73-651: Camp Fire , formerly Camp Fire USA and originally Camp Fire Girls of America , is a co-ed youth development organization. Camp Fire was the first nonsectarian, multicultural organization for girls in America. It is now gender-inclusive, and its programs emphasize camping and other outdoor activities. Its informal roots extend back to 1910, with efforts by Mrs. Charles Farnsworth in Thetford, Vermont and Luther Gulick , M.D., and his wife, Charlotte Vedder Gulick, on Sebago Lake , near South Casco, Maine. Camp Fire Girls, as it
146-405: A $ 15 billion aggregate limit on the amount of government bonds issued, allowing $ 3 billion more offered at 25 years at 4% interest, redeemable after 10 years. The amount of the loan totaled $ 3.8 billion with 9.4 million people purchasing bonds. The response to the first Liberty Bond was unenthusiastic and although the $ 2 billion issue reportedly sold out, it probably had to be done below par because
219-460: A Native American name. Originally, the Camp Fire ceremonial gown was based on Native American women's gowns, and was made optional in 1946. Today, a member may choose any style of ceremonial attire, particularly if it honors their ethnic background, such as tunics, kimonos, and Scandinavian skirts/aprons. The ceremonial attire is decorated with honor beads, earned emblems, and other personal items
292-447: A large part of the Camp Fire curriculum. In 2008–2009, Camp Fire councils engaged a total of 2,864 older youth in service learning projects, totaling over 108,852 hours of work with 116 community partners. Working with Learn and Serve America , 27 Camp Fire councils were able to get 1,731 teens to help over 70,300 youth and family members from low-income housing understand emergency preparedness. The Gift of Giving program, for grades K–8,
365-643: A national agency on March 17, 1912. In late 1912, Juliette Gordon Low proposed that the Camp Fire Girls merge with her group, Girl Guides of America, but was rejected in January 1913 as the Camp Fire Girls were then the larger group. By December 1913, Camp Fire Girls' membership was an estimated 60,000, many of whom began attending affiliated summer camps. The Bluebird program was introduced that year for younger girls, offering an exploration of ideas and creative play built around family and community. In 1989,
438-573: A national organization for girls. Gulick introduced the idea to friends, among them G. Stanley Hall , Ernest Thompson Seton , and James West , executive secretary of the Boy Scouts. After many discussions and help from Gulick and his wife Charlotte, Langdon named the group of Thetford girls the Camp Fire Girls. In 1907, the Gulicks had established Camp WoHeLo, a camp for girls, on Lake Sebago, near South Casco, Maine . There were seventeen girls at
511-618: A stamp designed by H. Edward Oliver was issued featuring the Camp Fire Girls insignia. A new program, Junior Hi, where twelve- and thirteen-year-old girls explored new interests as a group and as individuals, was created in 1962. This program name changed later to Discovery. That same year, the WoHeLo medallion became Camp Fire's highest achievement and honor. In 1969, Camp Fire Girls were allowed to be "Participants" in BSA 's Explorer Posts (for boys 14 and older). This arrangement ended in 1971, when
584-646: A way to excite and educate children in Pre-K, the Little Stars program, first developed by Camp Fire Green Country, was introduced nationally in 2005. Designated for ages 3–5, Little Stars aims to builds confidence and a sense of belonging in children. In 2012, Camp Fire underwent a re-branding, changing the traditional flame logo changed to a more contemporary "Spark Mark." Camp Fire has nationally developed youth development programs that are delivered through local and statewide councils and community partners across
657-530: A week for an hour, learning to work and play together through service projects. Camp Fire has numerous youth-development programs that are delivered through local and statewide councils and community partners. The program levels are: Official national recognition items are one of Camp Fire's defining features, aimed to help children and adults build self-esteem and have pride in their accomplishments. For their participation, growth and achievements, youth receive items such as beads, emblems, pins, and certificates. At
730-407: Is $ 97,359, while the median household income sits at $ 72,292 per year. Residents aged 25 to 44 earn $ 75,833, while those between 45 and 64 years old have a median wage of $ 76,964. In contrast, people younger than 25 and those older than 65 earn less, at $ 75,250 and $ 61,451, respectively. (per https://www.point2homes.com/US/Neighborhood/VT/Thetford-Demographics.html ). About 4.0% of families and 5.7% of
803-614: Is a town in Orange County , Vermont , United States in the Connecticut River Valley . The population was 2,775 at the 2020 census . Villages within the town include East Thetford, North Thetford, Thetford Hill, Thetford Center, Rices Mills, Union Village , and Post Mills. The town office is in Thetford Center. Thetford is home to Thetford Academy , Vermont's oldest secondary school. Girl Scouts of
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#1732780639086876-715: Is an independent and alternative elementary school that serves children from kindergarten through 6th grade. The Post Mills Church and the Vermontasaurus are cultural attractions in Post Mills. Liberty Bonds A liberty bond or liberty loan was a war bond that was sold in the United States to support the Allied cause in World War I . Subscribing to the bonds became a symbol of patriotic duty in
949-631: Is approved by the American Camping Association . Community Family Club is a program designed by Camp Fire to provide developmental programs for the whole family. The goal is to include at least one adult family member or a supporting adult from the community with every child who attends. Siblings of all ages, infants through teens, are included. Community Family Clubs also provide opportunities to create strong partnerships with corporations, schools, faith-based communities, child care settings and other community organizations to advance
1022-625: Is the nation's only organized and measurable introduction to service-learning. To date, over 100,000 children have participated in this program. The Teens in Action program is built on Camp Fire's tradition of recognizing youth as part of the solution to today's social challenges. Working together with young people, Teens in Action strives to improve the communities where youth live, to challenge them to learn new skills and provide leadership in areas never thought possible. Programs of this nature aim to inspire and honor community responsibility, contribute to
1095-473: Is to let the youth decide on their activities, allowing them to feel a sense of ownership with their camp schedule and helping them to become more proactive. It is Camp Fire's belief that any program activity that the group does together is not as important or lasting as the effects of being with a group of peers and a supportive adult in an environment where they are able to share their feelings and learn from experience. "The organization shall endeavor to aid in
1168-707: The Camp Fire Girls series, which portrayed many of Camp Fire's activities, rituals, and ceremonies, including their summer camps. In the 1980s, Camp Fire was featured in the Carolyn Keene and Franklin Dixon 's Nancy Drew and the Hardy Boys Camp Fire Stories . Laura Lee Hope also featured Camp Fire in a Bobbsey Twins . In 1991, Archie Comics published a special Archie comic in celebration of Camp Fire's 75th anniversary with
1241-754: The United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 44.2 square miles (114.4 km ), of which 43.6 square miles (112.8 km ) is land and 0.6 square mile (1.6 km ) (1.36%) is water. It is bordered on the east by the Connecticut River , and the Ompompanoosuc River flows through the town. [REDACTED] Interstate Highway 91 traverses it. The town has six active, unincorporated villages: Thetford Hill, Thetford Center, East Thetford, North Thetford, Rice Mills, and Post Mills. As of
1314-489: The census of 2000, there were 2,617 people, 1,032 households and 730 families residing in the town. The population density was 60.1 people per square mile (23.2/km ). There were 1,193 housing units at an average density of 27.4 per square mile (10.6/km ). The racial makeup of the town was 97.44% White , 0.46% African American , 0.23% Native American , 0.57% Asian , 0.19% from other races , and 1.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.46% of
1387-483: The Army was later followed by numerous entrepreneurial flyers known as Barnstormers , who purchased war surplus Jenny airplanes and flew across the country selling airplane rides. Vast amounts of promotional materials were manufactured. For example, for the third Liberty Loan nine million posters, five million window stickers and 10 million buttons were produced and distributed. The campaign spurred community efforts across
1460-688: The BSA made Explorers a co-ed program. By 1974, Camp Fire's membership was at 274,000 in 1,300 communities of the United States. Camp Fire Girls expanded its horizons in 1975, welcoming boys to participate in all Camp Fire activities. While boys were invited to Camp Fire Girls Horizon Conferences in the late 1960s and early 1970s, official membership was not offered to them until 1975, when the organization became co-ed. Camp Fire decided that boys and girls should be together in one organization, so that they learn to play and work alongside each other and appreciate their similarities and differences in positive ways. In 1975,
1533-580: The Bluebirds became Starflight. The first official Camp Fire Girls handbook was published in 1913. During World War I, Camp Fire Girls helped to sell over one million dollars in Liberty Bonds and over $ 900,000 in Thrift Stamps ; 55,000 girls helped to support French and Belgian orphans, and an estimated 68,000 girls earned honors by conserving food. The first local Camp Fire Girls council
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#17327806390861606-663: The Camp Fire Girls of America changed its membership policy to being co-ed and its name to Camp Fire Boys and Girls. In 1977, Camp Fire's head office moved to its current location in Kansas City from New York. Teens in Action was introduced in 1988 as a one-time social issue campaign to energize the older teen program. The first Absolutely Incredible Kid Day , a call to action for all adults to communicate their love and commitment to children through letters, took place in 1997. In 2003, to further its commitment to inclusiveness, Camp Fire USA began translating its curricula to Spanish. As
1679-518: The Court ruled that the bond-holders' loss was unquantifiable, and that to repay them in dollars according to the 1918 standard of value would be an "unjustified enrichment". The ruling therefore had little practical effect. According to a 2020 study, "counties with higher liberty bond ownership rates turned against the Democratic Party in the presidential elections of 1920 and 1924. This was
1752-483: The Department to Victory Liberty Loan campaign volunteers in appreciation of their service in the drive. Despite all these measures, recent research has shown that patriotic motives played only a minor role in investors' decisions to buy these bonds. Through the selling of "Liberty bonds," the government raised around $ 17 billion for the war effort. Considering that there were approximately 100 million Americans at
1825-658: The Green and White Mountains , formerly Swift Water Girl Scout Council, also has a summer residential camp here called Camp Farnsworth. Camp Farnsworth originally started under private ownership by Chelebe and Madama Farnsworth in 1909 when it was called Camp Hanoum. The town was created on August 12, 1761, by way of a royal charter which King George III of Great Britain issued to Governor Benning Wentworth of New Hampshire . Wentworth named it for Augustus Henry Fitzroy, 3rd Duke of Grafton , 4th Earl of Arlington and 4th Viscount Thetford , who in 1768 became prime minister . It
1898-501: The Liberty Bond campaign. The plan for selling bonds was for the pilots to crisscross the country in their Curtiss JN-4 "Jenny" training aircraft in flights of 3 to 5 aircraft. When they arrived over a town, they would perform aerobatic stunts, and put on mock dog fights for the populace. After performing their air show, they would land on a road, a golf course, or a pasture nearby. By the time they shut down their engines, most of
1971-754: The Riverdale gang working as counselors there. British writers have also used Camp Fire and their rituals in British children's fiction—author Elsie J. Oxenham often mentioned Camp Fire in her Abbey Series . In 1915, Angela Brazil incorporated the Camp Fire League into one of her fictional girls' boarding schools, For the Sake of the School . National Board of Trustees: Senior Leadership: Camp Fire Alumni: Thetford, Vermont Thetford
2044-595: The United States and introduced the idea of financial securities to many citizens for the first time. There were four issues of Liberty Bonds: Interest on up to $ 30,000 in the bonds was tax exempt only for the First Liberty Bond. The Emergency Loan Act established a $ 5 billion aggregate limit on the amount of government bonds issued at 30 years at 3.5% interest, redeemable by the government after 15 years. It raised $ 2 billion with 5.5 million people purchasing bonds. The 2nd Liberty Loan Act established
2117-478: The WoHeLo Award is a medallion named for Camp Fire's watchword "WoHeLo". WoHeLo is derived from the words work , health , and love . Each year, approximately 200 Camp Fire youth throughout the nation receive the WoHeLo Award. A member may apply for the award after completing four major long-term projects called Reflections, and three self-selected projects, called Advocacies, dealing with an area of concern of
2190-424: The ability to find a community support group for raising their families, and also provides positive family interaction base on structured, educational and fun experiences and activities. Started in 1997, Absolutely Incredible Kid Day (AIKD) is a national annual campaign in which adults write letters of love and support to the young people in their lives. This event is held the third Thursday of March, to correspond to
2263-463: The average family size was 3.00. In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.9% under the age of 18, 5.5% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males. The average annual household income in Thetford
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2336-515: The bond in gold, and neither did it account for the devaluation of the dollar from $ 20.67 per troy ounce of gold (the 1918 standard of value) to $ 35 per ounce. The 21 million bond holders therefore lost 139 million troy ounces of gold, or approximately 41% of the bond's principal. The legal basis for the refusal of the US Treasury to redeem in gold was the gold clause resolution (Pub. Res. 73–10), dated June 5, 1933. The Supreme Court later held
2409-580: The bonds. The government used a division of the Committee on Public Information called the Four Minute Men to help sell Liberty Bonds and Thrift Stamps. Famous artists helped to make posters and movie and stage stars hosted bond rallies. Harry Lauder, Al Jolson, Elsie Janis , Mary Pickford , Theda Bara , Ethel Barrymore , Marie Dressler , Lillian Gish , Fatty Arbuckle , Mabel Normand , Douglas Fairbanks , and Charlie Chaplin were among
2482-670: The camp in the summer of 1910. Both the Vermont group and the Maine group would lead to the creation of the organization formally called Camp Fire Girls in 1912. On March 22, 1911, Dr. Gulick organized a meeting "to consider ways and means of doing for the girls what the Boy Scout movement is designed to do for the boys." On April 10, 1911 James E. West issued a press release from the Boy Scouts of America headquarters announcing that with
2555-539: The celebrities that made public appearances promoting the idea that purchasing a liberty bond was "the patriotic thing to do" during the era. Chaplin also made a short film, The Bond , at his own expense for the drive. The Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts sold the bonds, using the slogan "Every Scout to Save a Soldier". Beyond these effective efforts, in 1917 the Aviation Section of the U.S. Army Signal Corps established an elite group of Army pilots assigned to
2628-513: The community's 150th anniversary, which would be celebrated the following summer. The pageant's organizer, William Chauncey Langdon, promised the girls that they too would have an organized role in the pageant, although no organization similar to the Boy Scouts existed for girls at the time. Langdon consulted with Mrs. Charles Farnsworth [Charlotte Joy (Allen) Farnsworth, known as "Madama" ], preceptress of Horace Mann School near Thetford, Vermont. Both approached Luther Halsey Gulick M.D. about creating
2701-611: The country and resulted in glowing, patriotically-tinged reports on the "success" of the bonds. For the fifth and final loan drive (the Victory Loan) in 1919 the Treasury Department produced steel medallions made from melted down German cannon that had been captured by American troops at Château-Thierry in NW France. The inch-and-a-quarter wide medallions suspended from a red, white, and blue ribbon were awarded by
2774-491: The country. The third requirement for a Camp Fire WoHeLo Award is to "know Camp Fire". Youth are required to read the History of Camp Fire, tour the office of their council, or follow another approved method of understanding the services Camp Fire provides. In 2004, the WoHeLo Award was expanded to Teens in Action members, allowing all high-school-aged Camp Fire members to work toward the award. Service Learning has always been
2847-416: The early levels, Camp Fire leaders help youth choose activities and guide them in earning the recognition items. As teens, members select their own activities and develop their own action plans for earning recognition items. For adults, recognition items signify outstanding achievement or the number of years they have been adult Camp Fire USA members. Adults in programming or board positions are recognized on
2920-480: The following terms: The terms of the bond included: "The principal and interest hereof are payable in United States gold coin of the present standard of value." This type of " gold clause " was common in both public and private contracts of the time, and was intended to guarantee that bond-holders would not be harmed by a devaluation of the currency. However, when the US Treasury called the fourth bond on April 15, 1934, it defaulted on this term by refusing to redeem
2993-536: The formation of habits making for health and vigor, the out-of-door habit, and the out-of-door spirit." Luther Gulick The Counselor in Training (CIT) program is available to all youth over 16 years of age who have an interest in becoming a counselor. The CIT program provides youth with leadership skills, self-confidence, decision-making skills and camping basics. Camp Fire's CIT program and manual are frequently used by not only Camp Fire but also other organizations, and
Camp Fire (organization) - Misplaced Pages Continue
3066-452: The founding date of Camp Fire. In previous years, Absolutely Incredible Kid Day developed a following, including athletes, entertainers, and celebrities who have championed the cause by writing letters to America's youth, including former presidents Bill Clinton George W. Bush , Oprah Winfrey , Pro Football Hall of Fame Inductee Jerry Rice , and astronaut and former Senator John Glenn . On social media, Absolutely Incredible Kid Day uses
3139-487: The fourth Liberty Bond, with six billion dollars, had a call date for 1932 as well. The first three Liberty bonds, and the Victory Loan, were retired during the course of the 1920s. However, because the terms of the bonds allowed them to be traded for the later bonds which had superior terms, most of the debt from the first, second, and third Liberty bonds was rolled into the fourth issue. The fourth Liberty Bond had
3212-403: The future of American volunteerism, and encourage a sense of caring for others. The principles of Teens in Action are based on youth–adult partnerships and learning through empowering experiences. Its intent is to build strong ties between teens and their families, schools and communities, and to put a spotlight on issues of concern to youth. This program is based on the idea that young people are
3285-559: The gold clause resolution to be unconstitutional under section 4 of the Fourteenth Amendment : We conclude that the Joint Resolution of June 5, 1933, insofar as it attempted to override the obligation created by the bond in suit, went beyond the congressional power. However, due to President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's elimination of the open gold market with the signing of Executive Order 6102 on April 5, 1933,
3358-456: The government after three. Exempt from all income taxes, they were called at the time "the last of the series of five Liberty Loans." However they were also called the "Victory Liberty Loan," and appear this way on posters of the period. The first three bonds and the Victory Loan were partially retired during the course of the 1920s, but the majority of these bonds were simply re-financed through other government securities. The Victory Loan, which
3431-406: The hashtags #KidDay and #AIKD. Many names have been used within Camp Fire to identify different age groups. For many years, Camp Fire's youngest elementary school members were known as Bluebirds. In 1983, a club program for kindergarteners was introduced, called Sparks. In 1989, these two age groups were combined, and a new program level for kindergarten, first, and second graders called Starflight
3504-554: The higher interest rate of 4% and with more favorable tax terms. When the new issue arrived it also sold below par, although the Times noted that "no Government bonds can sell at par except temporarily and by accident." The subsequent 4.25% bond priced as low as 94 cents upon arrival. Secretary of the Treasury William Gibbs McAdoo reacted to the sales problems by creating an aggressive campaign to popularize
3577-714: The idea to start the Camp Fire Organization. Camp Fire is the largest coeducational nonsectarian camp provider, operating more than 110 environmental and camp programs throughout the United States, and annually serving more than 34,000 school-age youth. Its outdoor experiences help children work in groups, make friends and build self-esteem, while learning about ecology, conservation and the interrelationships of all living things. The Camp Fire camping and environmental education experience teaches youth to work in teams and make friends, while building self-esteem and good decision making skills. A common Camp Fire approach
3650-440: The key to the future and are making a difference in the world. Hold on to Health is a Camp Fire program that helps to teach children to make healthy decisions regarding exercise and eating. It also encourages children to get their families and other youth involved in becoming healthy. Since Camp Fire's inception, it has been about getting girls out in the wilderness to learn. The Gulick family had formed Camp WoHeLo before they had
3723-475: The local level for their important roles in Camp Fire. Youth are able to earn beads while completing projects on the “Camp Fire Trails" as well as emblems. Previously, once the participants earned ten of one type of bead, they were awarded a larger one of the same type to represent the ten smaller ones. By 2006, there was one bead for each of the Camp Fire Trails. Bead colors Established in 1962,
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#17327806390863796-478: The member chooses. Sometimes the youth's symbolgram, a symbol created by the youth to represent themself, is used on the ceremonial attire. Throughout the years, Camp Fire has appeared in many novels written for youth. Irene Ellion Benson wrote one of the first books to incorporate Camp Fire, called How Ethel Hollister Became a Campfire Girl , published in 1912. Benson published six more books about Camp Fire between 1912 and 1918. In 1913, Margaret Vandercook started
3869-572: The merger failed. Grace Seton quit the group over the rejection of her committee's draft of a handbook, followed by Linda Beard in September 1911 over differences with the Gulicks. However, there was an organization meeting held by Lina Beard on February 7, 1912 in Flushing, New York of a Girl Pioneers of America organization. Camp Fire Girls of America was incorporated in Washington, D.C, as
3942-478: The most "Honor Beads" on the way around the board (not necessarily the person who ended the game). Camp Fire Girls celebrated its 50th anniversary in 1960 with the "She Cares ... Do You?" program. During the project, Camp Fire Girls planted more than two million trees, built 13,000 birdhouses, and completed several other conservation-oriented tasks. To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Camp Fire Girls, in connection with their Golden Jubilee Convention celebration,
4015-401: The nation. Programs are specific to community needs and some may not be available in all communities. The five outcome-based program areas include: Small-Group Clubs and Mentoring Opportunities; Leadership Development; Camping and Environmental Education; Child Care; and Self-Reliance and Service–Learning Classes. In Small-Group Clubs and Mentoring Opportunities, boys and girls usually meet once
4088-415: The needs of children, youth, and families across the country. Families come together once a month to share a meal and participate in a recognition ceremony designed to recognize both individual and group accomplishments. The club then breaks into age-level groups for an activity session led by a team of parents who volunteer for the short-term assignment for that month. This program offers parents and guardians
4161-584: The notes traded consistently below par. One reaction to this was to attack bond traders as "unpatriotic" if they sold below par. The Board of Governors of the New York Stock Exchange conducted an investigation of brokerage firms who sold below par to determine if "pro-German influences" were at work. The board forced one such broker to buy the bonds back at par and make a $ 100,000 donation to the Red Cross. Various explanations were offered for
4234-447: The population were below the poverty line , including 8.8% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over. Thetford Elementary School on Thetford Hill serves town resident students from Kindergarten through 6th grade. The town then sends its middle and high school students primarily to Thetford Academy , a privately owned and publicly funded secondary school, in lieu of a public high school. Open Fields School on Thetford Hill
4307-408: The population. There were 1,032 households, out of which 36.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.2% were non-families. 23.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and
4380-457: The possibility that the war debt could not be paid in full within the expected schedule was raised, and that debt rescheduling may be needed. In 1921 the Treasury Department began issuing short term notes maturing in three to five years to repay the Victory Loan. A fifth bond issue relating to World War I was released on April 21, 1919. Consisting of $ 4.5 billion of gold notes at 4.75% interest, they matured after four years but could be redeemed by
4453-570: The success of the Boy Scout movement, a group of preeminent New York men and women were organizing a group to provide outdoor activities for girls, similar to those in the Boy Scouts. In 1911, the Camp Fire Girls planned to merge with the Girl Scouts of America , formed by Clara A. Lisetor-Lane of Des Moines, Iowa , and Girl Guides of America (of Spokane, Washington ) to form the Girl Pioneers of America, but relationships fractured and
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#17327806390864526-424: The time), were called for redemption and refunded through the issuance of other government securities through the Treasury Department. Some of the principal was retired. For example, of the 3.1 billion dollars owed on the 2nd Liberty Bond, 575 million in principal was retired and the rest refinanced. At this same time, the 1st Liberty Bond still had 1.9 billion dollars outstanding in 1927 with a call date for 1932 while
4599-659: The time, each American, on average, raised $ 170 on Liberty bonds. According to the Massachusetts Historical Society, "Because the first World War cost the federal government more than $ 30 billion (by way of comparison, total federal expenditures in 1913 were only $ 970 million), these programs became vital as a way to raise funds". Peak US indebtedness was in August 1919 at a value of $ 25,596,000,000 for Liberty Bonds, Victory Notes, War Savings Certificates, and other government securities. As early as 1922
4672-418: The townspeople, attracted by their performance, would have gathered. At that point, most people had never seen an airplane, nor ridden in one. Routinely each pilot stood in the rear cockpit of his craft and told the assemblage that every person who purchased a Liberty Bond would be taken for a ride in one of the airplanes. The program raised a substantial amount of money. The methodology developed and practiced by
4745-411: The weakness of the bonds ranging from German sabotage to the rich not buying the bonds because it would give an appearance of tax dodging (the bonds were exempt from some taxes). A common consensus was that more needed to be done to sell the bonds to small investors and the common man, rather than large concerns. The poor reception of the first issue resulted in a convertible re-issue five months later at
4818-435: The youth member's choosing. The first must be to Camp Fire; the second cannot be to Camp Fire; and the third can either be in Camp Fire or outside of Camp Fire. Each of the three Advocacies must involve leading, teaching, serving, and speaking out. Many councils have removed the requirement that Advocacies must be completed to the Camp Fire program, citing that opportunities do not always exist for members enrolled in all areas of
4891-431: Was a natural outgrowth of an appreciation for differences and cultural inclusiveness. The theory was that such symbolism enabled—and even encouraged—self-reflection and personal growth. All Camp Fire members between third and sixth grade are encouraged to choose a name that best reflects their personality and aspirations. At this time they are also encouraged to choose a symbol or "symbolgram". Clubs are encouraged to choose
4964-436: Was created. The Little Stars program for pre-schoolers was added in 2005. The tradition of Bluebirds has been preserved as a Camp Fire mascot for all ages. Native American culture influenced the early years of Camp Fire, serving as the inspiration for ceremonial activities and attire, camp and council names, respect for nature and the environment, and the use of symbols by many councils. For Camp Fire, Native American symbolism
5037-561: Was first settled in 1764 by John Chamberlin, who lived at East Thetford beside the Connecticut River . He was an agent for one of 62 proprietors (51 from Hebron, Connecticut ). In 1910, the Camp Fire Girls were founded locally. This became a national organization within two years. Gove Hill Retreat, a nonprofit Christian Retreat center, was founded in 1966 in Thetford Center. The center supplied hospitality to religious, educational and other non-profit organizations. The retreat
5110-486: Was formed in 1918 in Kansas City, Missouri . Kansas City would later become the national headquarters for Camp Fire in 1977. In 1926, Parker Brothers produced a Camp Fire Girls board game. There were no turns in the game; everyone played at the same time. The game ended when someone entered the "Log Cabin Council Fire", which could only occur on an exact count. The winner of the game was the person who had collected
5183-719: Was known at the time, was created as the sister organization to the Boy Scouts of America . The organization changed its name in 1975 to Camp Fire Boys and Girls when membership eligibility was expanded to include boys. In 2001, the name Camp Fire USA was adopted, and in 2012 it became Camp Fire. Camp Fire's programs include small group experiences, after-school programs, camping, as well as environmental education, child care, and service-learning; They aim to build confidence in younger children and provide hands-on, youth-driven leadership experiences for older youth. In 1910, young girls in Thetford, Vermont watched their brothers, friends, and schoolmates—all Boy Scouts —practice their parts in
5256-495: Was sited on property originally owned by John Gove, the first farmer and name sake of Gove Hill. It was closed December 31, 2013, after the American Baptist Churches of Vermont and New Hampshire (ABCVNH) decided the yearly upkeep was not worth it. The retreat center had run a deficit for a number of years. The Pastor's larger salary were both believed to be factors in the closing of the doors. According to
5329-459: Was to mature in May 1923, was retired with money raised by short term treasury notes which matured after three to five years and issued at 90-day intervals until sufficient funds were raised in 1921. The likelihood of successfully retiring all of the war debt (within the amount of time) was noted as early as 1921. In 1927, the 2nd and 3rd, together worth five billion dollars (25% of all government debt at
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