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20-457: See text Caesalpinioideae is a botanical name at the rank of subfamily , placed in the large family Fabaceae or Leguminosae . Its name is formed from the generic name Caesalpinia . It is known also as the peacock flower subfamily. The Caesalpinioideae are mainly trees distributed in the moist tropics , but include such temperate species as the honeylocust ( Gleditsia triacanthos ) and Kentucky coffeetree ( Gymnocladus dioicus ). It has

40-399: A paraphyletic group is to be avoided. With this classification, the genus Prunus is considered to include Armeniaca , Cerasus , Amygdalus , Padus , Laurocerasus , Pygeum , and Maddenia . Robert Frost alluded to the merging of Amygdalaceae into Rosaceae in his poem The Rose Family , when he wrote "The rose is a rose and was always a rose / But the theory now goes that the apple's

60-455: A cultivar name, is often used when the parentage of a particular hybrid cultivar is not relevant in the context, or is uncertain. (specific to botany) (more general) Amygdaloideae Amygdaloideae is a subfamily within the flowering plant family Rosaceae . It was formerly considered by some authors to be separate from Rosaceae, and the family names Prunaceae and Amygdalaceae have been used. Reanalysis from 2007 has shown that

80-408: A rose, / and the pear is, and so's the plum, I suppose ." In the next line he wrote, "The dear [i.e., "the dear Lord", euphemized] only knows what will next prove a rose." This referred to shifting botanical opinion which had recently reunited Amygdalaceae, Spiraeaceae, and Malaceae into Rosaceae (which matches de Jussieu's 1789 classification). A recent classification places the following genera in

100-542: Is "subg.", an abbreviation for subgenus ). The connecting term is not part of the name itself. A taxon may be indicated by a listing in more than three parts: " Saxifraga aizoon var. aizoon subvar. brevifolia f. multicaulis subf. surculosa Engl. & Irmsch." but this is a classification, not a formal botanical name. The botanical name is Saxifraga aizoon subf. surculosa Engl. & Irmsch. ( ICN Art 24: Ex 1). Generic, specific, and infraspecific botanical names are usually printed in italics . The example set by

120-502: Is in keeping with two of the three other kinds of scientific name : zoological and bacterial ( viral names above genus are italicized, a new policy adopted in the early 1990s). For botanical nomenclature, the ICN prescribes a two-part name or binary name for any taxon below the rank of genus down to, and including, the rank of species. Taxa below the rank of species get a three part ( infraspecific name ). A binary name consists of

140-452: Is sometimes used, but is incorrect. The 1835 publication of that name by Gilbert Thomas Burnett (Burnett) is invalid because it lacks a description (or diagnosis or reference to an earlier description or diagnosis). Paul Fedorowitsch Horaninow (Horan.) published the name in 1847, but Amygdaloideae, published in 1832 by George Arnott Walker-Arnott , has priority and is therefore the correct name. The taxonomy of this group of plants within

160-400: The ICN is to italicize all botanical names, including those above genus, though the ICN preface states: "The Code sets no binding standard in this respect, as typography is a matter of editorial style and tradition not of nomenclature". Most peer-reviewed scientific botanical publications do not italicize names above the rank of genus, and non-botanical scientific publications do not, which

180-467: The mimosoid clade nested within) Botanical name The purpose of a formal name is to have a single name that is accepted and used worldwide for a particular plant or plant group. For example, the botanical name Bellis perennis denotes a plant species which is native to most of the countries of Europe and the Middle East , where it has accumulated various names in many languages. Later,

200-623: The Amygdaloideae includes such commercially important crops as plum , cherry , apricot , peach , and almond . The fruit of these plants are known as stone fruit ( drupes ), as each fruit contains a hard shell (the endocarp ) called a stone or pit , which contains the single seed. The expanded definition of the Amygdaloideae adds to these commercially important crops such as apples and pears that have pome fruit, and also important ornamental plants such as Spiraea and Aruncus that have hard dry fruits. The name Prunoideae

220-509: The Rosaceae has recently been unclear. In 2001 it was reported that Amygdaloideae sensu stricto consists of two distinct genetic groups or " clades ", Prunus – Maddenia and Exochorda – Oemleria – Prinsepia . Further refinement shows that Exochorda – Oemleria – Prinsepia is somewhat separate from Prunus – Maddenia – Pygeum , and that the traditional subfamilies Maloideae and Spiraeoideae must be included in Amygdaloideae if

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240-504: The following clade-based definition: The most inclusive crown clade containing Arcoa gonavensis Urb. and Mimosa pudica L. , but not Bobgunnia fistuloides (Harms) J. H. Kirkbr. & Wiersema , Duparquetia orchidacea Baill. , or Poeppigia procera C.Presl In some classifications, for example the Cronquist system , the group is recognized at the rank of family, Caesalpiniaceae. Caesalpinioideae, as it

260-430: The name of a genus and an epithet. In the case of cultivated plants, there is an additional epithet which is an often non-Latin part, not written in italics. For cultivars, it is always given in single quotation marks. The cultivar, Group, or grex epithet may follow either the botanical name of the species, or the name of the genus only, or the unambiguous common name of the genus or species. The generic name, followed by

280-422: The plant was introduced worldwide, bringing it into contact with more languages. English names for this plant species include: daisy, English daisy, and lawn daisy. The cultivar Bellis perennis 'Aucubifolia' is a golden-variegated horticultural selection of this species. The botanical name itself is fixed by a type , which is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which

300-470: The previous definition of subfamily Spiraeoideae was paraphyletic . To solve this problem, a larger subfamily was defined that includes the former Amygdaloideae, Spiraeoideae , and Maloideae . This subfamily, however, is to be called Amygdaloideae rather than Spiraeoideae under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants as updated in 2011. As traditionally defined,

320-410: The rank of genus) or three parts (below the rank of species). The names of cultivated plants are not necessarily similar to the botanical names, since they may instead involve "unambiguous common names" of species or genera. Cultivated plant names may also have an extra component, bringing a maximum of four parts: A botanical name in three parts, i.e., an infraspecific name (a name for a taxon below

340-526: The rank of species) needs a "connecting term" to indicate rank. In the Calystegia example above, this is "subsp.", an abbreviation for subspecies . In botany there are many ranks below that of species (in zoology there is only one such rank, subspecies, so that this "connecting term" is not used in zoology). A name of a "subdivision of a genus" also needs a connecting term (in the Acacia example above, this

360-502: The scientific name is formally attached. In other words, a type is an example that serves to anchor or centralize the defining features of that particular taxon. The usefulness of botanical names is limited by the fact that taxonomic groups are not fixed in size; a taxon may have a varying circumscription , depending on the taxonomic system , thus, the group that a particular botanical name refers to can be quite small according to some people and quite big according to others. For example,

380-550: The traditional view of the family Malvaceae has been expanded in some modern approaches to include what were formerly considered to be several closely related families. Some botanical names refer to groups that are very stable (for example Equisetaceae , Magnoliaceae ) while for other names a careful check is needed to see which circumscription is being used (for example Fabaceae , Amygdaloideae , Taraxacum officinale ). Depending on rank , botanical names may be in one part ( genus and above), two parts (various situations below

400-669: Was traditionally circumscribed , was paraphyletic . Several molecular phylogenies in the early 2000s showed that the other two subfamilies of Fabaceae ( Faboideae and Mimosoideae ) were both nested within Caesalpinioideae. Consequently, the subfamilies of Fabaceae were reorganized to make them monophyletic. Caesalpinioideae, as currently defined, contains the following subclades: Faboideae ( outgroup ) Umtiza clade Cassieae clade Pterogyne Caesalpinieae clade Dimorphandra group A Tachigali clade Peltophorum clade Dimorphandra group B (with

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