The Calingasta River is a river of Argentina .
35-520: This article about a place in San Juan Province , Argentina is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Argentina is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . San Juan Province, Argentina San Juan Province ( Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ ˈxwan] ) is a province of Argentina , located in the western part of
70-459: A connection with the province of La Rioja, the entire northern Fertile Valley, Jáchal and Church, and with Chile, which will be a vital part of the strategic corridor Pacific-Atlantic . This project for the construction of a communication path connecting the Pacific ports of ( Coquimbo , Chile) and Atlantic ( Porto Alegre , Brazil) by Paso de Agua Negra , has been under development for more than
105-536: A decade. Its importance lies in the necessity of the Southern Cone countries to put their export production into the global market at lower costs. Long-distance transportation exists and allows weekly trips to almost all the other provinces and cities in the country. The main hub is the modern bus terminal of the city of San Juan. There are another important transportation centers in San José de Jáchal and in
140-568: A faculty of the National University of Cuyo . The National University of San Juan includes the following faculties: These provide a wide array of titles, including tecnicaturas (intermediate), licenciaturas ( Bachelor's degrees ), professorships, and post-graduate courses . Research activity is conducted through the postgraduate departments of each faculty. Moreover, The University has 14 Research Institutes in which primary research activities are conducted. The origin of UNSJ
175-607: A good transportation network, as most of the routes that connect with the rest of the country are in very good maintenance condition. The more important routes are the RN40 , which crosses from north to south and joins the provinces of Mendoza and La Rioja, the RN20 , which links San Juan with the city of Buenos Aires and Cordoba, the RN150 , which allows a connection to the country of Chile . There are important projects under way that will allow
210-423: A moderate, yet highly destructive earthquake near the capital destroyed most of the city and killed 10,000 people. A fundraiser was organized to raise money for the victims of the quake where Colonel Juan Perón met his eventual wife and political companion Eva Duarte . A more powerful earthquake stuck the same city in 1977; however new construction codes put in effect following the 1944 incident kept damage to
245-466: A number of exiled intellectuals back into San Juan. Among these, was a San Juan military officer and novelist named Domingo Sarmiento . Sarmiento was eventually elected governor in 1862, pursuing sorely needed public investments and enacting Argentina's first law mandating compulsory education (at that time about 80% of the adult population lacked any form of education). Once elected President of Argentina in 1868, those policies became national law. In 1944
280-588: A number of projects for the construction of mass transit systems. Universidad Nacional de San Juan The National University of San Juan (in Castilian, Universidad Nacional de San Juan , UNSJ) is a public university in Argentina . Its seat is located in the city of San Juan , capital of the province of the same name , in the Cuyo region. It was founded in 1973, based on several local institutions and
315-501: A relative minimum. The most noteworthy loss following this event was the destruction of the Cathedral of San Juan ( image, at top ). A new, modernist house of worship was quickly put up in its place and inaugurated in 1979. Among the most rapidly growing provinces in Argentina after 1945, the national government began the construction of the National University of San Juan , which opened its doors in 1973. Congress further responded to
350-458: Is also an important center of mining and oil production. Before the arrival of Spanish conquistadores , different tribes like Huarpes , Diaguitas , Capazanes, Olongastas and Yacampis, highly influenced by the Inca empire , inhabited the area. The city of San Juan de la Frontera was founded by Juan Jufré y Montesa in 1562 and relocated 2 kilometres south in 1593 due to the frequent flooding of
385-487: Is becoming an important source of revenue for the province. San Juan's is a somewhat underdeveloped, yet diversified, economy. Its output was estimated in 2006 at US$ 3.613 billion, or US$ 5,827 per capita (a third less than the national average). Agriculture has, traditionally, played a small, though significant role in San Juan's economy. The province produces crops not widely grown in other regions of Argentina. San Juan
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#1732775743515420-529: Is one of the most important economic activities, highlighting wine production and olive oil. Additionally, a variety of fruits and vegetables are produced in the fertile valleys irrigated by artificial channels in the western part, close to the Andes mountain range. This is the second province in volume of wine production at the national level and in South America, and possesses outstanding varietal wines. It
455-659: Is part of the continental semi-desert Cuyo region. The arid plains start on the east, with a few low hills in the middle and swiftly turn into 6,000-meter-high mountain peaks towards the west. Both areas are subject to the dry hot Zonda (a kind of foehn wind ). Most of the precipitations take place during the summer, often as electrical storms. The hot wind has modeled the clay-rich red soil into Pampa del Leoncito ( Reserva Natural Estricta El Leoncito ) and Valle de la Luna ( Parque Provincial Ischigualasto ) 200-million-year-old geological formations. The Jáchal and San Juan rivers, both part of Desaguadero River system, are
490-648: Is the Argentine Federal Police but the additional work is carried out by the San Juan Provincial Police . The province is divided into 19 departments (Spanish: departamentos ). They are formally considered to be a single municipality , and usually contain one or more population centers (i.e. towns and cities). San Juan, known as The Land of the Sun , offers mountains, valleys and turbulent rivers of melting glacier water from
525-454: Is the second-largest producer of Argentine Wine , after neighboring Mendoza Province . The winemaking industry reached San Juan between the years 1569 and 1589 carried by the Spanish conquistadors. Blessed by the optimal weather conditions and soil, the wine-making largely expanded and accelerated development in the province. Since the beginning, the inhabitants of the region understood that
560-507: The Andes , one of military history's great tactical decisions. San Juan, then a small town, was a great supporter of the expedition supplying gold, men and mules. In 1820, San Juan was granted autonomy from the Province of Cuyo, thereby becoming an autonomous province. The remainder of Cuyo region became Mendoza Province . Following an era of international isolation for Argentina, the advent of new, more liberal government in 1853 attracted
595-506: The Andes . This features create a unique landscape that is beginning to be intensively exploited by tourism. Tourism infrastructure has been also improved recently with the installation of a considerable number of hotels and other accommodation. Heavily developed areas are the northwest, in the town of Rodeo , where posts and countryside hotels have been installed. In the west, the towns of Calingasta Barreal and Tamberías , many projects are being develop to foster adventure tourism by with
630-477: The Colangüil Batholith and a large sedimentary basin known as Iglesia Basin . Within this basin there are hot springs . Ethno-racial groups in San Juan (2022 census) San Juan concentrates most of its population in the oases or central valleys, Tulum Valley , Zonda , Ullum and Jáchal , containing nearly 80% of this population. The remaining is located in the oasis located at the foot of
665-485: The Easter Lama , with the particularity that it is shared with neighboring Chile. The more widespread mining products are gold, lead, graphite and clay . Large-scale efforts began, in 2006, in the search for petroleum in the department of Jáchal. Energy production is mainly hydroelectric, produced by a few dams such as Quebrada de Ullum , La Roza , San Emiliano and El Pinar Station, which also help to regulate
700-641: The San Juan River . In 1776, San Juan was annexed to the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , becoming one of the cities of the Province of Cuyo . In the same year, the first recorded earthquake caused massive damage to the city. The father of Argentine independence, Gen. Jose de San Martin , was appointed Governor of the Province of Cuyo in 1814. From there, San Martin began his legendary crossing of
735-571: The Andes in Iglesias and Calingasta . Another population concentration is in Fertile Valley . San Juan focuses its economy in agriculture, specially wine production. Additionally, preserved foods production is highly developed. Mining is a growing activity, with the extraction of various minerals financed by multinational companies. Tourism is a relatively new and flourishing activity and it
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#1732775743515770-610: The Sarmiento Normal School. These courses were split from the school, to be dictated at the newly created National Institute of the Secondary School Professorship, in 1958. During the 1960s, the society of San Juan Province strived to achieve the creation of a national university. In 1968 a programme to create new state universities did not include San Juan, but renewed demands led to a feasibility study. The National University of San Juan
805-432: The arid climate required an advanced artificial irrigation system with dams and channels. Viticulture is the main crop of the province's economy, with some 500 km (56% of the productive area), and the rest is reserved for wine production counting 90% of the crop. Other products include tomato, maize, potato, fig and peach. Since 1980, San Juan has experienced an industrial expansion that now includes, in addition to
840-552: The city of Caucete , which is currently under construction. By bus, it takes around 18 hours to get Buenos Aires . There are daily flight services to Buenos Aires from Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Airport . The public transportation system in the city of San Juan and surrounding areas includes buses that connect downtown with other cities such as Villa Krause , Rivadavia , Santa Lucia , Villa Paula Sarmiento Albarracín and Aberastain . Private taxis (called Remis ) and public taxis also exist. Rapid population growth has led to
875-427: The country. Neighbouring provinces are, moving clockwise from the north, La Rioja , San Luis and Mendoza . It borders with Chile to the west. The province has an area of 89,651 km , covering a mountainous region with scarce vegetation, fertile oases and turbulent rivers. Throughout the entire province there are an important number of paleontological sites. Similar to other regions in Argentina, agriculture
910-427: The form of annual parades carousel and various artistic performances. The winter sports industry has a prosper future in the province. A ski resort is under development, located in the mountainous area of Calingasta, western part of the province, where the largest ski tracks in South America are being constructed. This will be the northernmost ski resort in Argentina and will be known as Manantiales' San Juan has
945-399: The middle of the desert of San Juan. This is the cause for which has the nickname of 'city oasis'. The city holds several attractions such as Sarmiento's birthplace and modern Cathedral , among others. A number of joyful celebrations are held in the province, combining old and new traditions that pay homage to economic activities or natural events like Fiesta Nacional del Sol , which takes
980-500: The needs of San Juan's growing agricultural sector by breaking ground in the mid '70s for the largest hydrostructural project in the province up to that point, the Ullum Dam and Reservoir . Inaugurated in 1980, it has contributed to the province's production of irrigated desert crops, like olives, figs and, most importantly, wine grapes. In 2005, Barrick Gold Corporation , one of the world's largest gold-mining conglomerates, announced
1015-601: The practice of climbing the Mount Mercedario , which is one of the highest peaks in America. The northern zone, Jáchal , is known for its cultural tourism related to the gaucho tradition. Nevertheless, San Juan is the economic center of the province and also the most visited place. It is known for its modern architecture that differentiates it from others cities in the rest of the country, with wide tree-lined streets as well as hardwood parks, plazas and walkways, in
1050-605: The purchase of large tracts in the San Juan Andes where a gold mine was started. These have, so far, been yielding over 11,000 ounces of gold yearly, though evidence suggests these activities may be having an adverse impact on San Juan's glaciers. In 2007, the same company installed the world's highest-situated wind turbine at the Veladero mine in San Juan Province at nearly 4,200m elevation. The province
1085-525: The source of fertile valleys and centre of the province's economy. The San Juan River finishes in the Huanacache lagoons (sometimes called Guanacache ), on the southeast. The Andes of San Juan Province belong to the Dry Andes climatic province. Permafrost is widespread above 3000 masl in the Andes and rock glaciers are common. The northern part of the province contain both intrusive rocks of
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1120-786: The water level for irrigation of the arid lands. Electricity is also produced, in a lesser proportion, by thermal power stations . San Juan has recently started to have a flourishing tourism industry. Remarkable places are the city of San Juan, the Ischigualasto Provincial Park , the Ullum Dam , San Guillermo National Park , the Pismanta hot springs, the Mercedario Mount and the pagan Difunta Correa shrine. These sites are specially suitable for ecotourism or adventure tourism. Furthermore, an increase in agrotourism has started recently, particularly, around
1155-482: The wine industry, creating the so-called "Wine Routes." The provincial government is divided into three branches: the executive, headed by a popularly elected governor, who appoints the cabinet; the legislative ; and the judiciary , headed by the Supreme Court. The Constitution of San Juan Province, Argentina forms the formal law of the province. In Argentina, the most important law enforcement organization
1190-491: The wineries, food processing plants, chemical, plastics, iron, auto parts and textiles factories. Manufacturing now accounts for nearly 20% of San Juan's production output. In the year 2000, the province came into mineral development with the Veladero Project of Barrick Gold , which, on the first year of mining alone, yielded more than 11,000 ounces of gold. These efforts were intensified with more projects including
1225-670: Was a Preparatory College founded in 1839 by then-governor (then president of Argentina) Domingo Faustino Sarmiento . The faculty of Mineralogy of this college gave rise to the technical School of Mines, which in turn fathered other teaching institutions. In 1939 the National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo) was founded with its seat in Mendoza , and San Juan Province was included in its area of influence; UNCuyo's Faculty of Engineering started functioning in San Juan in 1947. Also in that year, courses to form professors in Sciences and Letters began at
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