war of the Independence of Bahia and was elevated to city status under an imperial decree of March 13, 1873. The Companhia Central da Bahia —Imperial Central Railway Company Limited constructed a 25 kilometres (16 mi) extension from Feira de Santana to Cachoeira and São Félix in 1874. A foundation stone of a future railroad bridge was placed in Cachoeira on December 22, 1881. The engineers Frederico Merei and Affonso Glycerio da Cunha Maciel built

399-565: Was created in 1933 under the name Inspetoria de Monumentos Nacionais (IMN). It was established as a unit linked to the National Historical Museum (NHM). IMN was established by Federal Decree No. 24,735 of July 14, 1934. Its main purpose was to prevent the export of historic objects from Brazil to the international antiquities trade and the demolition of buildings and monuments as part of the rapid urban reforms in Brazil during

420-637: Was designated a national monument by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN). Cachoeira is also a noted center of historic terreiros of Candomblé, many of which have state or federal protection. Churches Candomblé Terreiros Residences Urban buildings and structures Sugar plantations [REDACTED] Media related to Cachoeira, Bahia at Wikimedia Commons Ba%C3%ADa do Iguape Marine Extractive Reserve The Baía do Iguape Marine Extractive Reserve ( Portuguese : Reserva Extrativista Marinha da Baía do Iguape )

441-418: Was justified on the basis of creating jobs, but negative social impacts had not been considered. The Baía do Iguape Marine Extractive Reserve was created by presidential decree on 11 August 2000. When created it had an area of about 8,117.53 hectares (20,058.9 acres) of which 2,831.24 hectares (6,996.1 acres) were land and mangroves, and 5,286.29 hectares (13,062.7 acres) were inland waters. It became part of

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