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27-507: Cannon River may refer to: Cannon River (Minnesota) , United States, a tributary of Mississippi River Cannon River (Queensland) , Australia, a tributary of the Langlo River See also [ edit ] Little Cannon River (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with

54-762: A process where the accumulation of snow , in the zone of accumulation is greater than loss due to melting or ablation. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the Northern hemisphere began its modern ice-age. Most of what is now Canada and northern portions of the United States were covered in ice sheets or mountain driven glaciers during the last stage of the Pleistocene Epoch . In the last 400,000 years there have been roughly four major glacial events. Evidence of these separate events

81-416: A structure that appears to be a barrier for water, there are still ways for the water to flow through. Water makes its way through glacial till to form streams and channels . Another landscape feature formed by terminal moraines are kettle lakes . These are produced during glacial recession when boulders or blocks of ice are left in place as the glacier recedes from the newly deposited terminal moraine. As

108-450: Is deposited to form a new terminal moraine. The more debris that is found within the ice, the longer it will take for complete melting to occur. Climate plays an important role in the formation of terminal moraines. As temperatures increase, glaciers begin to retreat faster, causing more glacial till to be deposited in the form of terminal moraines. However, when temperatures decrease, zone of accumulation goes into overdrive. This starts

135-573: Is found not only in ice cores , but also in the glacial till that was deposited. Rocks and sediment not native to one area could be found in a region completely foreign to that from which they were formed. This is the result of a prior terminal moraine being picked up and deposited by a newer glacial event. The terminal moraines resulting from the Last Glacial Maximum are the most informational features about glacial advance still present today. During glacial retreat, meltwater flows in

162-538: The Outer Lands is a name given to the terminal moraine archipelago of the northeastern region of the United States ( Cape Cod , Martha's Vineyard , Nantucket , Block Island and Long Island ). According to geologist George Frederick Wright some of the most prominent examples of terminal moraines on Long Island are "the most remarkable in the world". Other prominent examples of terminal moraines are

189-606: The Tinley Moraine and the Valparaiso Moraine , perhaps the best examples of terminal moraines in North America. These moraines are most clearly seen southwest of Chicago. In Europe , virtually all the terrain in the central Netherlands is made up of an extended terminal moraine. In Switzerland , alpine terminal moraines can be found, one striking example being the moraine at the end of the valley of

216-506: The meltwater . Here, old vegetation is buried by the sediment, but new vegetation can still survive relatively well as long as it can acquire meltwater from the now receding glacier. Terminal moraines are one of the most prominent types of moraines in the Arctic . One notable terminal moraine is Trollgarden in Norway , once thought to be magically constructed by trolls . In North America,

243-602: The Cannon enters a broad gorge below Cannon Falls, where it is flanked by bluffs up to 300 feet (100 m) high. The Cannon River is underlaid with a variety of sedimentary rocks. The river valley was created by cutting through these rocks produced rock outcrops of St. Peter Sandstone , the Prairie du Chien Group of dolomites and sandstone, and near the river's mouth, Jordan Sandstone and the St. Lawrence and Franconia formations . Past

270-780: The Cannon is named in the Dakota language) goes back at least 12,000 years. By C.E. 1000 the Mississippian culture, a tradition heavily dependent on agriculture, was established in southern Minnesota. An important part of the yearly cycle was the hunting of buffalo west of the Mississippi and the Big Woods. The Cannon served as a primary route from the Mississippi River valley to the plains of western Minnesota where bison were common. The Dakota were forced to surrender

297-803: The Cannon, a designated Minnesota Wild and Scenic River falls 280 feet (85 m), an average of 4.8 feet/mile (1 m/km). In its upper course, the river flows through the lake region of western Rice County . The chief tributary of the Cannon River is the Straight River , which enters the Cannon in Faribault . The Straight River is an important and scenic river in its own right. It originates in southern Steele County at Oak Glen Lake near Bixby . Bounded by rolling hills, bluffs, farmland, and woods in its upper reaches, dammed by H.M. Byllesby in 1910 for hydroelectric power to create Lake Byllesby Reservoir ,

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324-654: The Falls, the river is in the Driftless Area of Minnesota, a region that remained ice free during the last ice age , allowing the river to carve a very impressive canyon. The upper region of the river is involved with terminal moraines and glacial drift and till , and is not in the Driftless Area. In the reservoirs and slow stretches above Faribault the most common game fish are northern pike, black crappies, bluegills, and bullheads. Downstream from Faribault

351-702: The Science Center at the Maltby Nature Preserve in Randolph, Minnesota. Adapted from the Minnesota DNR web site Ingenious Cannon Valley flour millers harnessed the power of the Cannon to run their simple country grist mills. In a scant few decades during the mid-to-late 19th Century, more innovations in the flour milling industry were developed here than in several centuries before. Their inventions and processes figuratively changed

378-652: The White Sands Trailhead facility, winding its way west along the Cannon River, past several lakes connected by it, ending at Mankato . The four-season asphalt pathway is a remnant of the Cannon Valley Railroad built in the 1880s. Terminal moraine A terminal moraine , also called an end moraine , is a type of moraine that forms at the terminal (edge) of a glacier , marking its maximum advance. At this point, debris that has accumulated by plucking and abrasion, has been pushed by

405-494: The area in the 1851 Treaty of Traverse des Sioux and most Dakota (except for a small group south of Faribault ) left the area after the Dakota War of 1862 . The "Standing Rock" of the Dakota language name is Castle Rock, located two miles east of the unincorporated community of Castle Rock . The mouth of the Cannon River was a major center of this culture. In historic times Indians and traders frequently hid their canoes near

432-718: The confluence with the Little Cannon River in Cannon Falls . Canoes traversing the river must portage several dams; the low header dams are more dangerous than they appear to novices. Downed trees and logjams are extreme hazards in high water, as are low bridges. The river varies in width from 50 to 200 feet (15 to 60 m). Stream flow usually peaks in early April. Very heavy rains can cause the river to flood. The dam at Lake Byllesby does not affect water levels and canoeing downstream, because it maintains instantaneous flow-through. From Faribault, Minnesota to its mouth,

459-540: The face of milling around the world. The first mills they built at Faribault, Morristown, Dundas, Northfield, Cannon Falls and Red Wing became the first bona fide industry that helped grow the Cannon Valley's first economy. These people, John North, John T. Archibald, Alexander Faribault, Edmund LaCroix, and Captain Jesse Ames, to name a few, had much to do with advancing the newer technology, thereby establishing

486-559: The first towns along the Cannon River. Remnants of the earliest mill companies live on through Malt-O-Meal and in textile milling at the Faribault Woolen Mill. The Cannon Valley Trail runs along the south bank of the river, between Cannon Falls and Red Wing and provides scenic views of surrounding farmland and the river valley. Sakatah Lake State Park is on a natural widening of the river near Waterville. The 40-mile Sakatah-Singing Hills Trail begins at Faribault at

513-508: The front edge of the ice, is driven no further and instead is deposited in an unsorted pile of sediment. Because the glacier acts very much like a conveyor belt , the longer it stays in one place, the greater the amount of material that will be deposited. The moraine is left as the marking point of the terminal extent of the ice. As a glacier moves along its path, the surrounding area is continuously eroding. Loose rock and pieces of bedrock are constantly being picked up and transported with

540-530: The glacier. Fine sediment and particles are also incorporated into the glacial ice. The accumulation of these rocks and sediment together form what is called glacial till when deposited. Push moraines are formed when a glacier retreats from a previously deposited terminal moraine, only to push proglacial sediment or till into an existing terminal moraine. This process can make the existing terminal moraine far larger than its previous size. Dump moraines occur when rock, sediment, and debris, which accumulate at

567-473: The ice boulders melt, they begin to pool to form kettle lakes in the glacial outwash plain . The terminal moraine is the furthest point of disturbed sediment, which is formed into a long mound outlining the front edge of the glacier. This mound typically consists of a large quantity of rocks and boulders along with sediment, and can combine to reach a height of multiple meters. The process of uplifting and moving these large rocks and boulders negatively affects

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594-413: The local vegetation by either crushing them or contributing to the process of the glacier plowing the topsoil , which removes the vegetation from the soil completely, including the root systems . In this area of disturbed land, it is difficult for new vegetation to grow. Immediately beyond the terminal moraine is the glacial outwash plain , covered in a layer of sediment, with braided streams formed from

621-486: The most common species are smallmouth bass, northern pike, walleye, and, in the stretch below Cannon Falls, Minnesota , channel catfish. Wildlife seen in the river valley includes white-tailed deer, beavers, otters, raccoons, bobcats, red fox, gray fox, and coyotes. Bald eagles are sighted near the Mississippi River. The Dwarf Trout Lily is a rare plant present only in the Cannon River watershed. Evidence of human activity along Iŋ'yaŋ Bosdata (or "Standing Rock River" as

648-428: The opposite direction of the retreat, causing braided streams and channels to form. A terminal moraine creates a barrier helping to trap water in a newly-formed glacial lake . The positioning of the lake resulted from not only subsidence , but also the terminal moraine providing the foundation for the wall that holds the water in place. While the terminal moraine consists of a long mound of rock and sediment which forms

675-464: The river's mouth, and so French fur traders called the stream La Riviere aux Canots, "the river of canoes." The modern name came from a false homophone of French "Canot". In 1877 there were 15 flour mills along the stretch of river between Faribault and Northfield alone. At Dundas , travelers still can see the aging limestone walls of the Archibald Mill. The Cannon River also flows through

702-570: The same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cannon_River&oldid=1245599337 " Category : Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Cannon River (Minnesota) The Cannon River has few rapids, but some can be difficult (Class II). Some have claimed lives, as has

729-405: The top surface of the glacier, either slide, fall, or flow off of the snout of the glacier. The accumulation of till will form a terminal moraine as the glacier retreats. Ablation moraines form when a large piece of ice, containing an accumulation of sediment and debris, breaks from the snout of the glacial. Once it is separated and begins to melt, the debris found throughout this glacial piece

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